PCR analysis: abin da yake da shi? Yadda za a yi da PCR analysis

Yana ba haka ba da dadewa ɓullo da wani abin dogara, sosai m, kuma m hanya domin ganewar asali daban-daban cututtuka a cikin mutane. Irin wannan hanya ita ake kira "PCR bincike". Mene ne shi, abin da ke da asalinta, abin da ya iya gano kwayoyin da kuma yadda za a yi da shi, za mu bayyana a cikin wannan labarin.

Tarihi na samu

Ƙirƙira da polymerase sarkar dauki (PCR) ne American masanin kimiyya Keri Myullis a shekarar 1983. Da farko, da jadadda mallaka Hanyar ganewar asali da "Cetus Corporation," a cikin abin da ya yi aiki da ta mahalicci. Amma a shekarar 1992, duk hakkoki da abubuwan da kafa dokar kare mallakar aka sayar wa kamfanin "Hoffman-La Roche." Bayan haka, ya juya waje cewa irin wannan nazarin da aka za'ayi a layi daya da aka ruwaito da sauran Amurka masana kimiyyar, kamar Elis Chen, David Edgar, John rre. A shekarar 1980 ya tsunduma a cikin wannan batun da kuma Soviet masana kimiyya A. Slyusarenko A. Kaledin kuma S. Gorodetsky. Saboda haka, domin sanin ko tafin kafa hakkin mallaka mai bai kasance yiwu. Mutane da yawa fice biochemists sun gudummawar da ci gaban hanyoyin da polymerase dauki da kuma CERN jadadda mallaka da sababbin abubuwa. A wannan lokaci da bincike na PCR ne da za'ayi a ko'ina cikin musamman sanye take dakunan gwaje-gwaje.

TAKAITACCEN PCR bincike

PCR analysis: abin da yake da shi da kuma yadda yake aiki? Jigon da Hanyar ta'allaka ne da cewa ta hanyar yin amfani da wani musamman enzyme DNA polymerase a vitro ƙara a juz'i na musamman da ake dasu yanayi. Don yin wannan akai-akai ninka samuwa DNA abu. Saboda haka, kasancewar wani pathogen a wani samfurin da adadin za a ƙara a kudi na biochemical awon magudi, da kuma kwayoyin ba zai zama da wuya a gane a cikin hange.

Ta yaya ne nazarin littattafai?

Don gudanar da wani bincike da ake bukata:

• A DNA template.
• primers abu a haɗa iyakar da gutsure.
• thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme.
• sunadarai, tabbatar da yin aiki da kyau na enzymes.
• buffer bayani da ake bukata domin samar da ya dace da yanayi na ci gaba da kuma ci gaba na DNA abu.

Don yin PCR aiki 25-30 maimata da ita kunshi uku matakai: denaturation, annealing da elongation.

Don bincika polimezarnoy sarkar dauki amfani da wani musamman na'urar - cycler. Modern kayan aiki ba ka damar shigar da zama dole dumama da kuma sanyaya shambura shirin kawar da kurakurai a lokacin da ganewar asali.

Ina amfani da ganewar asali?

Polimezarnoy sarkar dauki Hanyar ake amfani da su a fannoni daban daban na magani:

• Bincike amfani da shi wajen gano kwayoyin abu, kamar gashi, yau ko jini.
• PCR bincike na jini taimaka wajen genotyping, msl domin ganewa na mutum kayyade dasa mayar da martani ga wani takamaiman magani.
• ta hanyar kafa iyali dangantaka tsakanin mutane;
• mafi nemi-PCR Hanyar ya zama a cikin likita ganewar asali don tabbatar da dalilin da daban-daban cututtuka.

Abin da cututtuka bayyana PCR?

Saboda haka, magani ya dade da aka samu nasarar yi amfani da PCR analysis. Mene ne shi, muka riga muka koya. Kuma wasu pathogens za a iya gano tare da shi? PCR kamu wadannan cututtuka :

• hepatitis A, B, C.
• ureaplasmosis.
• candidiasis.
• chlamydia.
• mycoplasmosis.
• kwayan vaginosis.
• dauke da kwayar cutar mononucleosis.
• trichomoniasis.
• HPV kamuwa da cuta.
• da tarin fuka.
• herpes kamuwa da cuta daga cikin 1st da 2nd irin;
• Helicobacter pylori kamuwa da cuta.
• cytomegalovirus.
• diphtheria.
• salmonellosis.
• HIV.

Har ila yau, PCR hanyoyin da ake amfani a cikin ganewar asali na ciwon daji.

abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin Hanyar

Bincike PCR yana da abũbuwan amfãni:

1. High ji na ƙwarai. Ko da tare da kawai 'yan DNA din kananan kwayoyin PCR analysis kayyade gaban kamuwa da cuta. Ya taimaka Hanyar for kullum da kuma latent cututtuka da ke faruwa. Sau da yawa a irin haka ne, kananan kwayoyin ne uncultivated a sauran hanyoyi.
2. Domin gudanar da bincike da wani m abu, kamar yau, jini, jima'i selection, gashi, epithelial Kwayoyin. Mafi na kowa ne a jini gwajin da kuma urogenital swab PCR.

3. Ba ya bukatar wani mika girma al'adu. The sarrafa kansa aiwatar da bincikowa da damar samun sakamakon wani binciken bayan 4-5 hours.
4. A Hanyar ne kusan gaba daya kwarai. Rubuce kawai ware lokuta na ƙarya-mummunan sakamako.
5. Ability don gane da dama iri pathogens a daya samfurin kayan. Wannan ba kawai gudãnar up kan aiwatar da ganewar asali daga cutar, amma kuma muhimmanci rage abu halin kaka. Sau da yawa, likita ya furta a da cikakken bincike na PCR. Price binciken, wanda ya kunshi kayyade shida pathogens, shi ne game da 1,500 rubles.

Shawarwari a kan shiri domin analysis

A sakamakon ya zama m da PCR nazarin bukatar da za a jarraba, wadannan shawarwari na farko shirye-shirye domin ganewar asali:

1. Kafin bayarwa na yau kamata dena cin da miyagun ƙwayoyi domin 4 hours kafin Samfur da kayan. Nan da nan kafin hanya, kurkura bakinka da Boiled ruwa.
2. A bisa dokokin dole ne a shiryar da lokacin shan da samfurin daga cikin ciki na kunci. Bayan rinsing bada shawarar a gudanar da wani haske tausa a kan fata don saki prostatic secretions.
3. Fitsari ne yawanci tattara a gida. Don yin wannan, kana bukatar ka gudanar da wani sosai bayan gida na al'aurar. A wani bakararre filastik ganga wajibi ne ka tattara 50-60 ml na fitsari. Yana bada shawarar ga mata don saka da tampon cikin farji, da kuma maza kamar yadda zai yiwu a cire fata ninka don tabbatar da tsarki na kasa. Ba za ka iya daukar kayan a lokacin sananniya.
4. Domin ceto na maniyyi su guji jima'i a lokacin 3 days kafin tarin abu. Har ila yau, likitoci rika watsi da amfani da sauna da zafi wanka, barasa da yaji abinci. Domin 3 hours kafin analysis wajibi ne su guji yana yin fitsari.
5. Don wuce da urogenital shafa, misali, idan bincike a kan wani chlamydia PCR, mata da maza shawarar cewa jima'i sauran for 3 days. 2 makonni kafin analysis ba zai iya daukar maganin rigakafi. Domin a mako kana bukatar ka dakatar da amfani da m mala'iku, man shafawa, ta farji suppositories, douching. 3 hours kafin zuwa binciken kamata dena yana yin fitsari. A lokacin haila shinge abu ne ba za'ayi, kawai 3 kwanaki bayan ƙarshe na spotting iya dauka urogenital shafa.

PCR a lokacin daukar ciki

The jiran lokaci domin a jariri, da yawa cututtuka, jima'i cututtuka, su ne musamman m ga al'ada fetal ci gaba. STDs iya fararwa intrauterine ci gaba, ashara ko wanda bai kai ba haihuwa, nakasar malformations na yaro. Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci don samun a farkon ciki nunawa PCR. Shige analysis wajibi ne a lokacin da rijista - har zuwa 12 makonni.

Shinge abu zo daga mahaifa canal tare da wani musamman goge. A hanya ne m, kuma shi babban babu hatsari ga jariri. Kullum a lokacin daukar ciki bincikar ga Chlamydia PCR Hanyar, kazalika da ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, herpes, papillomavirus. Irin wannan jarrabawa hadaddun kira PCR 6.

PCR ga ganewar asali na cutar HIV

Saboda gaskiya cewa Hanyar polymerase sarkar dauki sosai kula canje-canje a cikin jiki da kuma yanayi na ganewar asali, da yawa abubuwan iya shafar sakamako. Saboda haka PCR bincike domin HIV ba wani abin dogara hanya, ta yadda ya dace - 96-98%. Sauran 2-4% na gwajin ba false m sakamakon.

Amma a wasu yanayi ba tare da PCR ganewar asali na cutar HIV ba zai iya yi. Yawancin lokaci, shi ne kwashe su a kai mutane tare da ƙarya-korau Elisha. Wadannan alkaluma sun nuna cewa mutumin da ya ba tukuna raya antibodies da cutar da kuma ba za a iya gano ba tare da kara yawan mahara. Wannan za a iya cimma ta gudanar da wani jini gwajin PCR Hanyar.

Ma da ake bukata shi ne a ganewar asali na yara na farko a shekara ta rayuwa, da aka haifa da cutar ta HIV uwãyensu ne. A hanya ne kadai hanya zuwa dogara ƙayyade da matsayi na yaro.

PCR ga ganewar asali na hepatitis

Polymerase sarkar dauki Hanyar damar ganewa na DNA da cutar na hepatitis A, B, C, da kyau kafin samuwar antibodies zuwa da kamuwa da cuta, ko alama farko. Musamman tasiri ne PCR bincike a kan hepatitis C, tun da 85% na irin cutar ne asymptomatic kuma ba tare da dace magani zama na kullum.

Dace ganewa na pathogen zai taimaka kauce wa matsalolin da kuma dogon lokacin da magani.

Hadakar PCR nunawa

M PCR Analysis: abin da yake da shi? Wannan nunawa Hanyar polimezarnoy sarkar dauki wanda ya hada da kayyade lokaci guda dama jinsunan kamuwa da cuta: Mycoplasma genitalium, wato Mycoplasma hominis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida, trichomonas, cytomegalovirus, ureaplasma urealitikum, herpes 1st da 2nd type, kabba da ciwon sanyi papillomavirus. Farashin wannan ganewar asali jeri daga 2,000 zuwa 3,500 rubles. dangane da asibiti, da kayan, kazalika da irin analysis: ingantaccen ko gwada yawa. Menene ake bukata a cikin al'amarin - likita yanke shawarar. A wasu lokuta, ku kawai kawai gane gaban pathogen a wasu, kamar HIV, da muhimmiyar rawar da ta taka, gwada yawa titer. ake magana a kai a matsayin "PCR bincike na 12" a cikin ganewar asali na duk na sama pathogens jarrabawa.

Deciphering da bincike sakamakon

Kwafi PCR bincike ne mai saukin ganewa. Akwai kawai 2 index sikelin - "m" da kuma "korau." Bayan ganewa na pathogen iya likitoci da 99% amincewa -th tabbatar da kasancewar cutar da kuma fara magani daga mãsu haƙuri. A gwada yawa Hanyar kayyade kamuwa da cuta a wani daidai shafi index yawan gano kwayoyin za a kayyade. Kawai wani likita zai iya sanin ko har na cuta, kuma rubũta da zama dole magani.

A wasu lokuta, misali a kayyade HIV ta PCR, tare da wani mummunan sakamako, akwai wani bukatar ƙarin safiyo tabbatar da wadannan Figures.

Ina don gwada?

Ina hawa-PCR bincike a cikin jama'a asibitin ko mai zaman kansa dakin gwaje-gwaje? Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin birni kiwon lafiya cibiyoyin kayan aiki da kuma hanyoyin da ake sau da yawa m. Saboda haka shi ne mafi alhẽri ba, baicin zaman kansa dakunan gwaje-gwaje da kayayyakin zamani da sosai m ma'aikata. Bugu da kari, a mai zaman kansa asibitin ka samu sakamakon da yawa sauri.

A Moscow, da yawa masu zaman kansu dakunan gwaje-gwaje bayar PCR bincike domin daban-daban cututtuka. Alal misali, a cikin irin wannan shan magani kamar yadda "Vita", "Hadakar Clinic," "Happy Family", "URO-Pro", za'ayi PCR analysis. Survey farashin 200 ne rubles. domin kayyade a pathogen.

Yana iya ƙarasa da cewa cutar na cututtuka da PCR a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne mai sauri da kuma abin dogara hanya na ganowa da pathogen a cikin jiki a farkon matakai na kamuwa da cuta. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, to zabi sauran hanyoyin da ganewar asali. Ƙayyade da bukatar irin wannan binciken zai iya kawai zama gwani. PCR analysis Mabudi ma bukatar wani kwararren m. Bi likita ka shawara, kada ku yi nasu gwaje-gwaje, wanda aka ba da ake bukata.