Northern modernist style a cikin gine na St. Petersburg

A farkon karni na ashirin da a St. Petersburg alama da zuwan wani sabon gine-gine da style, daya daga cikin halayyar siffofin daga abin da yake da amfani a cikin zane na waje images of tsuntsaye, dabbobi, tsirrai da ado aro daga arewacin almara. Sun yi wani gagarumin dawo a cikin m, kuma mai gintsẽwa facade na St. Petersburg gidan. The style of gine-gine, wanda ya ci gaba da romantic al'adar Swedish kuma Finnish hadisai, da ake kira "Northern Art Nouveau". Ya bayyanar ya bayar da gudunmawar wani gagarumin tabbatarwa daga Rasha ta dangantaka da Sweden da kuma Finland. A art daga cikin wadannan kasashe, babban mayar da hankali romantic, rayayye yana amfani da scenes daga epics da kuma tatsuniyoyi.

Wannan labarin ya gabatar da mu zuwa ga haske Monuments na Arewa Art Nouveau a St. Petersburg gine.

ãyõyin cikin style

Babban waje ãyõyin arewacin zamani gine aka zaba tare da babban fasaha hade da na halitta da kuma wucin gadi karewa kayan. A nan, kowane bangaren amfanin daga kusanci zuwa wasu.

A bango soket ne sau da yawa amfani Finnish dutse. A style of arewacin modernist samar da m aiki, gaban smoothly hewn, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa da kuma abubuwa na sassaka. A jirgin sama na ganuwar a kan babba bene an rufe tare da karewa Layer na tubalin ko textured plaster.

Daga cikin abubuwa na ado na gine-gine tsaya daga kayayyaki wahayi zuwa gare ta images of arewacin almara - ta Flora da fauna. Abin lura ne m amfani da launi da kuma majolica tiles.

A siffar gine-gine, a cikin style of arewacin zamani, quite m, a cikin gine babu kananan abubuwa na ado.

Contrasting haduwa da laushi da kuma siffofi, da dama taga takware, su hade tare da Piers da janar sautin na gidaje facade, kammala a arewacin Art Nouveau a St. Petersburg a cika ma'anarta juya a cikin wani sanyi hadaddun tsarin kamã da wannan lokaci manyan-sikelin Tsarin tsakiyar zamanai da kuma arewacin m shimfidar .

Northern modernist gine na St. Petersburg ya ba samuwa a cikin manyan yawa, amma har yanzu shi yana da nasaba da wasu daga cikin mafi m shafukan a cikin tarihin kasar yi na St. Petersburg na farkon karni na ashirin. Babban fasali na shugabanci, wanda aka nuna godiya da mazauna wannan yankin, shi ne yin amfani da halitta kayan - da itace da dutse, stylized motifs na jama'a gine na arewa da kuma tsakiyar zamanai, Organic dangantaka da wuri mai faɗi Tsarin waje muhalli.

Northern Art Nouveau a St. Petersburg: Tarihi

Development of style a St. Petersburg da aka gudanar a karkashin gagarumin tasiri na Finnish, Swedish da neo-romantic gine.

Artist, bayar da damar gudanar hanya daga arewacin kasashen St. Petersburg, ya Sergei Diaghilev, wanda ya shirya wani nuni da Scandinavian artists a 1897 a School of fasaha zane na Baron Stieglitz. Daga baya Scandinavian motifs aka tsince da gine-ginen fara ginin a St. Petersburg gida a unprecedented kafin style na lokaci.

An sani cewa shugaba na style ideas daga asalin tushen da aka Friedrich (Fedor) Lidval, daya daga cikin wakilan da Swedish al'umma a arewacin babban birnin kasar.

A cikin aikin a St. Petersburg a cikin tsawon 1901-1907 gg. Su an gina gine-gine, wanda sun zama wani madadin zuwa da baza a Austria da Jamus zamani zabin.

Masana sun lura da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan samuwar da m style na m na irin manyan Figures a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden neo-romanticism kamar yadda Boberg da Klasson.

An muhimmanci taimako ga samuwar na Arewa Art Nouveau a farkon mataki aka gabatar da bayyanar da gine-gine, tsara ta R. Meltzer, a kan Stone Island. Daga baya tasiri a style of gine na Finnish muradi ya zama daya daga cikin manyan. Landmark gina a 1907, kamar a gidan Putilova a kan Grand Avenue. Petrograd Side (aikin m I. Pretro), da kuma ginin da Insurance Company "Rasha" a kan titi. Bol. Sea (aiki na m G. Gimpel), haƙĩƙa, akwai ãyõyi na kai tsaye lissafi na ayyukan Finnish abokan aiki - L. Sonck da E. Saarinen. Wannan, duk da haka, masana sun ce, ba downplay individuality da kuma high m ingancin wadannan ayyuka.

A karo na biyu da rabi na farko shekaru goma na ashirin Arewa Art Nouveau a St. Petersburg ya zama babban gine-gine shakka cewa janyo hankalin da ban sha'awa na matasa gine-ginen. Tare da wannan lokaci, gama babban nasarori na N. Vasiliev, wani tsohon mabiyin Romanticism, wanda za a iya gano a cikin ayyukan mutum wahayi na style. Sama Gabas motifs mamaye arewacin theme a gaban gidan A. Bubyr (str. Stremyannaya), da kuma karshe na kudirin masallaci, kuma da dama wasu gine-gine.

Daga baya Arewa modernist aka yi kakkausar, sawa sau da yawa chauvinistic. A matsayin madadin su da ake kira modernist chuhonskomu sanya neoclassicism, wanda aka positioned a matsayin gaske kasa (na sarki) style. Kuma duk da haka akwai duk sabon da kuma sabon gine-gine a arewacin modernist style. Ado haihuwa ba hanya zuwa rationalism.

Kananan ornamental da sculptural ado, kafa wani romantic image da aka maye gurbinsu a hade da wani roba facade na babban kundin - balconies, bay windows, rufin silhouettes. Musamman ban sha'awa, bisa ga masana, Apartment gine-gine a arewacin modernist style, gina a 1910-1915 gg. (Architect A. Bubyr).

wakilan

Northern Art Nouveau a St. Petersburg gabatar da aikin na manyan gine-ginen:

• Vladimir Apyshkova.
• Alekseya Bubyrya.
• Nikolai Vasilyev.
• Alexander Zelenko.
• Fedora Lidvalya.
• George Makaeva.
• Hippolyte Pretro.

Gidaje a cikin style of arewacin modernist, St. Petersburg: Top 5 shahararrun gine-gine

Ya kamata ratsa wannan rumfa hanya aza yan koyo mai salo gine. Yana take kaiwa zuwa cikin shahararrun gine-gine gina a St. Petersburg a arewacin Art Nouveau, kuma suke saba da su tarihi. Wadannan gine-gine ne da haske page a cikin kasida jan hankali.

Bubyr gidan a kan titi. Ango, 11

A farkon karni na ashirin, da St. Petersburg m Alekseem Bubyrem aka sayo kan titi. Ango ƙasar da gine-gine. Tare da m Nikolai Vasilyev master fara gina Apartment gidan, wanda ake shirin kwanta da iyalinsa, da kuma sauran Apartment da kuma dakunan hayan. A gini da sauri tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa da kuma ya zama daya daga cikin sabbin jan hankali. Wucewa don mamaki da murna da m Figures, richly ƙawata ta facade. Wanne ne kawai yake ba za a iya gani a kan ganuwar ta: hankaka, kifi, dama shuke-shuke, halittu masu ban mamaki daga tatsuniyoyi da Legends. A wuri na musamman a cikin kayan ado na gidan da aka bai wa image rãnã, kamar yadda idan aka yi nufi don haskaka babban gefen gidan fuskantar arewa: a nan ba su samu dumi haskoki na rana.

Yi tsawon shekara biyu. A 1907, akwai fara shirya sabon sufurin. A karshe, na shida kasa, da m zaunar da iyalinsa.

Features na style a cikin tsarin a Stremyannaya

Wannan m tsarin, falalen kan Stremyannaya titi, shi ne mai daukan hankali misali na arewacin modernist gine-ginen Vasiliev, babban dan kwangila na ado aiki a kan babban facade, hada abubuwa da yawa, a soke zama Rasha jan hankali da kuma Monuments da Rum.

Gamawa bay m da masu sauraro da kuma evokes ƙungiyoyi tare da domes na Cathedrals na Novgorod, da na dutse sanduna, gina a tarnaƙi na ƙofar da kuma kwatance. A gidan ne reminiscent na drawbridges manyan zuwa na da gidãjen kuma hasken rana alamomin lokaci guda biya haraji ga duka biyu Turai da kuma Rasha gine-gine, za a iya gani a kan baƙin ƙarfe fences kuma da filasta.

A rabo daga cikin gidan

Bubyr shi ne maigidan har shekara ta 1919, bayan juyin juya hali, dole ne ya je Ukraine, inda nan da nan da ransa aka takaici, yanke takaice.

Yanzu gidan zauna tsaye a inda yake, kuma, kamar sauran Monuments, ya gani da yawa. A gini tsira a lokacin farin ciki na juyin juya hali, yaki da maimaitawa. Yana da damar ganin shi tsakanin su mazauna da kuma 'yan ƙasa na almara: tsohon Apartment na m ya kasu kashi da zamantakewa gidaje, a nan ya rayu cikin shahararrun Eduard Khil. Daga baya gidan da aka bude cafe "Elf", wanda na son zuwa tara samu m shahararsa wakilan da Leningrad karkashin kasa: Viktor Tsoi kuma Boris Grebenshchikov. An sani cewa a cikin yadi na gidan da aka yi harbi da fim "Brother".

"Tolstoy gidan" (gidan Count riba Tolstoy M. P.) a kan titi. Rubinstein, 15-17

Wannan babbar 6-storey gidan ba tare da dalili da ake kira "birni a cikin birni." Musamman ta layout suna samuwa uku farfajiya da alaka da sassa da cewa samar da wata real na zama unguwa, kuma ga alama cewa mutane suna rayuwa a yankin, gaba daya ware daga sauran birnin: a wadannan yadudduka madalla da yawa sarari, amma su ma yi jãyayya a cikin wasu daga su musamman yanayi . Architect - Fedor Lidval, abokin ciniki gina wani babban gini - Manjo-Janar Count Mikhail Tolstoy, memba na Rasha-Turkish yaki (1877-1878 gg.).

Lidval kaunace a cikin ayyukansu amfani da abubuwa wahayi zuwa gare ta Renaissance. A cikin zane na Tolstoy ta gidan ka iya samun m balconies a kan babba benaye, driveways, Renaissance arches. A ado na daban-daban m hani: tarar gilashin fure a cikin hannãyenku daga Cupid tsaye a maharibai, ƙawata entrances.

A gidan da aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin tsari ga mutanen da dukan zamantakewa azuzuwan: akwai aka bayar a matsayin alatu Apartments, lissafi na ban ta high kudin da fadin kasafin kudin zažužžukan. Shirin Bashir Ibrahim lif, wanki da kuma ruwa.

Wannan gidan za a iya daukan wani rikodin ga yawan mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin shi a daban-daban sau na celebrities, tsakanin wanda masana tarihi kira marubuci Aleksandra Kuprina, Mikhail Shemyakin, yar rawa Irina Kolpakova, marubuci kuma dan jarida Arkady Averchenko, juyin juya halin Musulunci mawãƙi Vasily Knyazev da yawa wasu. Wasu makarai Tolstoy gidan a daban-daban sau na rana za a iya gani zuwa ga ziyarci ko dawo gida, Anna Akhmatova, I. Brodsky, Dovlatov S., A. Rosenbaum, Valery Gergiev, Raikin, A. Freundlich, O. Basilashvili, M. Boyarsky kuma L. Luppian. Yadudduka da kuma na waje na ginin sau da yawa zama a matsayin backdrop ga yin fim na movie: nan yin fim "The Kasadar Sherlock Holmes da kuma Doctor Watson", "Winter Cherry", "Haihuwa na juyin juya halin" da "gangster Petersburg".

"Sugarloaf" (qasaita misali Follenveydera) a kan Big Avenue, 13

Kamennoostrovsky babban tini sanannen domin ta dũkiya da gine-gine da Monuments a Arewa Art Nouveau. Wannan shi ne musamman bayyanannu a cikin exteriors na qasaita, wanda mai shi ya mai Swiss jama'a, wani tela da maroki na mallaka Kotun E. Follenveyder, The gidan da aka gina a 1905, bisa ga aikin m Meltzer. A qasaita ne a misali na Arewa Art Nouveau, amma ya bambanta daga sauran abubuwa na Gothic Revival. Wannan bayani da cewa ginin da ya da wani gwaji daya, aza harsashin ginin da ya shigo ya bayyana a cikin birane gine-gine, da shugabanci na Arewa Art Nouveau.

A style daga cikin gidan

Stylistic yanke shawara na yi Dates baya ga hadisai na Scandinavian da Finnish romanticism. An halin sauki da kuma monumentality kundin, m hasumiya, ado da arched alfarwa. Da hankali ne kõma zuwa ga fari plaster ganuwar contrasting tare da ja rufin fale-falen da launin toka dutse plinth. Ya external bayyanar da gini kama wani tsoho castle ko wani gargajiya Scandinavian Art Nouveau gini, shi ne tartsatsi a cikin XX karni.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa da zaran ginin da aka gina, da mutãnensa nan da nan mai lakabin "Sugar Burodi" - mafi m saboda da haske launin stucco da elongated Dome. An sani cewa bayan juyin juya hali, a gidan wani sanatorium. Yau, gidan da yake riƙe Danish ofishin jakadancin.

Game da Apartment gidan I. M. Lidvalya a kan Kamennoostrovsky PR., 1/3

An sani cewa a 1898, ƙasar a Kamennoostrovsky Avenue aka saya da uwar m F. Lidval. A gini ne na farko m aiki na m. New dabara na marubucin, ba a baya aka sani a cikin gine na St. Petersburg, shi ne tsari na manyan gaban yadi, da fadi-bude zuwa ga waje. Wannan yanki, atypical ga St. Petersburg Apartment gine-gine, shigar da Apartment aka bayar da babban adadin haske.

Daga cikin bayani muhimmi a cikin wayewar, marubucin ya yi amfani da taimako cartouche, wanda ya yi wa ado tsakiyar portal, sa'an nan ta tattake ranar ƙarshe na aiki a kan wannan bangare na gidan - "1902". Dama daga ranar da aka nuna Pine rassan da Cones, wanda za a iya gani a kusa da gandun daji tsuntsu rarake norovyaschie zaune kusa ta zomo. Tsaro Hare gani gudu daga cikin gandun daji thickets na babban-eared 'yan'uwanmu. Don hagu na kwanan, za ka iya sha'awan da image na shugaban Lynx da fadi da bude bakinka, kusa perched a kan wani reshe mujiya da yaduwar fuka-fuki.

Waje rinjayar da yawa na kadangaru image, babban kifi, daji berries, toadstools, tulips da sauransu. Janyo hankalin da ganinsu gaban mahara bay windows da balconies, taga takware, lashe images of images of Flora da fauna. Wadannan stylistic siffofin ne dalilin da cewa gidan da aka ambata a cikin litattafan kan tarihin gine. A farko da "Best fronts" a St. Petersburg (1907), da m aikin da aka bayar.

Daga cikin babban-sunan sufurin kira iyali Lidval, artist K. Petrov-Vodkin, actor Yuri Yuriev.

"House da owls" (Apartment gidan Putilovoy T. N.) a kan Grand Avenue PS, 44

Bayyanar da na yau da kullum sunan ginin ake bukata don sculptures na owls gefuna ta facade. A gidan da aka gina a cikin lokaci daga 1906 zuwa 1907. Its marubucin ya da m Hippolyte Pretro - daya daga cikin wakilan da St. Petersburg Arewa Moderne. Ginin da aka gina don m Putilova, wanda a lokacin ya kasance ma'abũcin daya daga cikin manufactory shaguna a kan Vasilyevsky Island.

House lura m cuta, windows na daban-daban siffofi: shirokime, kunkuntar, short, dogon. Next, da viewer lura gaban mataki a mataki na bay windows, yawan ado arziki images kõma daga arewacin Flora, fauna da kuma na almara. House da owls ne wani shahararren wuri a cikin birnin. A cikin rashi na ado abubuwa na gidan za a iya dauke al'ada monolithic block, ciki wanda akwai wani tsakar gida-rijiya. Amma gaban asali casings, balconies da m images Amfanin facade da gaske ba za'a iya mantawaba. Shi ne "House tare da owls" an dauke su a katin kasuwanci Arewa modernist style. A 1912, aikin da m a gasar daga cikin mafi kyau Pretro facades nuna a samu lambar azurfa. A lokacin da ya nufi da amincewa da kyau na marubucin.

A Tarurrukan hadisai

Wa ni'ima daga duk gourmets da kuma magoya na da dadi da lafiya da abinci da ba haka ba da dadewa a Petrograd District bude gidan abinci "Northern modernist style". Sunan ma'aikata reminiscent na zamanin, alama da unprecedented girma na Rasha shaidar dan kasa, kazalika da wani mataki mai flowering na art, al'ada da kuma sabon kasuwanci dabarun.

Sunan nuna fahimtar da masu bukatar raya da kuma ƙarfafa kasa hadisai. A gidan cin abinci ne m ga gine-ginen da "PetroCongress". Lafiya na waje da kuma ciki wuraren ne cikin jituwa tare da asali na ta menu, wanda aka mamaye jita-jita na pre-neman sauyi abinci.