Monocots: da asalin da kuma halaye na aji

Monocots a duniyarmu bayyana kusan a lokaci guda a matsayin bipartite: Tun daga wannan lokaci ya wuce fiye da dari shekaru miliyan. Amma a kan hanya a cikin abin da ya faru, botanists babu yarjejeniya. Magoya bayan jayayya daya matsayin cewa monocots an sauko daga mafi sauki na bipartite. Da suka ci gaba a damp wurare: a cikin tafkunan, a kan gaba na tabkuna da koguna. Kuma kare na biyu view yi imani da cewa monocots Kwatsam daga cikin mafi m mambobi na wannan aji. Wannan shi ne, shi dai itace cewa form, kafin zamani launuka iya zama herbaceous.

Dabino, ciyawa kuma sedge - wadannan uku iyalai da aka bayar da kuma rarraba ta karshen da Cretaceous lokaci. Amma bromeliads da orchids, watakila, da ƙarami.

Monocots ciki a aji na angiosperms, na biyu mafi girma. Su asusu domin game da 60 000 jinsunan, danginsu - 2800, da kuma iyalan - 60. Daga jimlar yawan flowering shuke-shuke monocots ne rubu'in. A iyakar 20-21 ƙarni botanists sun karu da wannan aji saboda da fragmentation da dama a baya zaba iyalansu. Saboda haka, misali, rarraba Lily. A mafi yawa iyali na orchids bayyana, bi da ciyawa, sedges, dabino. Kuma mafi karami yawan jinsunan yana Araceae - 2500.

Al'ada, yadu amfani a duniya rarrabuwa tsarin monocotyledonous flowering shuke-shuke ci gaba a 1981 da wani botanist daga US - Artur Kronkvist. Ya kafa sansaninsa duk monocots biyar subclasses: kommelinidy, aretsidy, zingiberidy, alismatidy da liliidy. Kuma kowanne daga cikinsu har yanzu kunshi dama umarni na girma, da adadin wanda dabam.

Monocots ne Monocotyledones. A rarrabuwa tsarin raya by APG da kuma ba da sunan kungiyar a cikin harshen Turanci kawai, shi yayi dace da Monocots aji.

Gabatar da farko monocots ganye da kuma wani karami har - itatuwa, shrubs da inabõbi. Daga cikin su akwai mutane da yawa suka fi son zuwa marshland, tafkunan, kiwo kwararan fitila. A wakilan wannan iyali ne yanzu a kan dukkan nahiyoyi na duniya.

Rasha sunan monocots samu da yawan cotyledons. Ko da yake wannan hanya na kayyade ne ba isasshe abin dogara, kuma bã sauƙi m.

Domin da farko lokacin da za a rarrabe tsakanin monocots da dicots samarwa a cikin 18th karni English halitta Yahaya. Ray. Ya gano wadannan halaye na farko aji:

- mai tushe: wuya branched. rufe su jijiyoyin bugun gini daure. jijiyoyin bugun gini daure ana ajiye su da ka a kan yanke.

- Bar: kagaggun amplexicaul, ba tare da stipules. yawanci kunkuntar siffar. layi daya ko arcuate venation.

- Akidar tsarin: fibrous. adventitious Tushen sosai da sauri maye gurbin tayi tushen.

- Cambium: babu, a wannan batun, ba thickened kara.

- jam: monocotyledonous.

- Flowers: perianth kunshi biyu, matsakaicin - uku-lokaci bukatun. wannan adadin stamens. uku carpel.

Duk da haka, akayi daban-daban, kowanne daga cikin wadannan sifofi ba zai iya fili rarrabe tsakanin bipartite da monocotyledons. Kawai suka suna dauke a hade, sa shi yiwuwa a daidai kafa ajin.