Mene ne wani haske game da ilimin halin dan Adam: m, wahayi, kwatsam hunch

A m kamus manufar m aka fassara a matsayin kwatsam, ba derivable daga gwaninta fahimtar matsala halin da ake ciki a matsayin dukan, saboda abin da akwai wani bayani da matsalar tinkarar mutum.

"Yeah-dauki" a chimpanzee

Amma karo na farko da wannan lokaci aka gabatar da Gestalt psychologist V.Kelerom a shekara ta 1925 a cikin binciken na hankali na girma da birai, wanda hali ba ya shige cikin behaviourist manufar "gwaji da kuma kuskure". Insight ya kira sabon tunani, kwatsam haske game da matsalar da aka gabatar da experimenter.

Koehler ya miƙa biri ayyuka koto dostavaniya m hanya a gare su: da shi ya zama dole in yi amfani da zato ga wannan itace, wanda zai iya zama a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da waje na filin na view of dabba.

Maimakon yin fuss, yin m yunkurin, da biri iya na dogon lokaci ba a yi wani abu, amma kawai neman a kome. Kuma a wani matsayi, shi kwatsam zo zuwa dama bayani, wanda nan da nan aiwatar.

Wannan "Aha-dauki" bincike fassara a matsayin wani ilimi yi na "a sake fasalin kudin" na filin na ji na wani aiki a lokacin da wani tsaka tsaki abu (itace) janyo hankalin da hankali a matsayin hanyar kawo ƙarshen ( "elongation" hannayensu).

Mene ne m?

Daga bisani, ajalin da aka yi amfani da masana ilimin tunani na daban-daban kwatance a lokacin da ƙoƙarin bayyana sabon abu na sani, m, kwatsam fahimtar. A musamman - a lokacin da karatu art.

Wallace ware fitar a kan aiwatar da m matsalar warware hudu, saukarwa:

1. Preparatory aiki.

2. shiryawa.

3. A kwatsam m.

4. Practical tabbatarwa.

Wannan makirci ne ba jayayya, amma duk sun yarda da cewa shi ne wajen siffatawa kuma ba zai iya bayyana abin da m lalle ne.

A wahala na batun ta'allaka ne da cewa wani bayani da aka kafa a tulin matakin, domin lokacin zama ba tare da fadowa cikin mayar da hankali na sani. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin sani na mataki na biyu mafi yawa ana aiki ayyuka ba kai tsaye alaka da matsala ana jawabi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa akwai wani sakamako na mamaki a lokacin da bayani bayyana kwatsam a sani a matsayin ray haske a kan bango na launin toka rayuwar yau da kullum.

Lalle ne, tarihin kimiyya sani cewa da muhimman hakkokin binciken da aka yi ta babban masana kimiyya tun Archimedes (ihu da ta ƙarni sanannen "Eureka!") Don da Poincare lissafi da kuma waɗansu da yawa, a cikin mafi m yanayi. Alal misali, lokacin da masu niyyar baftisma cikin wanka a karkashin wani apple itacen da yake a gonar, ko kuma a guje hukumar motsi bas.

Da littattafai na gaskiya - kyakkyawa

A cikin memoirs na Anri Puankare iya gani sarai cewa wannan haske game da m tsari. Lokacin da wani masanin kimiyya ne ba aiki falke tunani a kan kalubalen gaba (mataki na biyu), a sume ci gaba m aikin, sakamakon wanda ya dogara a kan mataki na ta da hannu a cikin bayani da matsalar a mataki na farko.

Lokacin da m ya faru, shi wajibi ne don kawo a karkashin shi da shaida tushe, ciki har da dabaru da kuma ilmin lissafi lissafin. Babban abu a cikin wannan 3rd mataki - duba su kwatsam wahayi. Ko da yake da cikakken tabbaci a cikin daidaitar su ƙiri, da masanin kimiyyar ya tabbatar wa kansa da sauransu.

The mafi ban sha'awa abu a nan shi ne cewa da motsi da dama yanke shawara yana tare da karfi ji, wanda ya shiryu ne kuma masanin kimiyya, tattara cikakken a kan aiki a hannun. Emotion, manifesting zurfin unconsciousness, mahaliccin ne directed zuwa daidai bayani. Poincaré ya ce ya samu wani real bugu zuwa ɗaguwar ruhaniya a kallo na da kyau na da ilmin lissafi constructions.

A wasu kalmomin, a ji na kyakkyawa da jituwa ne wani nau'i ne na tace cewa ba aika da erroneous ideas. Kuma idan ya kasance ba ya nan, da mutum ba zai iya warware ilimin lissafi matsaloli. Wannan ne m - ne da tunani na kerawa ra'ayi a hankali alaka siffofin kyakkyawa.

A ka'ida, wannan inji da aka bayyana ta Kohler, suka yi karatu m mafita chimpanzee. "Gestalt" da kuma aka fassara a matsayin mai kyau, da kyau, kammala nau'i a fili na batutuwa a cikin filin na ji. Akwai hanyoyi da "mai kyau form" a matsayin kawai gaskiya, da biri da ayyuka, da kuma samun lada.

Diraya da dabaru?

Our takwararta psychologist Ja Ponomarev daukan da ra'ayin cewa tunanin mutum - shi ne ko da yaushe da rabo daga diraya da kuma dabaru. A daban-daban lokacin rayuwa mamaye abu daya bayan daya. Ilhama search fara sosai halitta da matsalar, fitowan na bukatar a warware shi. Ainihin tsari ke bayan dokin sani, kuma kawai a lokacin da yanke shawara ne cikakke, shi ba zato ba tsammani bayyana a cikin mayar da hankali. Wannan abin da m, a wannan mahallin.

A ta da asali da ma'ana domin yanke shawara, idan akwai wani daban-daban bukatar - ya raba ya samu tare da wasu, to sami wani janar algorithm domin warware irin wannan matsaloli a nan gaba.

Lokacin da wani mutum da aka fuskanci wani sabon aiki, sau da yawa shi rasa dabaru na ilimi, sa'an nan da shawarar aiwatar da shanku zuwa kasa, sume, ilhama matakin. A wannan, wadda ba'a gano har da filin, da kwarewa alama marasa iyaka. Kuma waɗanda suka san yadda za su shiga cikin lamba tare da shi, da ikon ya kalli matsalar halin da ake ciki tare da hannun dãma. The bayanai zo a lokacin da hankali ne ya shagaltar da su da wani abu, ko a mafarki.

Bayan samun wata akida amsar, kana bukatar ka yi kokarin substantiate shi. Kawai sai na iya ilhama bayani zai suna da hakkin ya wanzu.

Kada ku yi tambaya a Santifidi kamar yadda rearranges kafar!

Da zarar Ponomarev gudanar da wani gwaji: ya miƙa gwajin don magance matsalar, wanda aka bukata a sami wani algorithm sa sandunan a kan musamman panel. Lokacin da suka horar da su yi wannan aiki, aka tambaye su nemi hanya a cikin Maze, da siffar abin da yake m ga sanyi na splines a panel a baya matsala.

An gano cewa pre-jiyya ba tare da sanduna da cika fuska rage yawan kurakurai a cikin Maze. Amma idan experimenter tambayi don bayyana dalilin da ya sa wannan ko da aka kamala a cikin Maze zabi, yawan kurakurai nan da nan ya karu.

Sai dai itace cewa da aikin a mai ma'ana yanayin na wayar da kan jama'a ya hana lamba tare da ilhama kwarewa. Conversely, ayyuka a bisa diraya ware su m iko.

"Ina jin - wannan shi ne wani abu a can"

Babban bambancin dake tsakanin mutum diraya da qwaqwalwa ne qwarai aiki na dabbobi - a da dangantaka da sani. Animal ilhami, bisa ga kimiyyar zamani, wannan ba m.

Idan an ilhama matakin, sabon tunani mutum ne iya hanzarta a cikin dubban sau, kuma da yawa ƙasa da makamashi. Yana iya ma jin wata karuwa da sabon sojojin, ilhama bayani ya zo da shi wani tunanin daga da kuma a ji na "hakikanin rai." Creative mutane kira shi wahayi.

Insight cikin rayuwar yau da kullum

Kada ka yi zaton cewa wahayi, m, - shi ne prerogative na masana kimiyya ko artists. Talakawa adam rayuwa mai cike da basira, basira da kuma sauran m mafita. Muna da duk lokacin da za a shirya sabon ayyuka da cewa ba nan da nan amenable ga m hari.

Insight - wani tunani na hukunce-hukuncen natsuwa zone inda ne amsoshin da babban tambaya. Mun sãme shi a bayan yawa gaza yunkurin, riga yanke ƙauna, da kuma tare da hannun ta karshe bada a kuma daina neman bayani. Sai a wannan lokacin, kuma ya zo haskakarka.

Kawai bukatar Mataki na ajiye da kuma dubi halin da ake ciki ya sha bambam, don kokarin rufe shi duka a gaba ɗayansa.

ikon foresee

Capacity for m za a iya amfani da a matsayin dangantawa ga tunani da basira lõkacin da ta je hali halaye. Kullum, hangen nesa - ikon tsammani abin da baƙo da abin da yake kore ta sabubban abin da ya sa ran daga gare shi. By kuma manyan, wannan Hasashen na halin da ake ciki.

Sophisticate wuya su yaudare ko "canza". Irin wadannan mutane ba su yiwuwa ga kurakurai ne, kuma su yi nasara a su zaba filin daga aiki. Shi ya sa akwai kuma da yawa daga shugabannin da suka iya shafar wasu, don tara a kusa da shi wata tawagar shirkinku, kuma m teams.

Amma m - shi ne ma da ikon yin daidai lura, to lura da kewaye mafi muhimmanci, abin da ba a bayyane yake, amma key ga halin da ake ciki. A wannan yanayi, ana iya ci gaba da kullum horar da iko na kallo. A saboda wannan dalili, musamman hanyoyin da tunani, waxanda suke da samuwa idan ake so.

Daban-daban kwatance da tunani , da kalmar m wanda darajar aka fassara a matsayin haske, ilhama tsarin kula da warware matsalolin a cikin m ji sani ko m. A talla Psychology, a can ne ko da mas'ala ta "mabukaci m". Zai yiwu shahararsa ta wannan ra'ayi zai taimaka wa real basira a cikin fahimtar yanayin dan Adam da kuma yin rayuwarmu mafi alhẽri.