Mene ne MAT da kuma yadda za a decipher da raguwa?

Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan M. Gorky - daya daga cikin shahararrun, mashahuri da kuma rare wasan kwaikwayo a cikin kasar. M darektan ne sanannen actress Tatiana Doronin.

MAT

Mene ne MAT? Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin babban birnin kasar ta sinimomi. All masoya na wasan kwaikwayo art, ba shakka, su saba da wadannan cinkin haruffa. MAT aka kafa a 1898. Ya asalin kasance KS Stanislavsky da V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Wasan kwaikwayo sau da yawa canza sunanta. A farko an kira Art da kuma jama'a wasan kwaikwayo, a 1901 samu da sunan Moscow Art gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma zama da aka sani da Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo a 1919. Deciphering abbreviations - Moscow Art Academic Theater.

History of Gidan wasan kwaikwayo Birthday

Yuni 19, 1897 a gidan cin abinci "Slavic Bazaar" da aka gudanar da wani taro KS Stanislavsky da V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, wanda ya tattauna kan batun na samar da wani m gidan wasan kwaikwayo da cewa zai bi ga ka'idojin kan wanda ya yi aiki a Paris "Free Theater" A. Antoine da kuma Berlin wasan kwaikwayo "Free Stage" Ya Brahma. Wannan shi ne wani sabon gaba daya hanya na aiki, inda duk abin da ya zama mai idon basira, ba tare da izuwa declamations da affectedness. Haka kuma an kamata ya yi wasan kwaikwayo m, wato, da tikitin farashin sun low, da kuma wani memba na aiki aji iya dauka da kyakkyawa. Saboda haka jama'a Art wasan kwaikwayo (MAT) da aka halicce su.

A 1901, kalmar "jama'a" an cire daga sunan saboda tikitin farashin da za a tashe, da Duma ƙi da kuɗaɗen da aikin, da kuma kayan kula da shi zaci wealthiest 'yan ƙasa. Darakta da manajan zama VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, kuma KS Stanislavsky hada da darektan ta wuri da matsayi na shugaba darektan. A nagartattu suka dauka daliban da suka yi karatu aiki tare da Nemirovich-Danchenko, da kuma wadanda ba sana'a 'yan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya taka leda a productions na Stanislavsky.

The sosai farko samar da wasan kwaikwayo ya da bala'i na Tolstoy ta "Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich", wanda ya tabbatar da ya zama phenomenally nasara, kuma da sauri fadi cikin soyayya tare da masu sauraro. A karshen 1898 shi ya faru da "tsuntsun seagull" farko AP Chekhov, halshen wanda daga baya ya zama almara. Wannan kadan Teatrika ya sabo ne, asali, m da kuma haske. Har 1905, da sharhin hada kwaikwaiyo ta mawallafa da suke Sahaban da wasan kwaikwayo na musamman: AK Tolstoy, AP Chekhov, AM M, H. Ibsen, kuma daga baya suka koma da gargajiya wasanni. A shekarar 1906, a kan ta farko da yawon shakatawa a kasashen waje ya tafi zuwa ga Moscow Art Theater nagartattu (bidiyon dikodi sunansa an ba da mu sama).

A wasan kwaikwayo gini

Raguwa MAT bayyana ba a lokaci daya, a farko da aka bata da harafin "A" da kuma wasan kwaikwayo da aka kira da Moscow Art Theater. Har 1902, da {ungiyar Fasaha bai yi wa gininsu, da kuma wasanni da aka nuna a cikin takalman dakin tare da dakin 815 kujeru. Rike sets, kayayyaki, karanta da kuma shirya nazarinsa babu wuri, saboda haka akwai bukatar sauya dakin. Kudi domin gina kasance ba a matsayin MAT ba a] en da jihar da kuma biya haya don ginin owner. Akwai shi a kan kudi samu daga kudade daga tikitin tallace-tallace da kuma daga hannu da shuni. Daya daga waɗanda suka kashe a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, wani sanannen Morozov, wanda daga baya cikakken dauki kan kudi na Moscow Art Theater. Ya kula game da haya na sabon gini, ta gyara da kuma kayan aiki. A lokacin rani na 1902, daidai da watanni uku a karkashin gidan wasan kwaikwayon da aka sāke gina gidan Lianozov inda kamfanin koma a cikin kaka na 1902. A sabon ginin zauren da aka tsara don 1,200 kallo, da scene aka sanye take da wani turntable, kuma a karkashin shi matabbaci capacious Stores ga kayan ado. Labulen da aka yi da zamiya maimakon tashi, da kuma je kallon wasan cikin shahararrun alama na Moscow Art Theater - wani tsuntsun seagull, wanda soars sama da taguwar ruwa.

Soviet zamanin

Tun shekarar 1906 da wasan kwaikwayo ya fara kalubalantar sau a sakamakon bambancin ra'ayi a tsakanin Stanislavsky da Nemirovich-Danchenko. A sakamakon haka, suka ƙi su yi Co-productions, ko da yake da rata da aka ba a cikin m jam'iyya. A shekara ta 1919, da {ungiyar Fasaha, wanda ya tafi a kan yawon shakatawa a fadin lardin birane, aka yanke daga Moscow saboda yakin basasa, da kuma aka sa'an nan kuma tilasta je kasashen waje, da kuma kawai a 1921 sun kasance iya komawa.

A 1920 da wasan kwaikwayo da aka daukaka zuwa ga daraja da ilimi, kuma a maimakon ya bayyana MAT MAT raguwa.

1922 aka alama da cewa ɓangare na nagartattu na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, karkashin jagorancin K. Stanislavsky, shekaru biyu da rangadin Turai, yanke shawarar zama a kasashen waje, ba da so zuwa komawa zuwa da Tarayyar Soviet. A shekarar 1923, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko da wani reorganization na nagartattu, kamar yadda K. S. Stanislavsky yi imani da cewa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo sun rasa rai, ba neman ci gaba, kuma m abu, washe manyan kudade da kuma sun zama ma kai-m. Mutane da yawa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da aka maye gurbinsu da sabon da kuma matasa, wannan shi ne impetus ga ci gaban da Moscow Art Theater.

A sharhin da na babban wuri da aka dauka da wasa playwrights na lokaci, ko da yake na gargajiya wasanni ma ya faru, da kuma a kan tushen da wasanni sun m. Mafi shahara wasanni na zamanin kasance "kwãnukan turbines", "Armoured Train 14-69", "Crazy Day ko The Aure na Figaro." A cikin 1930s, da bambance-bambance tsakanin Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko da KS Stanislavski kai iyakar, kuma a 1934 bar Moscow Art Theater Stanislavski.

A 1932 da wasan kwaikwayo da aka sunan Maksima Gorkogo aka bai, da cewa su ne a karkashin takalifi zuwa hada a cikin sharhin da ayyukansa.

Bayan rasuwar VN Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Art Theater gudu da Arts Council.

A 1950-1960 shekaru da wasan kwaikwayo a rikicin, da rashin wani babban darektan ya kai ga cewa da gudanarwa da kansu sun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, a sakamakon mafiya yawa daga cikin plays sun ephemeral, da masu sauraro da aka bai isa ba, da shahararsa fadi, kuma a cikin gama kai da adãwa mulki.

A shekarar 1970, cikin zane-zane yan majalisa da aka nada da post na shugaban darektan O. Efremov, wanda hũra sabon rayuwa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, halshen jerin fice wasanni, da nagartattu sabunta. Lokacin da ta je Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo ta shahararsa. Abinda ya ba su ci - shi ne halin da ake ciki a cikin tawagar, wadda daga ƙarshe ta kai ga cewa akwai wani nagartattu tsaga cikin 2 sansanonin, kowanne daga abin da ta mallaka sharhin da ta darektan.

Moscow Art Theater. AP Chekhov

Ba da da ewa cleaved a rabin da nagartattu aka canza kama zuwa biyu raba gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma a sakamakon a Moscow ya biyu Moscow Art Theater. Kowannen su suna da da kansa shugaba. Mene ne Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo mai suna AP Chekhov? Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin biyu sinimomi, kafa daga tsaga. Wasan kwaikwayo mai suna AP Chekhov jagorancin Oleg Efremov. A shekarar 2000, bayan mutuwar sa, ya zama shugaban Oleg Tabakov, mariƙin na ofishin a yau. Godiya ga shi, sabunta cikin sharhin, wanda dogara ne a kan gargajiya ayyukansu sun yanzu. Kuma ya sabunta kamfanin. Yau, daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na gidan wasan kwaikwayo akwai sanannun sunaye irin K. Habensky, M. Porechenkov da yawa wasu. A shekarar 2004, sunan wasan kwaikwayo bace harafin "A", wanda yake nufin "ilimi", da kuma a yanzu shi ne ake kira da Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan Chekhov. Ko da yake na aikin sunan da aka ba su canja ba, shi ne canza kawai a kan posters. Wanne yau nufin (as fassara) MAT? Kuma kamar daidai ne kafin wasan kwaikwayo rushe - Moscow Art Academic Theater. An located a cikin Chamberlain rariya.

wasan kwaikwayo Doroninoj

Mene ne Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan M. Gorky? Wannan na biyu wasan kwaikwayo, kafa bayan tsaga a shekarar 1987. Ya shugaba shi Tatiana Doronin. Yadda tsaye da Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan M. Gorky? Amsar mai sauki ne: Moscow Art Academic wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan Maksima Gorkogo. An located a kan Tverskoy babban titi. MAT guje T. Doronina bãyukansu zuwa hadisai da suka ci gaba a wannan zamanin na Stanislavsky. A mataki ne na gargajiya guda tare da mayar da directing Nemirovich-Danchenko. The alama na Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan M. Gorky ne gull shawagi a kan taguwar ruwa.

School-Studio

Mene ne Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo School-Studio? Wannan ma'aikata na mafi girma ilimi, wanda shi ne bude a gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai suna AP Chekhov. Ga shirya domin nan gaba 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, gudanarwa, da kuma kera. Open studio makaranta ya a 1943 a kan shirin na Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. 6 watanni bayan mutuwarsa, da makaranta da aka mai suna bayan shi. Wannan kwalejin wasan kwaikwayo ne daya daga cikin mafi shahara da kuma mashahuri a kasar, akwai wuya sosai yi saboda muhimmancin gasar. Alal misali, a cikin aiki sashen na hamayya ne game da mutane 30 a wurin. Daga cikin masu digiri na Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo School mai suna bayan VN Nemirovich-Danchenko, babban yawan shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: L. Bronevoy, E. Evstigneev, T. Doronin, O. Basilashvili, A. Filozov, Vladimir Vysotsky, N. Karachentsov, E. Proklova, A ball, Mironov da sauransu.

A sharhin da na Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan M. Gorky

The masu sauraro, a kalla sau daya ziyarci Moscow Art gidan wasan kwaikwayo, domin mafi yawan bangare iznin feedback sosai m. Saboda haka, da kalmomin na sha'awa busa a cikin adireshin da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, gudanarwa, decorators. A gidan wasan kwaikwayo ne ban sha'awa kwaikwaiyo, duka biyu na gargajiya da kuma na zamani, wanda, a mafi yawan lokuta, shi ne Popular tare da jama'a. A cikin sharhin akwai kuma wasanni yara, wanda za a iya ziyarci matsayin iyali.

Yau, a cikin Productions ne sosai shahara:

• "Blue Bird".
• "Chocolate Soja".
• "Jagora, kuma Margarita".
• "Romeo Juliet".
• "Rasha vaudeville".
• "Alƙarya".
• "Vassa Zheleznov" kuma da yawa wasu.

Bayan karanta wannan labarin, babu wanda yake babu tambaya, kamar yadda tsaye (as fassara) MAT.

kamfanin

A ranar, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo ne fiye da 60 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. 18 daga cikinsu suna da lakabi na "girmama Artist na Rasha" da kuma 13 - da sunan "Mutane ta Artist na Rasha".

To, a yau bayyana mana MAT, deciphering acronyms wanda yai kama "Moscow Art Academic Theater."