Mene ne Alchemy - wani kimiyya ko sihiri? Famous alchemists

Mutãne ya kasance kullum sha'awar wani abu sufi, m, ba a sani ba. Irin wannan kimiyya, kamar yadda Alchemy tashi mai dogon lokaci, amma ban sha'awa a cikin shi ba a rasa to wannan rana. Kuma a yanzu, mutane da yawa suna mamaki da abin da yake cikin Alchemy. Bari mu fuskanci shi.

A ra'ayi da kuma jigon Alchemy

A farko jam'iyya cewa ya zo tuna da talakawan mutum, idan ya ji, maganar "Alchemy" - sihiri. Amma a gaskiya shi ne wani occult kimiyya wanda ya nuna yadda za a kai jigon duk data kasance abubuwa. Mutane da yawa la'akari da shi a pseudoscience, wanda ke mayar da hankali a kan yadda za a fita daga cikin talakawa karfe ake kira alchemical zinariya, kuma a cikin wannan hanya don azurta kansu. Mutane da yawa likitoci alchemists gaske sanya kanmu da burin na enrichment, amma ainihin ma'anar Alchemy ya fahimci ainihin mutumin da duniya. Wadannan alchemists saboda falsafar gani yabon da hadin kan duniya jayayya da cewa sun dauki bangare a cikin cosmic aiwatar da halittar.

Sauran kungiyoyin na mutane da kalmar "Alchemy" - da potion. Kuma wani ji a cikin wannan da gaske ne. A Alchemy aikata blending da daban-daban sinadaran. Babban jigon wannan kimiyya ne cewa duk da cewa akwai aka motsi da kuma jajirce wajen bunkasa.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na kalmar "Alchemy"

Amsa tambaya, abin da yake Alchemy, dole ne ka san tarihin asalin wannan kimiyya. An yi imani da cewa da farko cewa kimiyya ta faro a cikin tarihin duniya: Girka, Roma, kuma Misira, sa'an nan shi a yada wa Gabas. Ba shi yiwuwa a ce cewa kalmar tana nufin, saboda yana da yawa asalinsu. A farko version da shawara cewa Alchemy zo daga kalmar Chymeia, wanda ke nufin "da tura", "zuba". Wannan kalma tana nufin da al'adar da yawa tsoho likitoci. A cewar wani version, da sunan zo daga kalmar Khem, wanda alama ce ta da baki ƙasa kasa (Misira). Ancient Greek kafofin nuna asalin kalmomin "a Human" da "hemevsis" - simintin, hadawa kwarara.

Fage, da manufofin masu Alchemy

Alchemy yana da uku main ayyuka:

1. Samun wata hanya ta samun zinariya daga tushe karafa, to azurta kansu da kuma samun ikon.
2. Cimma rashin mutuwa.
3. Samun farin ciki.

Dalili na Alchemy ne don amfani da hudu na asali abubuwa. A cewar wannan ka'idar, Plato ci gaba da Aristotle duniya Demiurgos halitta wadda ta fara abu na kashi 4 halitta abubuwa: ruwa, ƙasa, wuta, iska. Alchemists kara wa wadannan abubuwa ne uku mafi: Mercury, sulfur da gishiri. Mercury - mata, sulfur - namiji gishiri - motsi. Saboda da mix na duk wadannan abubuwa a cikin wani daban-daban domin shi ne cimma transmutation. A sakamakon transmutation kamata samun da Hadishi ta Stone, wanda kuma ake kira da elixir dawwama. Mafi sau da yawa sami wannan elixir ne babban burin da yawa alchemists. Amma kafin samun da coveted elixir, a real alchemist dole fahimta da gaskiya ta ruhaniya yanayi. In ba haka ba shi ba ya aiki don samun coveted Falsafa ta dutse.

Alchemical juyin halitta da kuma matakai da karafa a cikin zinariya

Famous alchemists dangane da shekaru masu yawa na tattaunawa da kuma karatu sun gano cewa daga farkon duk da karafa sun daraja, amma a kan lokaci da wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance baki, Heart, abu don su wulakantattun.

Akwai da dama babban matakai na canji na tushe karafa a cikin m:

1. Calcinatio - wannan lokaci ya shafi cikin renunciation dukkan abubuwan duniya, daga dukan sirri bukatun.
2. Putrefactio - wannan mataki qunshi detaching cikin turɓãya corruptible.
3. Solutio - alama ce ta tsarkakewa al'amura.
4. Distillatio - shawara dukkan tsaftacewa kayan abubuwa.
5. Coincidentia oppositorum - fili sabani mamaki.
6. Sublimation - suturta azãba bayan kin amincewa da rãyuwar so ga ruhaniya.
7. Ilimin falsafa hardening - Hada da ka'idodinta lightness da kuma natsuwa.

Juyin Halitta daga Alchemy ne cewa duk ratsa kanta, ko da shi ya kawo babban lahani, sa'an nan bukatar da za a mayar da da taimako na makamashi da cewa samu a baya mataki.

babban alchemists

All alchemists kokarin amsa tambayar, abin da yake Alchemy. Wannan kimiyya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin 'yan adam. Mutane da yawa da masana falsafa yi tunanin cewa Alchemy yana da yawa da ya yi tare da tunani. Wannan kimiyya taimaka wani mutum ya bude up a matsayin mutum kuma cimma da su na sirri ruhaniya a raga. Mutane da yawa tsunduma a Alchemy daga farkon kafuwar ta. Amma da muhimmiyar rawa da aka buga ta da alchemists na tsakiyar zamanai.

Daya daga cikin shahararrun alchemists gaskiya dauke Nicolas Flamel (rayu 1330-1418). Nikola aka haife shi a wani sosai matalauta iyali, a cikin samartaka, ya tafi zuwa Paris don zama a magatakarda. Ta auri wani tsofaffi lady wanda ya kadan babban birnin kasar da kuma 'yan shaguna da bude. Flamel yanke shawarar fara sayar da littattafai. Ya alchemical aiki ya fara da godiya ga mafarki a cikin abin da wani malã'ika nuna Flamel littafin, wanda ya ƙunshi dukan gaibin. Ya samu cikin littafin da ya fara karatu shi aniya. Shi ne ba a sani ba yadda ya iya fahimta duk da gaskiya, amma kawai bayan shekaru uku da alchemist gudanar a samu da Sihiri ta Stone, kuma ku bãyar da al'ada Mercury a azurfa, kuma bayan wani lokaci, da zinariya. An fara daga 1382, Nicolas Flamel ya zama mai arziki, ya sayi ƙasar a gida. Na tsunduma a sadaka aikin da kawai ya kudi. Jita-jita da ya shahararre arziki suka zo wurin sarki, amma tare da taimakon cin hanci Flamel iya boye dũkiyõyinsu daga sarki. A 1418, alchemist mutu. Amma an ce cewa ban da zinariya da azurfa Nikola yagane asirin da rai marar mutuwa. Ya wanda aka ƙãga kansa mutuwa, kuma shi da matarsa tafi a kan tafiya.

Alchemist Paracelsus: Summary

Wani daidai shahara alchemist Paracelsus ya (rayu 1493-1541). Wannan mutumin ya shahara likita, kuma da yawa inkarin rawa a Alchemy. Pratsels kokarin nemo Falsafa ta dutse ba, amma bai yi imani da cewa zai iya juya tushe karfe cikin zinariya. Alchemist ya aka bukata domin ya fahimtar sirrin dawwama da ya haifar da magunguna. Pratsels yi imani da cewa kowane mutum zai iya yi wani abu da yake ba a karkashin ikon yanayi, kana bukatar kawai lokaci da kuma kokarin. Medicine gare yawa Pratselsu. Yana da wannan likita ƙaryata da ka'idar cewa epileptics an damu da wani irin mugayen ruhohi. The masanin kimiyya ce cewa ya gudanar ya halicci Hadishi ta Stone, kuma shĩ ne m, amma ya mutu bayan fadowa daga wani tsawo, sa'ad da yake da shekara 48.

Denis Zasher: Summary

Denis Zasher (rayu 1510-1556). Na haife shi a wani fairly m iyali. A samartaka, ya tafi zuwa ga University of Bordeaux a nazarin falsafar. Ya shawarta juya alchemist wanda ya haɗe da matasa Guy ga wannan kimiyya. Tare da shawarta su duba da kuma duba duk sabon da kuma sabon girke-girke na Alchemy. Amma lokacin da sake kasa. Kudi daga Zashera sauri ya gaza, don haka sai ya tafi gida da kuma aza wa dukiyarsa. Amma da kwarewa ba ya aiki, da kuma kudi kawai gudana ta yatsunsu. Denis ya yi niyyar zuwa Paris, inda ya shafe shekaru da dama a cikin kawaicin da nake yi, karatu falsafa da kuma Alchemy girke-girke. A 1550, har yanzu yana gudanar da su sa da Mercury daraja karfe - zinariya. Denis ya duka basusuka da suka tafi Jamus, inda ya so ya rayu mai tsawo da kuma m rayuwa. Amma dangi kashe shi yayin da ya barci, kuma bar shi da matarsa.

Seefeld: Summary

Na dogon lokaci game da wannan alchemist shi san sosai kadan bayanai. Tun suna yara, m na Seefeld da kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a Alchemy. Hakika, ya yi aiki kadan, kuma daga kõwane zuba yi izgili gare shi. Sa'an nan, ya bar suka koma Austria kawai shekaru goma da haihuwa, ya kuwa zauna a wani karamin gari a cikin wannan iyali, wanda ya yarda da shi. A ra'ayi shi nuna wani mai gida kamar yadda koya cire zinariya daga al'ada karafa. Ba da da ewa dukan garin san Seefeld real alchemist. Game da irin abubuwan da na koya Sarkin sarakuna da kuma yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai a kurkuku saboda zamba. Seefeld amma nan da nan yafe, amma da sharadin cewa shi zai ci gaba da gwaje-gwajen da na sarki. Amma bayan wani lokaci Seefeld tsere daga kasar, da kuma ba wanda ya san mafi game da rabo. Ya zahiri bace a cikin bakin ciki iska.

Godiya ga sama bayani, shi ya zama yawa bayarda cewa irin wannan Alchemy, abin da yake da yanayi da kuma abin da ya kasance.