Mawallafin Borodin AP: ilimin lissafi, kerawa, hoto

Wani mutum na musamman - Alexander Borodin, marubuci da masanin kimiyya a cikin mutum daya. Ya ci gaba da nasara a bangarori guda biyu na aiki, wanda yake da wuya. Rayuwarsa misali ne na mai da hankali da kuma ƙauna mai yawa ga dukan kerawa.

Iyali da yara

Nuwamba 12 1833, a St. Petersburg da aka haifi wani yaro, shi ne sakamakon wani extramarital al'amari Prince Luka Stepanovich Gedianova da commoner Avdotya Konstantinovna Antonova. A lokacin haihuwar dan, mahaifinsa yana da shekaru 62, kuma mahaifiyar - 25, ba za su iya yin aure ba sabili da bambancin bambanci, kuma don gane dan yaro ba zai yiwu ba. Saboda haka, ya rubuta a matsayin dan serfs Gedianov. Ta haka ne ya bayyana mawaki mai zuwa Borodin Alexander Porfirievich. Har zuwa shekaru 8 an lasafta shi a matsayin mallakar ubansa, amma a sa'a, kafin ya mutu, ya ci gaba da ba shi kyauta. Ya kuma saya wa mahaifiyarsa dansa, ya yi aure ga likitan Kleineke, kuma yaron ya zama babban dutse a benaye 4 kuma ya ba su dadi. A 1840, Gedianov ya tafi, amma wannan bai shafi jin dadin ɗansa ba.

Asali na asali ba ya yarda Alexander ya yi karatu a gymnasium, saboda haka ya sami ilimi a gida. Mahaifiyarsa ta mayar da hankali sosai ga wannan, kuma malamai masu kyau sun zo wurinsa, ya yi nazarin harsuna biyu na kasashen waje kuma ya sami kyakkyawan ilimin, wanda ya ba shi damar samun nasara a cikin jarrabawa a 1850. Duk da haka, kafin wannan, mahaifiyarsa da kakanta sun "halatta" yaron, sai suka juya zuwa Kleineke kuma sun iya rikodin yarinyar a cikin kundin cinikin, amma wannan ya sa Borodino ya gama gymnasium kuma daga bisani ya zama dan jarida a asibitin Medical and Academy na St. Petersburg.

Ƙari ga kiɗa

Lokacin da yake da shekaru 8, Sasha matasan ya fara nuna sha'awar kiɗa, ya iya buga wasan kwaikwayon na piano da ya ji a kusa da gidan, a kan farar hula, inda dakarun sojan ke yi maimaitawa. Ya duba da hankali sosai ga duk kayan kida, ya tambayi mutanen da suke wasa da su. Uwar ta kula da wannan, kuma ko da yake ta kanta ba ta da wani zaɓi da kwarewa na musika, sai ta gayyaci wani mai kida daga ƙungiyar makaɗa da mayaƙa a gare shi, kuma ya koya Sasha ta sauti.

Bayan haka, an koya wa yaron ya yi wasa da piano, kuma ya gudanar da karatun cello na kansa. Yayinda yake da shekaru 9, abubuwan kirkirarsa na farko sun bayyana. Sasha Borodin, marubuci ne ta dabi'a, ya hada polka "Helen" ga matasan. Tare da ɗan makaranta, ya ziyarci kide-kide da wake-wake da kide-kide a St. Petersburg, ya koyi kodayake, ya rubuta wani ɗan gajeren, misali, ya rubuta waƙa don busa, violin da cello dangane da opera "Robert-Devil" by Meyerbeer. Matasa Alexander Borodin marubuci ne daga Allah, amma ba kawai yana sha'awar kiɗa ba. Yana da sha'awar da yawa, yana so ya zana, zane, amma mafi girma sha'awar tun yana yara shi ne ilmin sunadarai.

Binciken Kimiyya

Tuni yana da shekaru 12, mai zuwa Borodin mai zuwa zai hadu da rayuwarsa ta biyu - tare da kimiyya. An fara ne tare da wasan wuta, kamar yara masu yawa, Sasha ya ji daɗin wannan hasken wuta, amma yana so ya yi su da hannunsa. Ya so ya shiga cikin abun da ke ciki, shi kansa yayi fenti don zane, hade da wasu kwayoyi. Gidan jaririyar 'yan jari-hujja ya cika da walƙiya da raye-raye. Mahaifiyar ta damu da lafiyar gidan, amma ba zai hana shi yin gwaje-gwaje ba. Canjin maƙarƙashiya na mafita, sunadarai sunadarai sunadarai Sasha Borodin, kuma ba zai yiwu ya hana shi sha'awar ba. A ƙarshen makaranta, sha'awar kimiyya ta nuna ƙauna ga kiɗa, kuma Borodin ya fara shirya don shiga jami'a.

Ya samu nasara a cikin jarrabawar, kuma mai tsara mai zuwa Borodin ya zama dalibi na Cibiyar Nazarin Medicico-Academy, wadda ta kasance gida ta biyu a gare shi. A cikin rayuwarsa ta ƙarshe ya haɗu da ita. Ganawar da Farfesa Zinin ya yi wa Alexander, yana ganin ya sami mahaifinsa. Ya yi wahayi zuwa ga] alibi don nazarin kimiyya kuma ya taimaka masa ya fahimci asirin ilmin kimiyya. A shekara ta 1856, Borodin ya kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandaren kuma an sanya shi zuwa asibitin soja. Yin aiki a matsayin likita, ya rubuta takarda kuma a 1858 ya sami digiri a magani. Amma duk wannan lokaci bai bar masana'antu da kiɗa ba.

Kwarewar waje

A shekara ta 1859, an aiko AP Borodin, marubuci, likita da kuma masanin kimiyya a kasashen waje don inganta halayensa a fannin ilmin sunadarai. Shekaru uku, Alexander Porfirievich ya yi amfani da shi a Jamus Heidelberg, jami'ar wanda a wancan lokaci ya tara wata ilimin kimiyya na Rasha: Mendeleev, Junge, Botkin, Sechenov - launi duka na kimiyya na zamani na Rasha. A cikin wannan al'umma ba kawai tattaunawar kimiyya mai tsanani ba ne aka gudanar, amma har yanzu an tattauna matsalolin fasaha, al'umma, da siyasa. Sakamakon bincike a Jamus ya kawo Borodin a matsayin sanannun ƙwararrun chemist. Amma bayan nazarin kimiyya bai manta game da kiɗa ba, ya ziyarci wasan kwaikwayo, ya san sababbin suna - Weber, List, Wagner, Berlioz, Mendelssohn, ya zama mai sha'awar Schumann da Chopin. Bugu da ƙari, Borodin ya ci gaba da rubuta waƙa, daga ƙarƙashin alƙalansa ya zo da dama ɗakunan ayyuka, ciki har da sanannen sonata ga cello da quintet ga piano. Alexander Porfirievich ya yi tafiya sosai a Turai, ya kusan kusan shekara guda a birnin Paris, inda ya san asirin ilmin sunadarai kuma ya cika kansa a duniya na kiɗa na zamani.

Chemistry a matsayin batun rayuwa

All biography na Borodin, da mawaki da sadaukarwa, shi ne a hankali related to kimiyya. Ya dawo daga ƙasashen waje, ya samu rahotanni game da bincike da aka gudanar kuma ya sami malamin farfesa a cikin almajiransa. Matsayin kuɗin Borodin ba shi da kyau, aikin albashin malamin ya rufe ainihin bukatunsa. Ya ci gaba da koyarwa a makarantar kimiyya har tsawon rayuwarsa, kuma ya sami kudi ta hanyar fassarar. Ya kuma shiga cikin bincike na kimiyya. A shekara ta 1864 ya sami lakabin malamin farfesa, bayan shekaru 10 ya zama shugaban cibiyar kimiyyar kimiyya don ilmin sunadarai. A shekara ta 1868 Borodin tare da malaminsa Zinin ya zama masanin kamfanin Rasha Chemical. A shekara ta 1877 ya zama malamin kimiyya a jami'arsa, a shekarar 1883 an zabe shi dan takarar dan kungiyar Rasha na likitoci.

Saboda rayuwarsa na kimiyya, Borodin ya wallafa litattafan bincike 40, ya yi bincike da yawa, musamman ma batun bromine, wanda ake kira bayansa, ya kafa tushe na ka'idar robobi na zamani.

Hanya cikin kiɗa

Ko da a cikin daliban dalibai, Alexander Borodin, dan Rasha ne, ya kirkiro wasu ayyuka masu ban mamaki, kuma yana taka rawa a matsayin mai tantanin halitta. Ya ci gaba da nazarin kiɗa da kuma lokacin horo na kasashen waje. Kuma ya dawo Rasha, ya shiga ƙungiyar masu ilimi, jin dadin kiɗa. A cikin gidan abokin aiki na Botkin, ya sadu da Balakirev, wanda, tare da Stasov, ya rinjayi kwarewarsa ta duniya. Ya gabatar da Borodin cikin ƙungiya mai suna Mussorgsky, wanda, tare da zuwan mai rubutawa, ya sami takarda da aka kammala sannan daga bisani ya zama sanannun "Mighty Bunch". Mawallafin Borodin ya zama mai maye gurbin hadisai na makarantar kasar Rasha, Mr. Glinka.

Opera kerawa

Don rayuwar rayuwarsa, wadda ke da alaƙa da sauran ayyukan, Alexander Porfirevich ya rubuta ayyukan manyan ayyuka hudu.

Wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na mai rubutawa Borodin shine 'ya'yan shekaru masu yawa na aikinsa. Ya rubuta "Bogatyrs" a 1868. Daga baya a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu tare da wasu marubuta sun bayyana "Mlada." Shekaru 18 ya yi aiki a kan halittarsa mafi girma - opera "Prince Igor" don "Lay of Igor's Campaign", wanda bai iya kammala ba, kuma bayan mutuwarsa ayyukansa sun tattara daga hotunansa daga abokansa. Aikin kwaikwayon Tsar Bride ba a kammala ba, kuma a gaskiya ma kawai wani zane ne kawai.

Ƙungiyar Chamber

Maƙarƙan mawaƙin Borodin ne mafi yawancin wakiltar wakilai, ya rubuta sonatas, wasan kwaikwayo da maƙalai. An dauke shi tare da Tchaikovsky wanda ya kafa rukuni na Rasha. Ya bambanta ta hanyar hada-hadar lyric da tsohuwar fata, yana haɗaka da sikelin, yana yin amfani da kullun gargajiya na rukuni na Rasha, amma kuma ya dace da kiɗa na Yammacin Yammacin Turai, an dauke shi a matsayin mahalarta ra'ayi na Turai.

Ayyuka masu ban mamaki

Mai ba da labari: Borodin ya shahara ga yawancin halittunsa. Shirin Symphony na farko Es-dur, wanda aka rubuta a 1866, ya gigice masu zamani tare da ikonsa, asali da kuma haskakawa, ya kawo sanannen mawakan Turai. Dukkanin uku sun gama hotunan Borodin su ne lu'u-lu'u na kiɗa na Rasha. Wakokin wasan kwaikwayo na Borodin "Prince Igor" da kuma "Tsar Bride" suna shahararrun duniya. A cikinsu shi ne ya haɗa duk mafi kyawun abin da yake a cikin harshen Rasha, ya haifar da hoto mai kyau na tarihin tarihin Rasha.

Halitta na mai kirkiro Borodin ba shi da yawa, amma kowane aiki na ainihi ne. Ana yin waƙarsa ta magunguna ta zamani. Kuma "Prince Igor" yana cikin tarihin duk gidan wasan opera na Rasha.

Ayyukan Al'umma

Sunan mai rubutawa Borodin yana da alaƙa da haɗin aikin pedagogical. Almajiran suna sha'awar farfesa a cikin sha'awar sunadarai. Ya kasance a shirye-shirye don taimaka wa yara maras kyau, an rarrabe shi ta hanyar kirki da jin dadi. Ya kare dalibai daga zalunci siyasa, alal misali, yana tallafa wa masu halartar yunkurin kisan Gwamna Alexander II.

Bugu da ƙari, ilimin pedagogy, Borodin ya shirya makarantar kiɗa kyauta, yana taimaka wa matasa matasa su sami hanyar shiga cikin kiɗa. Borodin yana ciyar da albarkatu mai yawa don samar da dama ga mata su karbi ilimi mafi girma, suna shirya koyarwar likita na mata, wanda suke koyarwa kyauta. Har ila yau, ya sarrafa wa] ansu] aliban] alibai, ya shirya wani shahararren kimiyya mai suna Znanie.

Rayuwa na sirri

Mawallafi Borodin, wanda ɗan littafinsa na taƙaice ya gabatar a cikin labarin, ya kasance mai cin gashin ilimin kimiyya mai zurfi. Kuma a cikin rayuwar iyali bai kasance cikakke ba. Tare da matarsa, ya sadu a yayin da yake tafiyar kasuwanci a kasashen waje. Sun yi aure ne kawai a shekara ta 1863, matarsa ta sami ciwon sukari kuma ta yi haƙuri a yanayin yanayin St. Petersburg, sau da yawa ya tafi wurin yankuna masu dumi, wanda ya raunana matakan iyali. Ma'aurata ba su da 'ya'ya, amma sun dauki' ya'ya da dama, wanda Borodin yayi la'akari da su 'ya'ya mata.

Wani mummunan rayuwa mai tsanani ya raunana lafiyar Borodin. Ya tsage tsakanin kwarewa, kimiyya da sabis, kuma zuciyarsa ba zai iya tsayawa irin wannan nauyin ba. Ranar Fabrairu 27, 1887, ya mutu a kwatsam. Bayan tafiyarsa, Rimsky-Korsakov ya kammala "Prince Igor" kuma ya tattara duk wani abu mai ban sha'awa na babban wakilin Rasha.