Mariya Ermolova: biography, kerawa

Mariya Nikolaevna Ermolova - Star Rasha wasan kwaikwayo scene ne sananne ga ta ban mamaki iyawa. Ta rayuwa da aka subordinated zuwa sabis na gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ta dukan hanya - shi ne misali na sadaukarwa soyayya na art.

Ƙananan yara, nan gaba star

Yuli 15, 1853 An haife starlet scene Maria Yermolov. Biography of actress fara a cikin iyali alaka da wasan kwaikwayo: kakanta ya sau daya a serf violin a sarakuna Volkonsky, domin ya ayyuka, ya samu 'yanci da kuma sauran rayuwarsa ya yi aiki a cikin tufafi na Maly gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da yarinya mahaifin aka sa a can kamar yadda a prompter. Saboda haka, ta na da tun suna yara shiga cikin rayuwar Backstage. Neman a scene daga prompter ta akwatin, ta hakikance cewa, za ta zama mafi actress. Ta na da 4 years old aka wasa a gaban madubi daban-daban al'amuran, kuma iyaye ne maraba.

Uba Yermolova ya nutty da kuma m hali, ya karanta abubuwa da yawa, fentin, rubuta wakoki da kuma plays. Amma shi ne mai wuya hali, yara da suka fito a matsananci rigor, ya yiwuwa ga m, sakamakon fushi a kan trifles. Wannan ya rinjayi hali na 'yarsa, wanda duk rayuwarsa abar tsõro jama'a a manyan, ya sosai suna fadin da kuma unpretentious.

Nazarin da mafarkai

Yermolova iyali yana daga cikin matalauta, sosai zabi, inda ya yi nazarin, da yarinya ba a can. Uba yi imani da cewa ya kamata yara su yaro samun used da wahalhalu na rayuwa, da kuma musamman bai damu ba game da su jin daxi. A yarinya ba ma ABC, ta koya karanta kwaikwaiyo, wanda jingim a kan mahaifinsa tebur. A 9 shekara yaro, shi aka yanke shawarar aika zuwa karatu a Moscow wasan kwaikwayo School, akwai free, "mallakar gwamnati" wuri a rawa sashen, inda Yermolov sa suna. Kuma ya fara da mafi wuya shekaru na rayuwar ta. Dance iyawa, Maria aka ba, kowane darasi da ya faru azabtarwa ga ta, amma malamai da kuma takwarorinsu lura ta m damar iya yin komai.

A shekaru 13, mahaifin ya iya shirya wani 'yar ta farko outing a kan wani ban mamaki ya faru, ta ba da wani rawa a cikin farce "Ten bakin hijabi da kuma wani ango" a Maly Theater. Image Fanshetty Yermolova ya ba kusa, da kuma nasarar da ta, a Bugu da kari, sanannen actor Samarin shige jumla: "Kada shi ba ya zama wani actress."

Amma wannan bai hana Maria mafarki na ban mamaki ya faru, ya san duk kwaikwaiyo da cewa sun kasance a Maly gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ya tabbata daga sadaukarwa, ko da abin. Kuma taurin ci gaba da bunkasa da sana'a na wani yar rawa.

nasara a wasansa na farko

Marii Ermolovoy Yunƙurin ya ba iya faɗi kuma sa ran. Hatsari a shekaru 16 ta samu damar bayyana a kan mataki na Maly wasan kwaikwayo a ban mamaki rawa. N. Medvedev raw wasan kwaikwayo shirya domin Benefis da gaggawa neman canji na xauke da cuta G. Fedotova a cikin wasan kwaikwayon na Lessing "Emilia Galotti" da kuma classmate Mary shawarci ta takarar. debutante nasara ya wuce duk tsammanin, da masu sauraro da aka gigice da m mai juyayi na matasa actress. Ta aka kirã su zuwa ga ruku'u 12 sau, shi ya abar ƙyãma na ga wani debutant. Yermolov kanta a cikin diary: "Ina farin ciki a yau." Amma nasara halarta a karon bai dakatar da m darussa a rawa, shekaru biyu da ta yi don kammala karatun su a makaranta da kuma kawai bayan ta kammala shiga da ake so hanyar ban mamaki actress.

Wasan kwaikwayo - rabo

Nan da nan bayan barin makaranta Yermolov aka shigar da shi nagartattu na Maly Theater. Amma da wasan kwaikwayo management ya gamsu da cewa matasa actress ne mafi kyau comedy rawa, kuma ta a farko ba da muhimmancin kawai a vaudeville. Ta taka leda a frivolous matasa 'yan mata, tunzura su a mafi zurfin da tsanani fiye da artist asali nufin. Duk da haka, da muhimmancin Masha a "bautar maza," Marta a "The Tsar ta Bride" Emma ta "m iyali," Lida a "Wedding Krechinsky" Marianne a "Tartuffe" ya zama mata mai kyau farko. Domin matsayin Maria Nikolaevna kusanta sosai tsanani na dogon lokaci neman hali dabiu, to zaton na image juna. A farko shekaru uku a gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya fara karatun mata lokaci, ta dauka fasaha, don gane su m.

A nasara a wasansa na farko da kuma farko rawa muhimmanci wahalad da rai Yermolova a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, a farko, ta kewaye da hassada da kuma malevolence. Yana da wuya shige zuwa cikin kamfanin ma saboda ya m yanayi. Ta yi mai yawa na goyon bayan Shchepkin iyali, dangi daga cikin shahararrun actor. Su gida da aka je Moscow kawo dukkan, da Maryamu ya iya kawo mai yawa da amfani da lambobi da za su taimake ta a nan gaba.

Talent ban tausayi actress

A hankali, da 'yan fim nuna ikon iyawa Yermolova kuma yana karantar da ta fi tsanani matsayin. A 1873, ta yi sa'a da isasshen aiki a kan image na Catherine a "Storm" A. I. Ostrovskogo, ta shafe shekaru da dama kammala da honing wannan rawa, suna kawo su kammala. Talent yana da girma, da kuma actor yana samun kwarewa, to yabanya a cike da karfi. Sai da na ɗauki tsawon shekaru shida kafin a Maly Theater haskaka a duk da karfi da gaskiya sabon star - Maria Yermolov. Actress a 1876, ya shiga cikin wani m siffar da kuma shi ne cikakke ga wani amfani. Musamman habitue daga cikin da'irar a Shchepkin Sergey Yuryev ga shi fassara play da Lope de Vega ta "Tumaki source" rawa a Lawrence wanda shi ne manufa domin irin wannan taron. A play wata babbar nasara, da m taron da An katange hanya, da kuma maimakon dawakai da aka tuki ta karusa zuwa cikin gidan, sa'an nan Ya sanya actress a wani gidan a kan hannaye.

Wannan shi ne farkon mai farin ciki band a cikin rãyuwar Marii Ermolovoy. Shi ya buɗe wani sabon babi a cikin Maly Theater - zamanin da romance. Ta lyrical kyauta gane sarai a irin wannan matsayin kamar yadda Ophelia, Desdemona, Esterel a cikin "Star na Seville", Elisabeth a "Don Carlos."

Amma mafi girma daukakar Marii Ermolovoy sanya ban tausayi da ban mamaki matsayin, da suka bũɗe da cikar ta iyawa. Phaedra, Sappho, Lady Macbeth buga da actress farin masu sauraro da kuma masu sukar. Sun saukar ta ainihi to cikakkiyar.

Da taba da zamani drama

A ƙarshen 80s da 90s na karni na 19th Yermolov Maria ya jũya zuwa ga zamani repertoire, wanda ba ya bukatar da bege da kuma pathos muhimmi a cikin classic abu. Ga girmamawa da yake a yau da kullum jigogi da idon basira haruffa. New fuskoki dabam-dabam na iyawa Yermolova bayyana a cikin plays na Rasha playwrights A. N. Ostrovskogo, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, AI Sumbatov-Ugine, M. I. Chaykovskogo, A. S. Suvorina. Yana ba kawai yayi kansa a hanya mai kayu, amma kuma tana nufin korau haruffa.

A karshe shekaru na wani aiki

Daga cikin 1910s zuwa sana'a aiki na actress ya canza, ya saba repertoire, ta daina so a yi wasa saboda tsufa. Mariya Ermolova aka tilasta koma zuwa matsayin na iyaye mata da kuma mata. Amma a wannan lokacin, ta yi m nasarorin, wanda sun hada da rawar da Sarauniya Marta a Ostrovsky ta "Dmitry da ƙãƙalen faɗarsa da Vasily Shumsky" Mamelfy Dmitrievny a cikin "magajin" A. K. Tolstogo, Fru Alving a Ibsen ta "rage".

A 1920, magnificently yi bikin 50th tunawa da ta m aiki, da Soviet gwamnatin sanya shi da lakabi na jama'ar kasar Artist na Jamhuriyar, shi ne na farko da actress a tarihi ya sami irin wannan take. A Soviet gwamnati a 70s na karni na 20th jirgin kaddamar "Mariya Ermolova", wanda ya ba da sunan da wani dukan ajin na fasinja jirgin.

A shekarar 1923, ta hukumance bar mataki. Amma ci gaba da ba kide a matsayin makarancin wakoki, ya gana da masu sauraro.

mafi kyau matsayin

Actress Yermolov Maria Nikolaevna yana da wani iko da ban tausayi iyawa, ga rayuwarsa na aiwatuwa a kan mataki fiye da 300 images. Amma ta babban rawa sukar sun kira Joan na Arc a "Maid na Orleans" Schiller. Wannan wasa da shi har shekaru da yawa zuwa "doke" daga yin katsalandan, kuma kawai a 1884 za a yi wasannin da izinin da aka sanya. A lokacin na gaba shekaru 18, da nuna ba su tafi ba a kan mataki, da kuma Yermolov a shi kawai tsiwirwirinsu lokacinta. Daga cikin mafi kyau matsayin kuma sun hada da: Negin a cikin "Basirar da kuma Raya Makon" Ostrovsky, Kruchinina a kansa play "Guilty Ba tare da laifin" Mary Stuart a Schiller ta play, Phaedra Racine, Hermione a Shakespeare "Winter ta Tale."

Marii Ermolovoy wasan kwaikwayo - wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo kwarewa da kuma dives. Ta} unshi wani tsarin na K. S. Stanislavskogo.

Tsarki ya tabbata actress da aka sani a yau kawai da ya Sahaban, Marii Ermolovoy photos ba kai duk ta sihiri baiwa da kuma ta wasanni a kan fim da aka ba fim. Duk da haka, an san cewa ta burge masu sauraro zurfin da ƙarfin kwarewa, ya iya bayyana mafi dabara ƙungiyoyi na rai da ruhu.

sirrinka

All Sahaban da'awar cewa Yermolov ta rayuwa ya kasance suna fadin da kuma unassuming mutum, ta bai nemi luxuries, jingine kananan. Saboda haka, daga cikin kayan ado a kan shi iya kawai a gani kirtani na lu'u-lu'u, daga tufafin ta fĩfĩta bayyana baki dress. A cikin gidan shi ne ƙwarai, mai gintsẽwa muhalli, shi ne kawai ado da furanni bayar da da masu sauraro.

Yermolov aure Nikolaya Shubinskogo ko da a wani matasa shekaru to mai girma soyayya, abin da sauri dissipated, da kuma samu wani gagarumin dissimilarity na haruffa da kuma halaye na maza. Amma Mariya Nikolaevna Ermolova rayuwa ci gaba da rayuwa tare da rashin kauna mutum ga 'yarsa. Sahaban ce cewa da aka daga baya biyar musu da ƙauna mai girma tare da wani masanin kimiyyar rayuwa a Turai. Yermolov amma bai yi kuskure to auren ba.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da rayuwa ta da yawa farin ciki tsĩrar jikan Nick, da wanda ta kashe da yawa daga lokacin. 12 a kan Maris 1928 ya rasu mai girma Rasha actress Yermolov Maria Nikolaevna.