Mamaev Kurgan a Volgograd. Mamayev Hill - Tarihi

Our kasar na da musamman a kan wani m tarihi, wanda aka nuna a cikin gine-gine da shafukan, memorials, Monuments. Wurare da dama ne muhimmi ga duk na kasa da kasa yawan jama'a na Rasha Federation, wadannan sun hada da Mamayev Kurgan a Volgograd. A tarihin na yi na tunawa hadaddun ne ya cancanci taron, a cikin wanda daraja aka gina shi.

Mamaev kurgan

A cewar masana kimiyya da dama da kuma mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin Volgograd, wani bakon wuri yana da wuya a kwatanta. Don me wannan kadan tudun da'awar haka da yawa nasara cewa janyo hankalin su a cikin ƙasar, wanda taimaka mata kare, kuma me ya sa haka manyan mai yawan auku a kan cewa tudun? A yawa na asiri, da camfin da kewaye yankin da kuma tunawa da kanta.

Inda ya yi da sunan "Mamayev Kurgan"? A tarihin wannan tambaya ba ya bayar da amsar bayyananne. Akwai da dama versions, kowanne daga abin yana da magoya bayan. Mafi na kowa ne sunan dake hade da Khan na Golden taro, Mamai. Wannan ka'idar ta dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa a kan wani dutse kufaifan Tatars. Sau da yawa bayyana ta rabe-version of sunan, da yan unguwa da ake kira da tsawo daga cikin "hump" a cikin harshen da Volga Tatars kalmar furta a matsayin "Mama". Wani jarrabawa fassara fassarar da kalmar "Mama" da drevnetibetskogo a matsayin "uwa na duniya."

Height 102,0 - kamar yadda aka kira a lokacin da ya fi ban tausayi events na yakin duniya na biyu. Daya daga cikin 'yan jarida da ake kira da tudun "tudun", da waɗanda kalmomi sun annabci. Yau ne shi a kabari. A cikin wani hali, Mamaev Kurgan a Volgograd - wani wuri ba kawai ga duniya shahara, amma kuma gagarumin domin da yawa daga Rasha mutane.

A tarihin na tudun

Volgograd Monuments zauna a wuri na musamman a tarihin mu sansanonin soja, musamman da babban tunawa hadaddun sadaukar da girma da kuma jini events na yakin duniya na biyu. A lokacin yakin Stalingrad ya tsawo na 102 yana kokarin muhimmanci abu, shi ne sau da yawa ya wuce daga daya hannunka zuwa wani adawa. Wannan shi ne saboda da Gwargwadon wuri na tudun - shi hasumiyai a kan dukan ƙasa, kyale ka don sarrafa ba kawai birni amma kuma mararraba na Volga, da kuma Trans-Volga.

Yaƙi domin Mamayev Kurgan shine muni a cikin tarihin na yaƙe-yaƙe. Yana dade 135 kwanaki, da kuma yaƙi domin Stalingrad - 200 kwana da dare. A karshe nasara a wannan yaki da aka lashe ta Soviet sojojin, an alama ta kama na 102 da kuma tsawo daga tutar hoisting. A nasara a Stalingrad wani sauyi a yaki, da muhimmancin da kuma abin da ya nuna da bala'i na tunawa hadaddun "Mahaifa, mahaifiyata".

Mamaev Kurgan zama binne wurin fiye da 34 da mutane dubu da suka mutu a cikin tsaro na Stalingrad da kewaye yankin. Bayan da yaki, wannan ya konu da riddled da harsasai, bawo kasa na dogon lokaci aiki a matsayin wani abin tunawa ga jaruntakar events da kuma duk wadanda suka mutu ga mahaifarsa. Da ra'ayin kafa wani abin tunawa a kan tudun a 1959, aiwatuwa a cikin tunawa da Heroes na Battle of Stalingrad, wanda aka gina a kan Mamayev Hill.

Memorial hadaddun

The aikin na nan gaba abin tunawa tsara dogon. All-Union gasar, wanda hannu ba kawai gine-ginen, artists da kuma injiniyoyi, amma kuma duk dorewar ƙwaƙwalwar na waɗannan kwanaki, da aka kammala a shekaru 10 kawai. I. V. Stalin da kaina zaba da manyan m of EV Vucetic, a karkashin wanda ya yi aiki sculptors kungiyar injiniyoyin da gine-ginen. Mamaev tudun Volgograd wakiltar gine-gine da kuma tsarin abun da ke ciki, wanda aka hada da hankali da kuma akidarsa load. A duka yankin na tunawa hadaddun ne fiye da 26 kadada, tsawon - 1.5 km. Kowane sculptural kungiyar ne ware daga sauran mutane, amma shi ya ba da wata damar ganin dukan hoto na jaruntakar da masifu na 1942-43. The aikin dade fiye da shekaru takwas, daga shekarar 1959 zuwa 1967, a wannan lokaci mai yawa sculptural da kuma gine-gine ideas canza, mafi kyau duka aikin injiniya mafita, halitta mafi ma'ana sculptural siffofin da aka samu.

A hadaddun

Don kwanan wata, ziyarci Kabarin iya zama kowa. A yawa na mutane daga yankuna daban-daban na mu mai girma kasa ayan gani da idanuwan da m tunawa da girma War - da Mamayev Hill. Tour na hadaddun ne kyauta, mafi baƙi pre-Masana gare shi, sai dai kowa ya ce an kawai ziyarci a wannan tsawo, yana yiwuwa a gane heroism na kare Stalingrad da jin ikon tunawa. Sculptural kungiyar a cikin wadannan tsari:

1. Ƙofar yanki da wani babban taimako "Memory of ƙarnõni".
2. Lungu, ado Lombardy poplars.
3. A sculptural kungiyar "Tsaya don Mutuwa" a kan eponymous square.
4. High taimako, NUNA kango na Stalingrad bayan yakin da aka gama.
5. Heroes 'Square.
6. Monumental taimako.
7. Soja Hall of Fame.
8. Kunci yankin, da cibiyar da wanda - da song "ta nuna Uwar".
9. Kabari.
10. "Mahaifa, mahaifiyata Kira" - tsakiya sassaka na tunawa hadaddun.
11. Low kabari.
12. All Saints Church.
13. Soja Memorial hurumi.
14. Arboretum a gindin cikin hadaddun.

"Memory of ƙarnõni"

A farko yanki na tunawa ne wani bango-high taimako depicting mutane dauke da furanni, flags, wreaths. Kamar yadda ta yi ciki da gine-ginen, da hoton alama ce da memory na gaba zamaninsu, cewa feat na kare Stalingrad ba za a manta. Mubaya'a ga sojojin da suka ba da rayukansu don zaman lafiya da kuma 'yancin kasar, za a bai wa dukkan zuriya daga Rasha mutane. Har ila yau a cikin square akwai wani stele, wanda aka sadaukar domin da gwarzo-gari. Goma sha biyu maharibai adana dutse urns da ƙasa dauka daga almara birane. Ci gaba yankin hidima poplar titi tsawon na 223 mita da nisa daga 10 m.

A fannin "Tsaya don Mutuwa"

Matakala sanya daga dutse ne ƙarshen babban tini na poplars. Yana ƙare da wani pool yanki, wanda gidaje da sassaka na "The War." Hero da bindiga a hannun da aka yi daga wata monolithic block na dutse. Wannan abun da ke ciki wakiltar mafi wuya lokaci na Battle of Stalingrad, a lokacin da ƙarfin hali na Soviet sojojin m makiya imani a cikin invincibility. A karkashin wata ƙanƙara na harsasai da bawo a kan abokan gaba su ne mutane suka raina mutuwa da kuma duba a cikin ta fuskar. Warrior samun sama daga ƙasar haihuwarmu. Ta masa hidima a dogara da goyon baya a cikin mafi m hour yaƙi. An yanki na "Tsaya don Mutuwa" ƙare bene ya kunshi 200 matakai - da yawan kwana da dare, da yaƙi don Stalingrad.

kango

Tare da matakai da kai ga tsakiyar tunawa hadaddun a cikin nau'i na wani bango tsawo na 18 da kuma 46 mita dogon sanya wani Bas-taimako. A ganuwar - dukan labarin da jaruntakar adawa. Su aka yanke hujin harsashi, a kan su surface mai rufi na kwarai takardun da rahotanni daga scene na yaƙi. Musical bi da sauti bango - ji da songs na yaki da shekaru, Levitan ta murya ake bayyana halin da ake ciki a fronts, reproduced sauti na yaƙi. Reconstituted barazana yanayi na lokaci, to kai da ruhu na kare a gefen hagu na bango da aka sake bugawa rantsuwa Stalingrad.

Heroes Square da kuma monumental sauƙi

Domin samun a cikin Hall of Soja Tsarki ya tabbata, duk baƙi zuwa Mamayev Hill ne gefen hanyoyin da wani babban waha, wanda a lokacin rani ne cika da ruwa. Heroes Square, ya raba su kashi biyu. A gefen dama akwai sculptural kungiyoyin. A total na shida shafukan ne a nan, Ya sanya daga kankare, shida mita high. Su yi tunani da real yaƙi scenes events na gari. 100-mita banner fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a gefen hagu an rubuta Lines cewa gani cikin ruhu da kuma birnin Stalingrad kare. Monumental sauƙi - wani bango a kan abin da artists sun nuna fage na Soviet m, nasarar su, garkuwa da sojojin abokan gaba.

Hall of Soja Tsarki

Tunzura cylindrical siffar, wanda aka located a cikin tsakiyar wata biyar-mita hannu dagawa madawwami harshen wuta, shi yana nufin mafi yayata hotunan da cewa faye hali Volgograd jan hankali. Photo da image na gine-gine da abu za a iya samu a kafofi da dama. Hall da aka keɓe wa madawwami memory waɗanda suka fadi a cikin fadace-fadace don Stalingrad da Mamayev Kurgan. A kan rufin ginin ya nuna jihar awards a kan garun - 34 ja Banners, kowanne daga abin da ya ƙunshi sunayen da matattu sojoji. Madawwami Flame ko da yaushe sa furanni da kuma wreaths, da heroes ba a manta, sauran har abada a kan tudun ƙasa.

Kunci Area ya buɗe wa anda ke fitowa daga cikin Hall of Fame. Cibiyar ne sculptural kungiyar "ta nuna Uwar". Kalmomi ba zai iya bayyana baƙin cikin dubban mata, da matansu da 'ya'yansu daga waɗanda sojojin da suka bai kõma ba daga yaki. Lake na hawaye na kewaye da abin tunawa, wanda yakan a kakkaura baƙin ciki a kan ruwa. Mamaev Kurgan a Volgograd - wani abin tunawa ga babbar nasara da kuma bakin ciki mai girma na mutanen Tarayyar Soviet.

"Mahaifa, mahaifiyata Kira"

Pride maida hankali ne akan duk waɗanda suka gani dukan tunawa hadaddun da ta tsakiyar tunawa. Sassaka "Mahaifa, mahaifiyata" - alama ce ta kasar, ciki har da irin wannan birane kamar yadda Volgograd. Mamayev Kurgan (photos na yaki da shekaru, lokacin da erection na tunawa, a yau ne a akai bukatar, amfani da tunawa wuce tare da lokaci) kokarin ziyarci dukan baƙin da birnin ganin idanu da ya daukaka.

A ranar, da sassaka "Mahaifa, mahaifiyata" da aka kunshe a cikin jerin daga cikin 10 mafi girma a duniya. A lokacin, ta shugaba erection tsawo da aka shiga a cikin Guinness Littafi na Records. The mutum-mutumi takobi (33 m - tsawon da takobi) - 85 mita, shi ne m ciki da kuma bayar da wani ƙarfe igiya tsarin hana halaka. Woman Warrior kira da 'yan'uwansa da' ya'ya maza tafi yaƙi domin duk da cewa sun rike masoyi a cikin wannan duniya - wannan bayyana mana Mahaifa, mahaifiyata. The mutum-mutumi tsaye a kan tsororuwar tudun, kafuwar boye a karkashin kasa, a low pedestal bada ji na lightness Multi-ton tsarin. A dare, da "Mahaifa, mahaifiyata" da aka hasken iko spotlights. Ana iya gani daga ko ina a cikin birnin, kuma shi ne da takobi a tsaye a kan Volga. A gindin Dutsen yana jana'izar sojoji da jami'an, kusan 35 da mutane dubu an binne ta a gangaren da tudun ƙasa. Har yau, babu wani yaƙĩni da cewa duk da mayakan samu, ci gaba da tono samu ragowar canjawa wuri zuwa Soja Memorial hurumi, wanda aka halitta kwanan nan tare da wannan don wannan manufa.