Leo Kekushev - Architect: photos, biography, gina a Moscow

A lokacin, wani fitaccen m Leo Kekushev ya iya kauce wa wani soja cewa an qadara ga mahaifinsa, da kotu da shawara. Dan gudanar don shawo mahaifansa biyu a gare bukatar. Ya kasance na farko babban m aiki a cikin Art Nouveau style. Alama a cikin nau'i na zaki alama dukan ayyukansa a Moscow m , m.

The iyali kotu shawara

Biography na m m Lev Nikolayevich Kekusheva cike da duhu aibobi. Wasu masu bincike na ta kerawa da kuma biography yi imani da cewa da aka haife shi a 1862 a Saratov. Wasu gardamar cewa m aka haife shi a Vilna, a Warsaw lardin. Daga wannan al'amari, za mu zana a kan.

Lev Nikolaevich Kekushev ya tashi a cikin wani soja iyali. Mahaifinsa wata babbar a cikin Pavlovsky rajimanti, wanda aka jibge a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland mulkin. A fili, shi ya akwai abin da ya fara haduwa ya nan gaba matarsa. Sunanta ya Constance. Ta kasance 'yar wani Yaren mutanen Poland mallaki gidaje.

A 1861 da shugaban iyali ya yanke shawarar ya ja da baya. Ya shiga cikin aikin farar hula. Sabon wurin aiki shi ne Corps na injiniyoyin. Akai-akai a cikin sabis, dole ne ya motsa zuwa wasu yankuna. A daban-daban lokaci ya rayu a St. Petersburg, Pskov, Novgorod, alhãli kuwa ba zauna a Vilna. A wannan wuri ne aka haife dansa - nan gaba m. By wannan lokaci da uba na iyali da aka ciyar da su da daraja na kotu shawara.

Bayan Lva Kekusheva, wanda shi ne 3rd yaro, akwai 6 yara. The iyali da aka quite m rayuwa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa iyaye sun niyya zũriyarsu samun mai kyau da ilimi, kamar yadda sanya shi yiwuwa a lissafta a kan mai kyau sabis aiki a nan gaba.

A farko-gwajen

By 1883 th, m matasa Leo sauke karatu daga wani fasaha makaranta a Vilna. Kuma saboda ya riga ya nuna a fili m ikon da ƙi soja rawar soja, ya tafi zuwa St. Petersburg. Ya aka yi niyyar su shigar da Institute of Civil Engineers, wanda ya faru a cikin wannan shekara.

Cikin ganuwar da wannan makaranta ya yi karatu tare da nan gaba irin shahararrun gine-ginen a matsayin V. Vialichkin, Ivanov-Shits kuma N. Markov.

Lokacin da ya kasance dalibi Kekushevu Lvu Nikolaevichu ya yi wani yawan m dalibi aiki, inda ya sake nuna wa m basira domin zanen.

A karshen horo, ya kare rubutun aikin, wanda aka kira "mayanka a St. Petersburg." Jim kadan kafin samun digiri ya ya iya samun wani aiki a cikin fasaha-gine kwamitin ma'aikatar cikin gida. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1888 ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare, kuma ya kasance kwararren injiniya ƙungiyoyin. Bugu da kari, ya aka bayar da lambar azurfa ga kyaututukan da ya samu a gine.

Bayan haka, Lev Kekushev taƙaice aiki mataimakin birni tanadi. Duk da haka, a cikin 1890 ya yanke shawarar janye kai, tun tafi zuwa ga Ancient.

shawarta

A babban birnin kasar, m yanke shawarar ya kebe kansa yafi zaman kansa gine-gine yi. Saboda haka, ya fara wani horon a fashion m S. Eybushittsa kuma ya zama mataimakansa. A wannan damar, ya halarci a cikin gine-gine Okhotny da kuma tsakiyar baho.

By kuma manyan, wadannan darussa sun taimaka shahararren m ba kawai crystallize da style of matasa m, amma kuma ta samar da wata da'irar m abokan ciniki, a tsakanin wanda aka bayar zo daga m iyalansu.

Bugu da kari, a lokacin da horon Kekushev gudanar Master da basira da wani iri-iri na ado dabaru amfani. Wannan yana nufin Forging, electroplating, kuma etching na gilashin da karfe.

Own gine-gine da bitar

Kekushev ya gama horo a 1893. Bayan haka, ya bude nasa gine-gine m. Abin baƙin ciki, takardu game da ayyukan wannan bitar, kusan ba su tsira. Amma akwai shaida game da gine-ginen da suka za'ayi aikinsa, kallon da erection da dama yi ayyukan da ci gaba da ado na ciki da kuma facades.

Wadannan wasu mataimaka sun, misali, Shutsmany 'yan'uwa. Su ne, Inter Alia, ya halarci zane na qasaita Korobkov da riba Frank House. Su ma kula da ci gaba na yi na Nicholas kantuna.

Sauran mataimakansa Kekusheva karfe Voeikov V. kuma N. Shevjakov. Har ila yau, akwai shahararren Rasha gine-ginen A. Kuznetsov da I. Fomin da m makaranta.

Bugu da kari zuwa aiki a cikin ofishin, Kekushev yi aiki a matsayin malami a cikin fasaha da School a cikin babban birnin kasar. Domin da bukatun wuraren da ya ya iya gina wani sinadaran dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Kekushev da kuma sanar a Stroganov School of Industrial Art. Ya ba da dalibai da darussa silvering, da baƙin ƙarfe Forging da kuma abun da ke ciki. Sa'an nan, ya fara aiki a daya daga cikin aikin injiniya da makarantu.

Domin shekaru biyar, m aiki a matsayin gundumar m. Kuma na iya yi nasu gini da abubuwa na Moorish style ga almshouses madadin Hera.

The na mallaka domin

By tsakiyar 90s zuwa Kekushev zo na farko ɗaukaka. A hankali, sai ya fara kunna daga talakawa m ga mashãwarta m. A sa'an nan da ya samu umurnin da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II.

A lokacin wadannan shekaru, ya shirya da hukuma sa kambi na wani sabon monarch. Domin taron, an yanke shawarar fitowa da wani ɓangare na Tverskaya Street, ginin City Duma da ¡iyãma Square. Domin wannan aka ayyana da dacewa gasar, wanda ya samu halartar mafi kyau gine-ginen. A sakamakon haka, da domin ya a hannun Kekusheva. Kuma bayan wasu lokaci, ya samu nasarar kammala aikin. Tun daga nan, da sunan m aka riga aka sani a ko'ina cikin daular.

sabon shugabanci

A daidai wannan lokacin, da ubangijinsa rai da aka alama ta gaskiya cewa m, m, wanda biography ne cike da ban sha'awa facts, sannu-sannu ya koma zuwa ga gine-gine da style of Art Nouveau.

A farko wannan aikin ya Khludovs Apartment gidan, wanda aka dauke daya daga cikin fice misalai na wannan Trend. Don kwanan wata, ginin da aka gina, amma facade aka kiyaye su.

Wannan m na style ya goyan bayan da dama daga cikin babban birnin kasar ta dukiya developers da kuma sanannun hannu da shuni, tsakanin wanda aka Kuznetsova, da hanci, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Savva Mamontov kuma Apartment gine-gine

A wannan lokaci, to zo Kekushev tsanani kudi nasara. Ya zama m gwani a cikin wannan filin. Known kasuwa Savva Mamontov yanke shawarar kawo sanannen m zuwa ga ayyukan. Alal misali, Kekushev halarci shiri na Arewa Railway, da kuma tsara da ruwa hasumiya a daya daga cikin babban birnin kasar ta jiragen kasa tashoshin.

Amma watakila mafi m hadin gwiwa Aikin da aka gina da hotel "Metropol".

A wannan lokaci Kekusheva nada shugaba m na kungiyoyin biyu. A da inshora kamfanin, wanda ya shirya ya gina alatu a gidajen qasaita a karkashin "key" a cikin Art Nouveau style, da kuma homebuilding kamfanin, wanda aka kawai tsunduma a cikin shiri na "Metropol". A ra'ayin mallakar mai shi daga cikin hotel S. Mamontov. Abin baƙin ciki, a wasu nufi ya yanke shawarar ba a mike zuwa m V. Vilkotu. Yi ya fara, amma ya yi aikin Mamontov iya ba, don yana da ake zargi da manyan sikelin-almubazzaranci da kuma kama. Ta hanyar da ya lokaci barata, amma kasuwanci da aka lalace.

A sabon masu da hotel sake gayyatar Kekusheva, don haka ya iya yi aiki na da aikin Vilkota. Ma'aikata yi imani da cewa Kekusheva kashi bayar da gagarumin nasarar da sha'anin.

Bugu da kari ya gina "Metropol", m, da kuma fara gina nasu riba gida. Har ila yau, m gina nasa gidan a kan Ostozhenka. Kasuwa Mr. Liszt yi farin ciki gida m Kekusheva. Ya samarwa a tsarin domin wata babbar farashin. Kekushev iya ba ki.

A culmination na kerawa

Creative Leo Kekusheva ganiya zo a cikin farkon karni na ashirin. A nuna na karni an dauke shi da kafa, da kuma mai aminci bin Moscow Art Nouveau. A lokacin da wannan lokaci, a Moscow m Leo Kekushev tsara da kuma gina gine-gine kamar gidaje da kuma Mindovsky I. Nosov, Yaren Kasar shopping gidan kashe ahu, kazalika da tashar jirgin kasa a Tsaritsyno. Har ila yau, bisa ga kayayyaki sun bayar da ƙofar daga Arbat da kuma yawan dakunan da gidan cin abinci "Prague". Bugu da kari, Kekushev ya shirya dakunan na qasaita Morozov cewa Prechistenke.

A general, kome a Moscow m Kekushev yi a wani babban matakin. Wadannan gine-gine kewaye da ransa. Sun cancanta da hankali. Domin duk da wuraren an halin kusan cikakkiyar nazari na ciki.

A zamanin da matsaloli

Lokacin da ya zo da farko Rasha juyin juya hali, jama'a, ku ɗanɗani fara canza. Idan kafin abubuwan da suka faru na 1905 da aka mamaye da wani marmari farkon modernist gine-gine, bayan wannan sabon Trend ya laconic kuma ya kange arewacin zamani.

Abin baƙin ciki, da m Lev Nikolaevich Kekushev ko basa so, ko iya aiki a wani sabon shugabanci, kuma da shahararsa da kuma ikon fara samun koma baya.

A 1907 ya je gina wani gidan cin abinci da ake kira "El Dorado." A gaskiya, wannan aikin ya kamata ya zama daya daga cikin manyan ra'ayoyin da m. Duk da haka, da ginin ya fara gina wani gwani. A sakamakon haka, da yi da aka kammala ba, amma tare da babban da kuma tsanani sabawa daga L. Kekusheva zane. Last m halittar m - asibiti cewa a cikin Transfiguration. Yana da aka gina kafin yakin duniya na farko, a 1912.

M aikin da m Kekushev yi ba tare da yawa magana da individuality.

mutuwa

Bayan 1912, da rabo daga Kekusheva sami wani da gaske ban tausayi al'amari. Yana da jũna da cewa m da bai saya kwangila. Ya kawai sa da hotuna a daban-daban wallafe na tsohon halittun.

Kuma ka ambaci daga shi ba babu. Duk da haka, ya yiwu don tabbatar da sana'a mujallolin, ya yi sa'a da rai da kuma wani lokacin motsa zuwa wani sabon Apartment.

Irin wannan disengagement, bisa ga Malaman tarihi, da m, aka sa ta shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya. Sauran masana tarihi yi imani da cewa m Kekushev lizimta da kansa saboda 'yan sirri da kuma aiki setbacks.

Duk abin da ya, a lokacin da Oktoba juyin juya halin da kuma yakin basasa, maigida ya bace gaba ɗaya. Shi ne har yanzu ba a sani ba a lokacin da Allah ya tafi, da kuma lokacin da aka binne shi ... Duk da haka, a cewar daya daga cikin dangi, Leo Kekushev mutu a 1917 a asibiti. Kuma suka binne shi a daya daga cikin babban birnin kasar ta graveyards ... Yadda memory na hagu m Kekushev gine-gine a Moscow. Photos of aikinsa, kana da damar ganin labarin.

A ƙirjin da iyali

Personal rai na m ne mai arziki a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, da kuma iyali wasanin kwaikwayo. A cikin marigayi 90th karni XIX Kekushev hadu Anna Bolotova, ya yi ritaya kyaftin. Ta aka haife kuma rayu a Kremenchug, a Poltava lardin. A taron batu na wannan m yarinya kawai ya juya goma sha tara. Nasara babban birnin kasar gine-ginen da aka kusan 35. Duk da bambanci, ƙaunataccen aure. Haka ya faru a karshen Afrilu 1897-th.

Da farko, ma'auratan sun gaske farin ciki. Yayansu girma. A dukiya suka yi a lokacin rani zama a cikin m Azurfa Forest. Har ila yau, 'yan shekaru bayan bikin aure, su koma nasu gidan a Ostozhenka, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya. A gaskiya, wannan "m gidaje" magana game da wannan kashe da sana'a aiki na m. Yarda, alatu gidaje, wadda aka gina a kan marubucin ayyukan, da raka'a mallakar.

Bisa ga asusun kawai jikan m, yana da ban mamaki, m hali. Ya kasance gaisuwa da kuma irin wa dangi, abokai, abokan aiki. Ya ƙaunar m barkwanci. Amma ya real so ya kasance kullum gine. Matsayin mai mulkin, ya tashi a shida da safe, sai ya fara aiki a ofishin. A cewar matarsa Kekusheva, ya kasance sosai m mutum. Kuma a lõkacin da ya tsara, sau da yawa wuce dole kimomi. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne, wani lokacin biya wa kanta bace daga ta jaka da nufin ganin embodiment na ideas. Abin baƙin ciki, saboda yanayin wannan alama a nan gaba, ya bar kome bãya gare shi amma basusuka.

Akalla iyali farin ciki tsawon game da shekara goma. A shekarar 1906, m yanke shawarar komawa wani wuri. A cewar unconfirmed kafofin, a cikin hanyar hutu shi ne kafirci da matar wani m. Bisa ga masu bincike, sai ta fara wani al'amari tare da daya daga cikin abokan aiki a cikin bitar Kekusheva.

Duk da haka, biyu sun sha kokarin tsayar da dangantaka. A cikin wani hali, akwai wani lokaci a lokacin da suka zauna tare sake. Amma sai suka tafi sake. Duk wadannan yunkurin amma a banza don ajiye aure.

Architect Kekushev: yara

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da matasa iyali Kekusheva da yara. Ɗan fari shahara biyu da wani ɗa, Nicholas. An haife shi a karshen Fabrairu 1898. A 1901 matar da m ba shi wata 'yar, Tatiana. Kuma na gaba shekara da aka haife kuma ƙarami ya Katya.

Dan Nicholas tafi a kan zama wani shahararren Aviator. A 1924, ya lura da Order of Red Banner. Ya sa'an nan ya jagoranci ayyukan soji a kan ƙasa na yankin tsakiyar Asiya jamhuriyoyin.

A 1930, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai makaniki iyakacin duniya jirgin sama. A wannan lokacin ya kasance memba na ƙungiya daga VP Golovin. Wadannan matukan jirgi gudanar da kasa karo na farko a Arewa iyakacin duniya, a lokacin da shirya domin saukowa daga cikin balaguro da aka sani na iyakacin duniya mai bincike Ivan Papanin.

Lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War da kewaye na Leningrad, Nicholas ya fitar a kan farar hula jirgin sama mazaunan arewacin babban birnin kasar a kasar. A cikin account na domin na hamsin flights.

Bayan da yaki ya kasance a cikin kurkuku, sa'an nan taka kashe a sansanin. Lokacin da aka saki, ya yanke shawarar rubuta wani littafi daga cikin memoirs. A mafi ban mamaki abu, babu cikakken bayani game da rayuwa da mutuwa da wani sanannen uba a cikin wannan aiki.