Kolyada (wani biki): tarihi da kuma al'adar

Mafi yawan mutane a zamanin yau imani da cewa Kirsimeti da kuma Kolyada ake inextricably nasaba. A gaskiya, tun arna sau, a lokacin da akwai ba ko yarda da Kiristanci a Rasha, da kuma mutanen da ya yi ĩmãni da daban-daban alloli, riga ya wanzu a hadisin kamar yadda Kolyada. wannan bikin da aka keɓe wa Allah na Sama Dazhdbog.

Ancient mutane sun gaskata cewa bayan da hunturu solstice, gunkin tana farkawa a sama, da kuma rana tsawon fara ƙara, da dare - in riƙa raguwa. Kakanninmu masu godiya Dazhdbog da kuma fara yabe shi, tare da taimakon al'ada songs - carols.

Tun wannan lokacin, da yawa kwastan sun canza, kuma a manta, amma har yanzu da yawa hadisai, albeit a wani ɗan daban-daban tsari, mun bi zuwa yau.

Jigon da festival

Kolyada - biki na Slavs, rare sunan Kirsimeti da kuma Kirsimeti lokaci, wanda ya ci gaba a yau c 7 ga Janairu 19 (Baftisma).

Babban manufar Kolyada - aka rike bikin keɓe wa Kirsimeti Hauwa'u. Babban hadisai cewa an kiyaye su a mafi girma ko karami mataki, kuma a cikin lokaci, su ne:

- sa a kan wani iri-iri na kayayyaki, musamman sanya na dabba konkoma karãtunsa fãtun da ƙahonin dabbobi, da yin amfani da masks.

- caroling, bisa ga kolyadnyh songs.

- godiya kolyadovschikov kyauta da su sweets, abinci, tsabar kudi da sauran abubuwa.

- wasanni ga matasa.

- duba aure 'yan mata.

Kolyada - biki, wanda shi ne mafi girma da kuma mafi muhimmanci a cikin hunturu da sau na al'ummai, kamar yadda shi ne yanzu Kirsimeti ga dukan Kiristoci.

Lokacin bikin Kirsimeti carols

Kolyada - biki na Slavs, da kwanan wata a kan wanda ya fara Yule (Disamba 25 - da rana na hunturu solstice), kuma su ci gaba har sai 6 Janairu. Saboda haka, ko da a gaban tallafi na Kristanci, mutane ciyar Kirsimeti carols rituals yabon Allah na sama - Dazhdbog.

Abin da kwanan wata Kolyada idi aka yi bikin bayan tallafi na Kristanci? Pagan bikin garwaya da ranar haihuwa na Yesu Almasihu, da kuma Kirsimeti lokaci riga lura daga 6 zuwa 19 Disamba, t. E. Daga Kirsimeti zuwa Epiphany. Wadannan Kirsimeti hadisai sun tsira har yanzu.

Dangantaka solstice da kuma Kirsimeti carols

Kolyada idi bikin girmama na rana ta abu akan sake haihuwa a cikin hunturu solstice. Disamba 25 mutane ba kawai bikin Sabuwar Shekara - sun yi imani da cewa wannan rana ne zargin da New World kuma ayyukan noma.

A. Famintsyn a wani littafi da ake kira "Allahntaka na zamanin d Slavs," da aka rubuta a 1884, ya nuna cewa, a cikin tsohon rubutun akwai ambaci bautãwa biyu - Kupala (Allah na bazara solstice) da kuma Kolyada (Allah na hunturu solstice).

A. N. Afanasev a rubuce "Poetic ra'ayoyi kan yanayin da Slavs" da aka ambata cewa da rana yake da personification wani farin ciki da kuma allahntaka rai. Solar abin bautawa da aka dauke mafi haske, tausayi, Maijin ƙai. cewa motsa duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a rayuwa, na bayar da abinci da taimako ga mutane.

An yi imani da cewa haske ne inextricably nasaba da rabo, haka mutane nemi taimako da shi a lokacin da bi ya matsaloli da kuma kasawa. Har ila yau, da rãnã da aka yi tsayayya mugunta, duhu kuma sanyi.

Saboda haka, Slavic hutu Kolyada kuma yi na Kirsimeti carols - shi ibãdar keɓe wa rana bautãwa, wanda ya nuna da dangantaka ta musamman da kakanninmu da luminary.

A fassarar da hutu

Kolyada - a arna hutu, kuma da sunan da yana da saiwoyinsa a zamanin da.

Daya daga cikin theories game da asalin kalmar "Kolyada" nace cewa shi ya tafi daga "mazauna" - "rãnã." Yana kare mutane daga cikin duhu, da kuma a kan Disamba 25, aka haifi wani sabon da matasa star, wanda ya taimaka wajen kara hasken rana da kuma dare rage.

Ra'ayi daban-daban da bin Dmitry Shchepkin, kuma shi kunshi a gaskiya cewa kalmar "Kolyada" na nufin "kek abinci ko kek jita-jita", "yanã gudãna a kusa". Wannan za a iya bayyana ta da cewa kamfanin ya tafi zuwa ga kogon carols a duk yadudduka da kuma rawa da rera waka Kirsimeti carols, shi sãkã musu, dõmin Goodies, da kuma bayan sun ci abinci tare, wanda nakolyadovali.

Bugu da kari, akwai ra'ayin cewa "Kolyada" ya zo daga kalmomi:

- "bene" - lit wani kututturen.

- "Kolo" - zagaye, dabaran;

- daga Latin kalmar "Kalenda," ie, "A ranar farko na watan" ...

A etymological kamus ma'anar kalmar da aka bayyana a matsayin "wani al'ada wadda ake dangantawa da farkon na shekara", wanda shine na hali ko ga pre-Kirista sau, kuma bayan da tallafi Kristanci a cikin Slavic hutu Kolyada aka qaddamar a kan ranar haihuwar Yesu Almasihu.

Bisa ga ethnolinguistic kamus (tsoho Slavic), da kalmar yana da arna asalinsu. Kuma tsoron bayar da hujjar cewa Kolyada akwai kome pre-Slavic da arna, kuma wannan lokaci da aka dauka a kan matsayin magana da limaman (a zahiri: "kyautai, ko kuwa sadakoki, wanda aka tattara da limaman" ko "abun ciki don Sabuwar Shekara").

Yadda za a shirya domin idin Kirsimeti carols?

Kolyada - biki, wanda shi ne mafi girma da kuma mafi muhimmanci a gare mutane. A wannan hasashe, wanda zai iya jayayya da cewa shirya don shi a gaba da kuma hankali. Talakawa mutane (ko da daga matalautan iyalai):

- shirya wani babban yawa na abinci, musamman nama, kuma wannan pricked alade.

- tsabtace sosai a ko'ina cikin gidan;

- kyau-kwace a cikin wanka.

- shirya sabon kayayyaki, musamman ga caroling.

Wani abu da ya zauna canzawa: tsawon lokacin da suka wuce, da kuma yanzu mu shine su sadu da Sabuwar Shekara holidays tsarkake da jiki da kuma ruhaniya.

Kamar yadda ya dade da aka yi bikin Kolyada?

Mai binciken burbushin yarda da cewa ko da a pre-Kirista sau da aka saba yi, a matsayin Kolyada. hutu labarin ne ban sha'awa da kuma ban sha'awa, da dama hadisai da kuma rituals sun tsira to mu lokacin, amma wasu ba da karfi da kuma aka canza.

Bikin Kirsimeti carols da kuma bikin da aka gudanar a cikin wadannan domin:

1. A kashi na farko na bikin shi ne cewa babban adadin mutane suka zo da arna temples (Ibada) don samar da wani yanka hadaya da sadarwa tare da gumaka, don zama kusa da su.

Kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin labari, mutane suka taru a kusa da kogin, a cikin dazuzzuka a kusa da wuta da kuma gode da kuma yaba wa gumakansu, suna tambayar ga tuba da kuma nan gaba amfanin. Fuskõkinsu haka ne aka ƙawãta, masked, ado a cikin konkoma karãtunsa fãtun daga cikin wadannan da wasu tufafi, da aka rike da māsu, da garkuwoyi, da ƙahonin dabbobi, sadaka, da duba.

Ga al'ada na hadaya da duba bukatar mai sihiri - wani mutum wanda ya samar da wata mahada zuwa ga gumakan. A cikin iyali, da rawa ne wani babban jami'in mutum. Kafin duba saba yi hadaya tsuntsu ko dabba. A wannan yanayin, da jini zub da splashed kewaye da karkatarwa da mugayen ruhohi. dabba sassa cewa ba su yi nufi ga abinci, aka binne a cikin ƙasa, ya ƙone a wuta ko nutsar a cikin kogin.

Dattawan kashe Pet roko ga alloli. A wannan lokacin, 'yan mata matasa da kuma yara maza da mamaki, da kuma rera waka Kirsimeti carols, wanda yaba Kolyada - wani matashi rana bautãwa.

2. Kashi na biyu da aka kishin janar Kolyada abinci. Mutane ci abinci cewa an miƙa hadaya, da muka sha a nuna daga kofin wanda ya shũɗe a kusa da da'irar. Kamar wancan sung carols, suna yabon gumakan Navi da ka'idoji da kuma ya nemi taimako ga mutanen kirki.

3. Na uku ɓangare na bikin su ne ake kira "merrymaking": mutane suna ta raira waƙa da dama songs, rawa da Slavic jama'a kida.

Idin Kirsimeti carols (Sun ta) da nasu kwastan da peculiarities, da kuma gobe:

- Da farko, mun tafi caroling yara a kan 'yan mutane. Suka ɗauki wani 2 kek, wanda ya kasu kashi daidai sassa da duk ci bayan wasan kwaikwayon na Kirsimeti carols.

- Lokacin da suke matasa 'yan mata (masu bakin mayafi) da kuma rera waka jama'a songs. Muka yi musu dukkan 'yan kalaches da gingerbread.

- A karshen tafi caroling duk mata da maza, suka kuma ba da wuri, da kuma cookies.

A rubutun da Kirsimeti carols

Kuma a yau, a matsayin hutu ne bikin? Koliada kara a cikin vortex bukukuwan fannin. A rubutun ya kuma har yanzu shi ne kamar haka, duk da tarawa da kuma canje-canje da aka yi ta hanyar daban-daban al'ummai:

1. Kirsimeti Hauwa'u (Janairu 6th), mutane ba su ci har maraice. Amma da zaran sama bayyana farko star, su duka zauna su abincin dare iyali. A kan tebur da yamma ya zama 12 Darussan, ciki har da ake bukata kutya da uzvar na bushe da 'ya'yan itatuwa (apples da pears), kazalika da Hearty nama jita-jita (pancakes, cushe kabeji, dumplings, na gida sausages).

Daga a tarihi mai nisa da kakanninmu, al'ada ce a sa hay karkashin tablecloth, wanda ya kamata ya kwanta a can har Janairu 14 - Schedretsa.

2. A na gaba safe - Janairu 7 - zo babbar hunturu festival Kirsimeti. A wannan rana ta musamman, muka yanke shawarar mu je zuwa ga godson, kuma ba su kyautai.

Bayan abincin dare, matasa 'yan mata da yara maza dress up a dabbobi daban daban da kuma Roma, kuma 10-15 mutane tafi tare da carols kungiyoyin. Daya daga kamfanin kolyadovschikov dole dress a goat. A wasu yankuna (musamman a Yammacin Ukraine) na yanke shawarar in je da manyan gida-sanya star. Kolyada raira songs a cikin yabo na duniya, tambayar kyau nan gaba, dancing, kuma da ciwon fun. Domin wannan karimci Runduna zuwa gode da su, kuma ba daban-daban Goodies kuma kudi.

An yi imani da cewa idan masu ba a bude kofa Kolyada, shi zai iya kira da bala'i a kan iyali da kuma talauci.

3. A na gaba bayan Kirsimeti kasance a rana ta St. Stephen. Cewa wannan rana, mai shi yana zuwa cikakken biya kashe su ma'aikata, kuma sũ, a bi da bi, na iya yin duk abin da ya tara a cikin past shekara. Sa'an nan yanke shawara ko shiga cikin wani sabon yarjejeniya domin ci gaba da hadin gwiwa ko diverge.

Kadan daban bikin birane mazauna wannan Slavic hutu (Kolyada). ya rubutun ya da wadannan:

- dauke da fitar da wani festive shirin da idi a wurin shakatawa da kuma a cikin tsakiyar birnin.

- kungiyar na cinikayya bikin.

- Ball da dancing (ya shirya, m 'yan ƙasa).

Yara, kazalika a yau, zai ji dadin Kirsimeti itace, kyauta, za kwaikwaiyo da kuma dance shirye-shirye.

4. Da fun kuma su yi tasbĩhi Schedrets Janairu 14. A wannan rana, ba kawai waƙa, da dancing, amma kuma ya zabi mafi kyau yarinya na kauye. Ta ado, sa a kan wani wreath, kintinkiri, ta jagoranci wata tawagar beauties, wanda ya tafi gida gida da kuma schedrovali. A Runduna, kuma a cikin yini kokarin matsayin mafi kyau da za ka iya, kuma mafi to ba da kariminci ga mai zuwa shekara shi ne nasara da kuma arziki.

Kuti wuri a lokacin hutun Kirsimeti kolyadnyh

Kolyada idi na zamanin d Slavs bai wuce ba tare da Kuti. 3 sun musamman mai tsarki da yamma, kowanne daga abin da aka shirya da kuma al'ada porridge, a cikinta daban-daban:

1. ramammu da kwayoyi, dried 'ya'yan itace, poppy iri da kuma uzvar tattalin farko pre-Kirsimeti yamma - Janairu 6th. Yana kira da irin wannan rikici na babban kutey.

2. Janairu 13 - Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u a cikin tsohon style - dafa kutyu biyu, wanda aka kira arziki, ko na karimci. A wannan rana a tebur bauta dukan kyawawan Hearty, kuma ko da porridge da aka cika da kitse, man alade, man shanu, kuma skorominoyu.

3. Na uku kutya - Hauwa'u na Epiphany a kan Janairu 18 - da aka kira a matsayin jin yunwa, kuma ya yi, kamar na farko, ramammu, dafa shi a kan ruwa. Akwai wani hadisin cewa shi ne cewa shugaban na iyali da yamma fita da dukan ƙofofin, kofofi da kuma kusantar crosses kare mazauna gidan da iyali daga mugayen ruhohi, masĩfa, kuma mummunan yanayi.

Kolyada hutu a Rasha a lokacin Soviet sau kusan bikin, amma a cikin 60s sannu a hankali ya fara rayar da Slavic hadisai, kuma a cikin 90s da suka kasance riga a cike lilo fara komawa zuwa Rasha iyali. Yau, singing carols a cikin Mai Tsarki dare - daga 6 zuwa 7 Janairu, tare da da yawa kwastan dawo: yara da matasa dress up a festive tufafin, kai da star, koyi da jama'a songs. The masu, bi da bi, kokarin da kariminci gode Kolyada cewa shekara da aka ci nasara da kuma arziki.

Wajen duba holidays Kirsimeti carols

Duba a festive Kirsimeti carols kwanaki shagaltar da wani wuri na musamman, da suka saba ciyar da yamma a kan Hauwa'u na Kirsimeti da kuma har 14 Janairu (Sabuwar Shekara bisa ga tsohon kalandar). An yi imani da cewa shi ne a cikin waɗannan kwanaki da wata yarinya iya koya makomarsu da kuma fallasa asirin nan gaba, don ganin amarya da ko da hasashen da kwanan wata na bikin aure. Akwai mutane da yawa na ibada. Mafi mashahuri na wadannan ne da wadannan:

1. Ta yana je waje da kuma jefa takalma da ƙafarsa ta hagu kuwa a kan shinge. Sai ka dũba yadda shi ya fadi. Idan kafana daga gidan, amma a wannan shekara da ta ba su aure, idan m, sa'an nan kallo, a cikin abin da shugabanci nuna taya - suka ce, akwai, da kuma yi jira Mr Dama.

2. Braley 2 needles, smeared su kitse ko mai kuma saukar da cikin ruwa. Idan suka nutse nan da nan, shi portends mummunan shekara, kuma idan ya kasance da ninkaya, amma har yanzu haɗe, ya daraja da dãko, da arziki da kuma sananne aure.

3. Gad da kuma zama m. A yarinya daga woodshed suyi ja daya dungu da hankali yayi nazari shi. Idan ya m, ƙuntatawa zai kasance tare da unsightly bayyanar, idan santsi da kuma ko da, nan gaba miji na da kyau da kuma kwarjini da taƙama. A yawa na kullin a kan wani kututturen nuna cewa Guy ne daga wani iyali tare da kuri'a da kuma 'yan'uwa. Idan ingested da pokruchennoe mai lankwasa log, amarya shi ne waje lahani (kwana pockmarked da t. D.)

4. cinta a kan zobba. Yana kunshi a gaskiyar cewa a wani sieve cika wani hatsi ko hatsin rai, alkama, da kuma sa a nan da 4 iri na Rings: ƙarfe, da na azurfa, da zinariya, da dutse, da kuma kyau zuga shi duka. Don wannan karshen, kamfanin da aka je duba na da gwaurãye girls, kowanne daga wanda aka scooped da dintsi na ciki:

- idan kawai hatsi a fadin, amma a wannan shekara da ta ba su aure a duk.

- idan wani sauki karfe zobe cewa za ta aure wani matalauci Guy.

- idan wani azurfa zobe, da ango zai zama da sauki.

- wani zobe da wani dutse ya yi maganar rayuwar iyali tare da Boyar.

- zoben zinariya - da wata ãyã cewa ya auri yarinyar da wani m.

5. Akwai kuma duba ga wanda ka so su dauki wani kwano da kuma cika shi da hatsi, a dafa cikin guda na takarda, daya daga wanda ya rubuta da sunan yaba ta mata, da sauran hagu komai. A debi hatsi da dubi abin sau zai fada coveted takarda:

- Idan a farko, da yarinya ya kamata ba zata sauri courtship.

- na biyu - to, dole ka fuskanci wasu matsaloli.

- da na uku - matasa ne magudi a kanku, shi ne mafi alhẽri ba su yi imani da shi;

- na huɗu - Guy gaba daya sha'aninsu dabam a gare ka.

Matasa 'yan mata ma mamaki:

- a tsakar dare a cikin wanka.

- tare da wani madubi, da tsammanin ganin shi a tashinta.

- a kan ruwa da kuma kyandirori.

Daya daga cikin manyan hadisai sun tsere kan ƙafafun. Don wannan karshen, a manyan katako da'irar kamar wata ƙafa kafa a kan wuta, kuma birgima Uphill da downhill. Ga za ka iya fili ga dangantakar da Slavic hadisai da kuma ibada na Kirsimeti carols, domin kona dabaran, lalle ne, haƙĩƙa nuna alamar rana, da kuma cewa shi birgima sama da tudu taimaka a kara wa haske rana.

tarihi caroling

Kirsimeti carols yawanci sung ba a cikin gidan, da kuma kai tsaye a waje. Sun yarinya tambayi iznin shiga, sa'an nan ya raira "vinogrado" tartsatsi a Arewa. Ga Kolyada kyautai ga wani wuri, ko kuma sweets, biscuits, kuma na al'ada a cikin nau'i na dabbobi da tsuntsaye. Wadannan biscuits aka sanya daga dolgohranyaschegosya gwajin, sun kasance m da tsada ga kowane iyali, dõmin sun kange ko'ina cikin shekara, don haka abin da kayayyakinsa ba su rasa a kan hanyar gida da kuma ninka. Yin haka cookies kafin, amma tare da siffar haruffa, wanda aka jawabi ga abũbuwan (ko hannu Roda Sun).

Caroling yanka aka za'ayi domin a mako, ya fara daga 25 Disamba (Kirsimeti a cikin Julian kalandar). Babban halayen irin wannan tsari su ne:

1. Star. Sun sanya shi daga wani karfi takarda - mafi girma a makarai (game da 0.7 mita) - da kuma lit kyandir. Star ya octagonal, fentin a haske launuka.

2. Den. Yana da aka dauka daga cikin akwatin tare da biyu tiers, a cikin abin da aka sanya figurines na itace, depicting labarin na haihuwar Yesu Almasihu.

A karkashin windows kolyadovschiki yi wani taƙaitaccen Devotional songs, da kuma kawai daya daga cikin kungiyar da su warware rundunar iya zo a cikin da kuma samun bi da kudi kadan.

Kolyada - wani biki, a lokacin da manyan kauyuka Rasha daya yadi iya ganin kungiyoyin na 5-10 tare da wani star, kuma kowane daga cikinsu kokarin masu albarkace.

The arna tushen da hutu

Saboda haka abin da Kolyada? Jigon da hutu ne da wadannan: wannan shi ne wani jerin da Ancient ayyukan hajji, suna tasbihi da gode wa matasa arna rana bautãwa. A cewar da yawa kafofin, Kolyada shi ne har yanzu a bautãwa na gaisuwa idodi.

Babban version na asalin da hutu ne cewa gõde haske a cikin hunturu solstice. Akwai ma wani labari zuwa ga wannan sakamako. Korotun macizai cinsu da rãnã da aljanna Kolyada taimakawa mutane da kuma ba da haihuwa zuwa wani sabon, matasa star - Bozic. Mutane na kokarin taimakawa allahiya da kuma kare jariri daga maciji da tsarkakewa da kuma m kuwata, miya a ban tsoro kayayyaki daga fatun dabbobi da kuma yin amfani da ƙahoni. Tare da carols matasa ke kan kowane yadi zuwa bushãra da cewa wani sabon matasa rana da aka haife cikin duniya.

Bayan tallafi na Kristanci, cikin Church karfi haramta caroling kwastan, kuma bauta wa gumaka, amma shi ba zai yiwu ba gaba daya ya kauda da tsofaffin al'adun da ibada. Saboda haka, da makarai fara tafiya firistoci da mũminai, bar cewa Iisus Hristos aka haife kuma yabon shi. Wadannan al'adu da tsira ga lokaci. Duk da yake kwatankwacinku Kirsimeti carols masu sau da yawa ba da kyautai ga akasin haka, mu yi kokarin kauce wa. Polesie kolyadovschikov mũminai aka ba a yarda ya gida, kamar yadda aka yi zato cewa za a yi girbi gero, da waɗanda caroling bisa ga tsoho al'ada, yawan lada da kuma gode.