Karshen wani zamanin da kwakwa ruwa? Me ya sa ake gaye sha a duniya iya bace daga shelves?

Domin gaye da m mutane, ciki har da celebrities kamar Rihanna, Madonna ko Mettyu Makkonahi, rare kwakwa ruwa cirewa daga aromatic irin kwayoyi, shi ne babban abin sha da kuma ko da tushen samun kudin shiga.

Kwakwa ruwa ana sayar da alatu brands, kuma da kudin kai $ 7 da 330 ml. Game da wannan farashin ne shampen.

shahara, kasuwar

Babu shakka cewa kwakwa kasuwar tasowa. A shekara-shekara yawa na samar da kwakwa ruwa a halin yanzu tsaye a 2 dalar Amurka biliyan. Ana sa ran ya kai $ 4 biliyan kan gaba shekaru biyar.

A shekara ta 2007, 25% na hannun jari Vitacoco, manyan brands na kwakwa ruwa, aka sayar da $ miliyan 7 kamfanin Verlinvest. Shekara bakwai daga baya, wani 25% Vitacoco hannun jari da aka sake sayar, wannan lokaci Red Bull Sin kamfanin, domin kamar 166 da dala miliyan.

Sauran manyan kasuwanci 'yan wasa domin samar da kwakwa ruwa hada da Coca-Cola Company da PepsiCo. A halin yanzu, fiye da 200 brands sayar da wannan abin sha.

gagarumin amfanin gona

Amma akwai wani gefe zuwa wannan labarin. Kwakwa ne daya daga cikin 35 abinci amfanin gona da aka jera a cikin Annex 1 na kasa da kasa yarjejeniyar a Tasirin auren itatuwa ga abinci da aikin noma. Shelter an dauke su da muhimmanci ga duniya abinci tsaro. A 2014, Abinci da Aikin Noma Organization, duniya samar da Shelter ya 61,5 ton miliyan.

Wannan ne mai matukar muhimmanci arziki ga fiye da 11 da manoma miliyan, wanda mafi yawansu sun kananan kera. Suna girma kwakwa itatuwa a kan 12 kadada miliyan a akalla 94 a} asashen duniya. Kwakwa itace ne yadu da aka sani da "bishiyar rayuwa" saboda duk da sassa masu amfani.

kayayyakin

Babban kayayyakin ne copra (da bushe ciki goro angaren litattafan almara, wanda aka yi amfani da samar da man fetur) da husk, wanda yake shi ne m tushen zare. More kwanan nan, kamar yadda muka gani, akwai kuma high bukatar m kwakwa ruwa da kwakwa da man fetur.

Whole balagagge kwayoyi suna fitar dashi da kuma sayar wa masana'antu da samar da kwakwa da kuma man shanu. A kalla rabin dukkan girma Shelter suna ta cinye yankin.

bambancin kwayoyin

Domin millennia, mutane sannu a hankali zabi kuma girma da yawa irin kwakwa, amfani da shi ga dalilai masu yawa.

Wannan ya kai ga matuƙa ta morphological bambancin, wanda aka bayyana, a wani m kewayon launuka, siffofi da kuma masu girma dabam na 'ya'yan itace. Amma mataki na bambancin a cikin mafi yawa ba a sani ba a kan wani duniya sikelin. A babbar adadin aikin da aka yi da manoma domin namo Shelter ga dubban shekaru da kuma masana kimiyya a lokacin karni na 20th, ya zauna sun fi mayar da undervalued.

Rare irin Shelter, kwakwa kamar shanu, da horar da kuma kiyaye su a cikin India. Amma mafi yawan mutane ba su ma dauke a matsayin Shelter, musamman a kasashen yamma.

A bambancin da barazana

Mutane da yawa irin Shelter, wanda zai iya zama da muhimmanci ga makomar aikin gona, bace saboda asarar gargajiya ilimi, da m canji na noma mai faɗi, canjin yanayi da kuma westernization.

Saboda da fragility na tsibirin kunsa Pacific yankin - wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa inda asarar ne mafi girma.

A kwanan nan, binciken a cikin Cook Islands to masana kimiyya da tsananin kokarin da na gudanar ya gano wuri da irin kwakwa, da aka sani daga cikin yan unguwa a matsayin niu mangaro. Wannan shi ne wani rare irin kwakwa, wanda aka barazana tare da nau'i nau'i.

Husk ya unripe 'ya'yan itace, wanda a wasu jinsunan, yawanci m da kuma astringent, shi ne mai laushi, mai dadi, kuma edible. Yana za a iya chewed kamar rake. Da zarar 'ya'yan itãcen yã'yan, husk zaruruwa ne fari da kuma bakin ciki.

A binciken da masu bincike da aka gudanar a tare da tare da bayyana m jami'in. Lokacin aiki, ya dauki wani m kwakwa husks da kuma fara tauna. Sa'an nan, ya tsaya, ya ce: "Ba na so da na gida mutane zuwa ga ni ci niu mangar, saboda za su kai ni ga matalauci."

Amfani da na gargajiya 'ya'yan itace ne har yanzu riskarsa kamar wani zaman stigma, tun da shi ba ya rufe "zamani" hanyarsa ta rayuwa. A daya hannun, shigo da abinci amfani ne a matsayin wata ãyã, na yanzu da kuma dukiyarsa.

Wannan yana nufin cewa gargajiya iri-iri ne har yanzu mai daraja da mazan zamani, amma matasa ba su sani ba game da rarity da kuma al'adu darajar da wadannan albarkatu.

International "kwakwa" taron

Zamantakewa da tattalin arziki abubuwan da zai shafi adana Shelter, aka tattauna a biyu na kasa da kasa tarurruka shirya a shekarar 2016 da Asiya da kuma Pacific Kwakwa Community, Indonesia da kuma Tsakiya Research Institute a India.

Tantaunawar hada da gazawa da kuma amfanin da dangantaka da nazarin halittu halaye na Shelter; nau'in kiyayewa a hukumomi genebanks. Manoma 'ilmi game da haihuwa ilmin halitta na shuke-shuke. zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma siyasa kuzarin kawo cikas matakan.

Big kasuwanci da kuma rashin kudi domin gudanar da bincike

International Network kwakwa kayyade albarkatun (COGENT) a halin yanzu ya hada da 41 flights, wanda ya fitar Shelter, wanda shi ne fiye da 98% na duniya samar. Its ayyukan ake nufin da kiyayewa da kiwo na iri.

Kwakwa germplasm wakilta kimanin 400 da kuma 1600 maki sortoobraztcov 24 gene bankuna. Accessions su ne ainihin raka'a genebank.

A kowane hali mai kwakwa dabino sortoobrazets kunshi 45-150 dabino. Suna rajista a cikin kwakwa kayyade albarkatun database da kuma duniya kasida.

COGENT kuma aiki a kan jerawa da genome na kwakwa a cikin tsarin hadin gwiwa tsakanin bincike kungiyoyi a kasar Cote d'Ivoire, Faransa da kuma China.

Duk da Yunƙurin a kasuwannin duniya, da yawa kwakwa manoma ba tsari isa, da kuma zuba jari a gudanar da bincike ne kaɗan.

A shekara-shekara girma na zuba jari a gudanar da bincike, wanda zai zama isa ya warware mafi yawan matsaloli na girma Shelter, a kusa 3-5 dala miliyan. Amma kamfanoni suna amfana daga albarku a cikin kasuwar, akwai har yanzu kusan ba da hannu a cikin binciken da kudade.

Musamman kwakwa namo

Kwakwa - perennial amfanin gona da cewa bada 'ya'ya shekara zagaye, amma ga mafi girma itatuwa dauki lokaci mai tsawo. Masu zuba jari sha'awar sauri riba, kasance m, don gudanar da shekaru goma na gudanar da bincike da shirye-shirye, wanda sau da yawa dole yadda ya kamata magance matsalolin dangantaka da namo Shelter.

A kasashen da girma Shelter, iyaka albarkatun genebanks da kuma dakunan gwaje-gwaje da ba su da zama dole kasafin kudin, manpower, kayan aiki da fasaha da horo ga sarrafawa manual pollination, kazalika da sauran ayyuka, kamar tarin, faye hali da kuma zabin da samfurori.

Brands cewa samar da kwakwa ruwa za su iya aikatãwa biliyoyin kawai muddin Shelter ne da yawa da bambance bambancen. More muhimmanci, mutane a fadin duniya dõgara a kan tsaro na wannan m samfurin. Kullawa da nan gaba ya zama wani fifiko ga duk wanda ya ke tsiro Shelter, cin su, da samun su riba.