Jigon kumbura. ta haddasawa

Kumbura babban mai tsanani barazana ga kowace kasa macroeconomics. A hallakaswa sakamakon wannan sabon abu ne na girma kamar snowball, kuma idan lokaci ba ya dauki cigaba, auka shi ne makawa. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin daki-daki da wadannan al'amurran da wannan mummunan tattalin arziki sabon abu kamar kumbura: da yanayi, yana sa, iri.

Term nufin wani sabon abu da fãra daga Latin kalmar «inflatio», wanda aka fassara a cikin Rasha nufin "busa" ko "busa". Gaskiyar cewa daga ainihin kumbura shi ne dogon isa da m depreciation na kudi sa da ya wuce kima da kuma m karuwa a yawan tsabar kudi da kuma wadanda ba tsabar kudi a wurare dabam dabam. Wannan shi ne fice monetary taro , kamar yadda aka "cikin ƙaho up" da "kumbura". Yanã bãyar da wani "kumbura" wani gagarumin rashin daidaituwa a cikin tattalin arzikin - wani rashin daidaituwa daga wadata da kuma bukatar.

A takaice bayyana yanayin hauhawar farashin kaya na iya zama irin wannan makirci: kudi batun - da depreciation na kudi - farashin ƙaruwa - watsi. Wato, da saki mai yawa da takarda kudi unsecured zinariya reserves a cikin aljihun kasa, haddasa su hanawa da kuma a sakamakon - da ci gaba da Yunƙurin a farashin. Tashin farashin bukatar manyan tsabar kudi ciyarwarsu, sakamakon wani karancin kudi a wurare dabam dabam da kuma ci gaba da zuwa na gaba batun takardar kudi. Kuma wannan curi ƙaruwa a size, tightening jihar a cikin wata mai zurfi da tattalin arziki rami.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa kumbura halayyar da wurare dabam dabam na takarda kudi, cikin sharuddan da real dukiya (zinariya ko azurfa), shi ne kawai zai yiwu ba. Wannan a kanta ne da wani tattalin arziki sabon abu ba za a iya kira wani samfurin na zamani tattalin arzikin. Komawa ga events na tarihi gazawar kamata a lura da cewa wadannan matakai kullum halayyar wani m tattalin arzikin: a sau da yaƙe-yaƙe, juyin, crises, da mulki daga tattalin arziki management system zuwa wani, da dai sauransu Kumbura, jigon wanda shi ne cikakken bayyanannu a wadannan lokuta, ne ya sa ta a take hakkin doka na monetary kudi na gwamnatin ciyarwarsu ta hanyar bayar da takarda kudi.

Kuskure gano jigon kumbura ne kawai tare da farashin ƙaruwa. Wannan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki sabon abu ne sosai fiye da rikitarwa. Bugu da kari, inflationary matsin lamba ne zai yiwu ba tare da farashin ƙaruwa lokacin da akwai wani depreciation na kudi, kamar karancin dukiya, a cikin hali na kayyade darajar jihar na dukiya. A wannan yanayin, a real dakushe tamanin da kudin da aka ba a lura, amma kudi albashi depreciate, don haka shi ne, ba zai yiwu ka ciyar da tanadi a kan sayan wanda bai isa abubuwa. A karuwa a cikin irin wannan "tilasta" tanadi kaiwa ga samuwar na "inflationary overhang", a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da jihar da aka yanke shawarar a kan shirya farashin ƙaruwa. Wannan shi ne, a lokacin da wani rashin daidaituwa kayayyaki-kudi, dangantakar tattalin arziki da ke jihar yana fuskantar zargin kumbura, kuma ta kabari sakamakon.

Akwai uku da manyan iri kumbura, dangane da kudi na farashin ƙaruwa:

• matsakaici ko rarrafe (har zuwa 10% a kowace shekara);
• galloping (daga 20% zuwa 200% a kowace shekara);
• hyperinflation (sama da 200% a kowace shekara).

Babban Sanadin monetary girma wajen qaddamar da hauhawar farashin kaya matakai:

• rashin daidaituwa na kudaden shiga da kuma kashe kudi ba na jiha, wato, da kasafin kudin gaira.
• wuce kima zuba jari, abu don wuce kima samar da daya da irin kaya da rashi na sauran.
• soja bayar wa.
• zamantakewa da siyasa m yanayi irin buga, siyasa nastabilnost da dai sauransu.;
• kurakurai a cikin hali na jama'a manufofin kamar yadda farashin, haraji, kasafin kudi, da kuma monetary.

Saboda haka, jigon kumbura, sabon abu na Multi-factor, shi ne a duk wani tsari na depreciation na kudi, tanã fita farashin da kuma kara da kudi wadata.