Jawabin Genre: definition, iri. oratory

A zamanin tsohuwar Girka, ikon magana eloquently dauke art. Duk da haka, da rarrabuwa da aka yafi da za'ayi kawai tsakanin krasnosloviem, shayari, kuma mukaddashin kerawa. Rhetoric yafi fassara a matsayin kimiyya da kalma da kuma shayari, litattafan kuma balaga. Ta - wani mawãƙi da master of kalmomi. A tsufa, rhetoric sanar. Speakers an mafi koma ga exceptionally poetic dabaru, tare da wani ra'ayi zuwa ƙarfafa expressiveness na jawabin nasa. Yau, jawabin Genre sanin ko dangane da sadarwa kansu, daidai eigenfunction: sadarwa, sadarwa da kuma mataki.

Duba daban-daban Thinkers na rhetoric

A da ra'ayoyi da dama da tsoho gabascin samu likening rhetorical fasaha ma'adanin na zanen da sassaka, da kuma gine-gine kimiyya. Amma irin wadannan maganganu sau da yawa duba tabbatacce. Mafi sau da yawa dauke oratory matsayin nasa yar'uwarsa arts scene kuma shayari. Aristotle a cikin "rhetoric" da "Poetics", kwantanta da balaga da kuma shayari, gano wani abu a na kowa tsakanin su. Kuma Cicero, a jama'a kalamai yin amfani da aiki da dabaru. Daga baya magana Genre matsayin oratory kafa dangane tsakanin shayari, oratory kuma mukaddashin kerawa. A wannan Lomonosov M. V. a cikin aikinsa a bakin ( "Quick Fara Guide domin amfanin magoya krasnosloviya") yayi Magana game da muhimmancin gaske na m aka gyara na jama'a magana. A cewar ta definition, oratory nufin euphony, Ina nufin "Ka faɗa da kyau." A ƙawa da ikon da kalmar, sama-sama aka bayyana ta wakiltar, iya ta da hankali da kuma gamsar da mutum sha'awa. Wannan shi ne, bisa ga masanin kimiyya, babban manufar da lasifika. Similar ra'ayoyi aka bayyana a cikin littafin Merzlyakov AF "A gaskiya halaye wani mawãƙi da orator" (1824).

rhetoric kuma shayari Mu

Merzlyakov ya wadãtu da mawãƙi da orator matsayin mutane da hannu a cikin wannan m aiki. Wannan ya nuna cewa shi ba ya zana wani kaifi bambanci tsakanin mawãƙi da orator. A wani aboki na shayari kuma krasnosloviya wanda yana da wani jawabin Genre, ya rubuta Belinskiy V. G. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa shayari - shi ne kaifin rabi (ba wata manufa amma a wajen). Rasha kotu kakakin Koni A. F. rubuta game da art na jama'a magana a matsayin gaskiya kerawa, sanã'ar da ya hada da abubuwa na shayari, ya nuna baki. Ya - wani mutum wanda dole ne a creative kwatanci. A cewar Connie, bambanci tsakanin mawãƙi da orator ne cewa su ne daya da kuma guda gaskiya zo, fara daga daban-daban wuraren view.

Mene ne jawabin Genre? Fassara manufar magana

A janar ra'ayi na jawabin an fassarta rabe-kamus da reference books kamar wani aiki da magana ta amfani da harshe da nufin hulda da sauran membobin wannan harshe kungiyar, tare da yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na magana, da manufar wanda - da canja wurin da hadaddun abun ciki, ciki har da bayanai da nufin a saurarõnsu da kuma karfafa shi da aiki ko amsa. Yana daukan lokaci da kuma sanya a cikin wani sauti (ciki har da ciki) ko a rubuce. A sakamakon irin wannan ayyuka ne mai ƙayyadadden ajali ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko harafi. A zamani yi oratory ke bayan da poetic balaga, yadda yake a tsufa. Salo magana ƙaddara da manufa da kuma wajen. Domin kowane irin magana alama su nau'o'i, wanda a kan lokaci da aka classified bisa ga kwatance da kuma styles. Wannan al'adu form magana mũnãna resistant irin ciwon theme, a stylistic yanayi da abun da ke ciki.

Nau'in na jama'a magana (murya) Genre

A kimiyyar zamani, jawabin Genre suna classified kamar haka: zamantakewa da siyasa, ilimi, shari'a, jindadin, coci da kuma tauhidin (Ruhaniya). Irin magana Genre halin da musamman abu na magana da ciwon halaye a cikin tsarin bincike da kuma a irin wannan kima.

Nau'in ne situational kuma thematic hali. Yana daukan la'akari da wasanni na halin da ake ciki, da topic da kuma ta dalili. Zamantakewa da siyasa damuwa: wasanni a zaman jama'a, siyasa, tattalin arziki, al'adu, mai da'a da kuma halin kirki, kimiyya da fasaha batutuwa, summary rahotanni, diplomasiyya, soja da kuma m rallies, agitatorial majalisar. A musamman wuri nasa ne cikin ruhaniya rhetoric a coci da kuma tauhidin rayuwa. Yana da muhimmanci ga gabatar da gabatarwa na addini jigogi.

Tauhidi, kuma m styles

By coci-tauhidin style of oratory hada-daban na jawabin nau'o'i, ciki har da wa'azi, gaisuwa, obituaries, hirarraki, wa'azin, haruffa, laccoci a tauhidin makarantu, da yake magana da kafofin watsa labarai (malamai persons). Wannan salo ne na musamman: kamar yadda dalibai yawanci mũminai. Topics jawabai dauka daga Littãfi, rubuce-rubucen da Church Ubanni da sauran kafofin. Wasa a cikin Genre da ake kira da fasali na aikin hukuma, kasuwanci da kuma ilimi styles. Ya dogara ne a kan wani tsarin yakan haifar da wanzuwar hukuma takardun. Irin wannan magana da aka mayar da hankali a kan bincike na halin da ake ciki a kasar, duniya events, manufar wanda - haskaka takamaiman bayani. Sun hada da siyasa, tattalin arziki, da kuma sauran irin facts, kima da abubuwan da suka faru, shawarwari, rahotanni a kan aikin yi. Matsayin mai mulkin, su ne duqufar zuwa ainihin matsalolin ko farin kira, bayani na msar tambayar yanayin da shirye-shirye.

Selection da kuma yin amfani da albarkatun ilimin harshe

A wannan yanayin, na farko na dukkan muhimmanci topic da kuma manufa saitin wasanni. Wasu siyasa da jawabai halin da stylistic siffofin cewa faye hali m style, wanda yana nuna impersonality ko rauni magana, canza launi littafin, da siyasa, ƙamus, fasaha sharuddan (misali, tattalin arziki). Wadannan siffofin faye hali fasali na jawabin Genre da kuma sanin ko za a yi amfani da (na gani, wani tunanin) to cimma da ake so sakamako. Alal misali, a wani taro na daftarin rahoton ne hali, amma shi ne da za'ayi tare da yin amfani da salon magana ƙamus da kuma cakude. A karin misalin mai tambaya Stolypina P. A. "a dama na manoma barin al'umma" (tsĩrar da majalisar kasa na 03/15/1910)

Academic da shari'a balaga

Ga ilimi oratory ne halin da magana, taimaka a siffar da irin kimiyya ganewarsu da ya bambanta da zurfin argumentativeness, dabaru da al'adu. Wadannan sun hada da laccoci a jami'o'i, bincike rahotanni da sake dubawa (posts). Hakika, da harshe style ilimi oratory ne kusa da kimiyya, amma shi ne sau da yawa amfani da ma'ana da kuma na gani kayan aikin. Alal misali, Academician Nechkin ya rubuta game da Klyuchevskoi matsayin master wanda magana Rasha daidai. Kliuchevskoi ƙamus haka arziki da cewa yana yiwuwa a sami da yawa kalmomi da wallafe-wallafen harshen, m juyin, karin magana da rayayyu maganganu hali na tsohon takardun. Academic balaga a Rasha gona da aka kafa a farkon na XIX karni. kuma an nufin tada jama'a da kuma siyasa sani. Platform for m oratorical wasanni ya zama jami'a sassan. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa a 40-60 shekaru. suka zo yin aiki da matasa da masana kimiyya, wanda aka halin da m Turai ideas. Granovsky, Soloviev, sassan, Mendeleev, Stoletov, Timiryazev, Vernadsky Fersman, Vavilov - malaman, wanda makari da masu sauraro tare da jawabin nasa.

Shari'a jawabai art ne don samar da niyya da kuma tasiri tasiri a kan masu sauraro. Ware: m (la'anta) da kuma lauya (tsaron gida) magana.

A iri-iri siffofin

A bambancin da yanayi da tsari na amfani da harshe ne saboda kasancewar da yawa siffofin mutum aiki. Irin maganganun da aka rubuta da kuma baka. Su yi tunani da takamaiman filin yanayi da kuma matsaloli saboda da abun ciki, style, kayayyakin aiki, (ƙamus, phraseology, nahawu), abun da ke ciki. Bigiren amfani fitar da nau'o'i da iri. Wadannan sun hada da mabukaci tattaunawa, labarin, rubuce-rubuce, domin kasuwanci takardun.

Heterogeneity halitta wahala a kayyade da janar yanayin da kalamai.

Jawabin nau'o'i kasu kashi na biyu kuma na farko (sauki da kuma hadadden). Complex - aka rubuta (mafi yawa wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu, kimiyya articles, da dai sauransu). Simple - sadarwa ta hanyar magana. Idan ka mayar da hankali kawai a kan primary, za a halin da ake ciki na "vulgarization" na matsalar. Kawai nazarin iri biyu hadin kai ne da ilimin harsuna da philological darajar.

Matsalar nau'o'i Bakhtin

A rabo na al'ada (kasa) da kuma mutum styles - wannan matsala batun kalamai. Domin ya zama saba da style, akwai buƙatar ka kai a alhakin tsarin kula da tambaya na nazarin salo (da magana). Gaskiyar cewa za mu iya zama a gaskiya kawai a cikin nau'i na kankare furcin mutum magana mutane ( 'yan wasan kwaikwayo), Bakhtin ce. Jawabin nau'o'i su ne tushen ra'ayi a kan manufar da shi a matsayin real naúrar sadarwa. A cewar Bakhtin, shi ne jefa a cikin nau'i na wata sanarwa, da kuma ba tare da shi a can ba zai iya zama. The canji na jawabin batutuwa - na farko siffa daga cikin furcin. Na biyu - wannan shi ne kamalar (mutunci), wanda yana da alaka da:

• abu-ji da ci;
• jawabin niyyar (nufin magana).
• siffofin kammala, hankula qagaggun da kuma kammala salo.

Salo shirya sanarwa musababin zabi na ƙamus. MM Bakhtin dora muhimmanci Salo siffofin. Ta hanyar da amincewa da Genre daga farkon sosai, dole mu yi sadarwa a ji na dukan magana. Ba tare da wannan sadarwa zai zama da wuya da kuma kusan ba zai yiwu.

baka Genre

Na baka - shi ne jawabin cewa wani mutum ya ji. A wannan yanayin, shi ance kawai waɗanda "sauti da hotuna" da suke kusa da shi, ne bayyananne. Sauran ayyukan da aka tsalle, kamar yadda suka ce, "kurãme kunnuwa". Wannan wajibi ne, saboda dukan maganar da jawabin rafi, yanzu daya bayan daya, ba Yunƙurin ga hotunan a kan manufa na metonymy, contiguity, dabaru. A sadarwa amfani da wadannan baka magana nau'o'i:

• tattaunawar - mu'amala ko wasu bayanai.
• compliments - yabo interlocutor, wanda manufa - su faranta masa rai.
• labarin - a monologue da daya daga cikin interlocutors, manufar wanda - da labarin taron, aukuwa, da dai sauransu.;
• tattaunawar - jawabin da nufin interlocutor, da nufin sanar, bayyana ko gano da dangantaka.
• shawarwari - tattaunawa da nufin gano gaskiya.

Shi ne baki kamar yadda a cikin rubuce-rubuce, ta dokoki da ka'idoji. Wani lokaci wasu daga cikin shortcomings na magana, kamar ba a kare ba kalamai, rauni tsarin, shiga tsakanin zumunta, reprises, da kuma irin abubuwa - shi ne mai zama dole yanayin ga nasara da kuma tasiri da sakamakon.

Tattaunawa a cikin jawabin nau'o'i

A tattaunawa yana tare da m amfani da zama dole ga fassarar jawabin Genre "paralinguistic" wajen. Yau da kullum-mabukaci tattaunawa - shi ne da mulkin "gauraye" harshen, wanda aiwatar da sadarwa aiki a kusa dangane da wadanda ba ilimin harsuna wajen. A halayyar alama na sadarwa ta hanyar magana ne a tattaunawa manufa. Wannan yana nufin cewa sadarwa matsayin ake alternating jihar (shi ne rawar da canjawar). Bisa ga ƙa'ida, shi kama da wannan: daya ce - na biyu sauraro. Amma wannan shi ne wani manufa makirci, wanda kusan ba ya faruwa a tsarkake form. Ji sau da yawa ya zauna m, ko ɗan hutu cika fuska, gestures (paralinguistic hanyar sadarwa). Features cewa faye hali mabukaci tattaunawa:

• ne unplanned.
• mai fadi da dama al'amurran da suka shafi a cikin tattaunawa.
• da sauri canji.
• conversational style .
• da rashin hari.
• wani tunanin da ma'ana.

Koyi ma'adanin na oratory. Wannan yana da muhimmanci sosai a rayuwarmu!