Ina da kogin empties a cikin Don: makirci. Ina fãra kogin Don?

Don yana da ko da yaushe sha'awar mutum - m da kuma iko, da yawa aikin gandu. Ya lazimta a ayoyi da yawa da kuma kasidu, kazalika da Yenisei. Ko da yake akwai wani tambaya abin da kogin ne ya fi tsayi - Don ko da Yenisei, duk da haka ba shi yiwuwa a kwatanta su - kowane a yadda kyau da kuma kowane yana da nasa wuri a Rasha wallafe-wallafe.

A Don Bugu da kari, akwai wasu sunaye. A cikin kwanaki na zamanin d Girka, aka kira Tanais ko Girgis. Ancient kypchaki kira Don - Ten. The kalmar "dong" na nufin "mai yawa tashoshi" ko "kogin da sãɓãwar launukansa tashar."

Daga ina kuma inda kogin Don gudana

A baya can an yi tunanin cewa Don fãra a cikin tafkin, Ivan, amma kamar yadda ya juya waje, da effluent daga wannan tafki a cikin kõgi, ba ya faruwa. Wannan shine tushen Don Novomoskovsk, akwai ko da wani kafa gine-gine da abun da ke ciki "Source na Don." Amma saboda da kusanci na kogin gudãna zuwa tafki Shatskikh, da yawa imani da cewa shi ne tushen da shi, amma shi ba.

River baya zuwa catchment yanki na kawai Volga, Danube, Kama da Dnieper, amma Don ba sosai dogon - 1870 km. Ikon da kyakkyawa Don sung a da yawa wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu, kazalika da Yenisei. A tambaya shi ne: Wanne ne ya fi tsayi kogin - Don ko da Yenisei? A daidai amsar - da Yenisei. Amma kwatanta wadannan biyu koguna ne ba zai yiwu, kowane ne na musamman da ya bar wani m alama.

A wani teku River gudana a cikin Don? A Tekun Azov. Kogin a Rostov-on-Don Forms m Delta, wani yanki na 540 murabba'in kilomita. Daga shi bar mai yawa na bututu: Manyan Kuterma, Dead Donets, Great Tower da sauransu.

Kasa mu tattauna a more daki-daki, inda kogin empties a cikin Don. A zane nuna nawa da kogin gudana a cikin ta.

A halin da kogin kwari

Don - kwaruruka kogin da fadi da ambaliyar ruwa a fili, ba su da wani babban bakin kofa da gudana sannu a hankali. Figure santsi tsaye profile, da talakawan sabawa ne 0.1 ppm. Don nisa a cikin ƙananan kai har zuwa 15 km.

The dama kogin yana da wani m gangara. A bar banki na low-maƙaryaciya, kuma lebur. A kasa na kogin za ka iya samun jari na alluvium. Track tare da kuri'a na m yashi Shoals.

The ruwa tsarin mulki na kogin Don

A kogin catchment yanki ne manyan isa, amma ta ruwa da abun ciki ne in mun gwada low. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Don gudana ta hanyar da steppe da gandun daji steppe zone. Babban rawa ga kogin taka snow abinci, wanda asusun domin kusan 70%, ruwan sama da kuma ruwan karkashin kasa - kananan. Kamar mafi yawan daga cikin waɗansu kõguna na wannan yanki, Don yana da babban spring komowar ruwa, a lokacin da sauran shekara - da low ruwa lokaci.

A ko'ina cikin kogin ruwa matakin jeri daga 8 m zuwa 13 m.

Shekara-shekara amfani, Don shi ne 2 l / sec / square km (900m³ / c).

A watan Nuwamba da Disamba, Don freezes. Daskare yana daga kwanaki 30 a cikin nisa da tushe da kuma zuwa 140 days a saman.

A halayyar siffa daga cikin kogin ne cewa high ruwa wuce a biyu taguwar ruwa. A farko kalaman - da "sanyi". Cikin kogin samun narke ruwa daga cikin ƙananan ya kai. The biyu kalaman - "dimi", kuma shi ya kawo ruwa daga sama ɓangare na kogin.

Amfani da kogin na ayyukan mutane

Don River taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Don gane da abin da yake haka na ƙwarai wannan kogin isa ya tuna inda kogin empties a cikin Don. Domin kusan 1,600 km daga bakin kogi ne navigable. Liski birni ne dake 1355 km daga wurin mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Don zuwa Azov Sea, tare da hanyar da za ka iya kullum hadu da kotu.

A shekarar 1952 aka gina shi da Volga-Don Canal. Ya aka haƙa a kusa da garin Kalach, tun a wannan lokaci da kogin lanƙwasa na Don fuskanci Volga ga mafi žarancin nisa - 80 km. A canal ya shirya a cikin 4 shekaru bayan shiri ya fara, babu irin wannan abu a duniya da aka ba haka sauri sa a cikin aiki. A tsawon na Volga-Don canal ya kilomita 101 da kuma sanya shi yiwuwa a saki da dama tekuna: Baltic, Black, Azov, White kuma Caspian.

Kusa Voronezh aka gabatar a cikin aiki na Novovoronezh NPP a 1967 Rostov NPP da aka gina a 2001, kuma shi ne dake kusa da eponymous gari.

A Don aka gina tafki - Tsimlyanskoe. Akwai kuma wani Tsimlyansk hydroelectric iko tashar. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ruwa hydrological abu amfani da ruwa da aikin gona da kuma ƙasar Volgograd a Rostov yankuna.

Flora da fauna daga cikin kogin Don

Floodplain dausayi, fadamun, m gauraye gandun daji located tare da Don River. Inda ya samo asali, inda gudana da kuma cewa za a iya gani tare da bankunan na kogin? A gaba ɗayansa, za ka iya saduwa da wani iri-iri Flora: sedge, bulrush, cinquefoil, Willow, Willow, Birch, krushinnik, alder da kuma sauran wakilan fauna ne sosai bambancin cikin jinsin abun da ke ciki .. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa: kwãɗi, da newts. Dabbobi masu rarrafe: kuma ja-eared kunkuru, ciyawa maciji, da viper. Dabbobi masu shayarwa: weasel, dabbar beaver, mink, Otter, jemagu, muskrat. Tsuntsaye: heron, warbler, storks, zakara, snipe, duck.

Cikin dukanin Don River da aka samu game da 70 jinsunan kifaye. Wasu wa'adi da nau'i nau'i saboda mutum aiki. Mafi na kowa bream, rudd, crucian irin kifi, damuwa, Pike, burbot. Rare: catfish, sturgeon, beluga, sturgeon.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa kwanan nan shigar tsananin iko a kan miyagun jinsunan kifaye. Domin kamawa rare jinsuna hõre tarar a warware. Bugu da kari, Nurseries girma kifi, wanda daga baya aka saki a cikin daji.

Matsalolin muhalli na cikin Don River

The tambaya da muhalli matsala na kogin ya zama ƙara gaggawa a kowace shekara. A mafi m matsalar da tsarkakewa daga ruwa daga sharar gida, mai spills, wanda aka kafa a sakamakon jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar man fetur hatsarori. A baza na blue-kore algae kuma yin mummunan tasiri a kan muhalli jihar na kogin, tare da sakamakon cewa ana barazana tare da nau'i nau'i, wasu jinsunan kifaye da kuma shuke-shuke.

The ruwa matakin a cikin kogi an rage a sakamakon m amfani.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, ayyukan don magance munanan al'amurran da suka shafi kogin ruwan da aka halitta, ciki har da Don. Azov Sea (wanda gudana a cikin Don River) kuma yana da wani yawan matsalolin: gidan ya toshe ruwaye, da bacewar wasu jinsunan kifaye da kuma rage a ruwa matakin - shallowing.