Hazaka yara Rasha. Aiki tare da hazaka yara. Hazaka yara a wani kindergarten. A hazaka yaro ne ...

A zamani tsarin ilimi bautar wani wuri na musamman dalibi-tsakiya tsarin kula da yaro. Yau ne bai isa ba kawai auku da misali na ilimi da ƙaramin tsara. Yana da muhimmanci a kuyi wani jitu hali na yaro. Yana ake bukata, don su bincika a hankali ga aiwatar da irin wannan aiki son zũciyõyinsu, kuma dama, damar iya yin komai na kowane yaro. A dangane da ci gaban irin wannan halin a duniya al'umma, akwai aka ƙara da hankali ga masana ilimin tunani na, malamai da batun na hazaka yara. Idan ma kawai 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, wannan ra'ayi nufi da cewa mutum yana da wani supernormal damar iya yin komai, amma a yau an bayyana in ba haka ba.

A wannan labarin, za mu gano yadda za a bayyana kwarewarsu na hazaka yara, da hanyoyin da ganewar asali ne mai yiwuwa a gano su da kuma abin da su ne siffofin da pedagogical aiki tare da wadannan yara.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na mas'ala ta "giftedness"

Duk da cewa a yau da hazaka yaro - rare kuma alamar mutum, sai kwanan nan da ganewa da kuma ci gaban da damar iya yin komai, a yara da aka ba tsunduma a wani Psychologists ko masana kimiyya.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na manufar "iyawa" (characterizing ya fara tasawa) Dates baya da dama ƙarni. Saboda haka, a zamanin da, mutane halin da wasu damar iya yin komai, kuma unconventional basira, mallaka wani babban matakin ilimi ikon, suka tsaya daga taron: su zabe shugabannin kabilar, sun zama shamans ko healers.

Sharuddan kamar "baiwa" da "iyawa", ya samo asali a cikin sau, a tarihin duniya. An sani cewa wannan sanannen zamanin babban adadin fice m mutane da gabascin. Binciko ayyuka na daban-daban mawallafa na wannan lokaci, za ka iya zaɓar wani babban ra'ayin na cewa baiwa da kuma iyawa - ba kõme ba sai a kyauta daga alloli. Saboda haka kalmar 'baiwa', wanda fassara daga Latin matsayin "ruhu." Ancient masana falsafa yi imani da cewa mutane da sabon abu damar iya yin komai, a wani filin da aka aiko ta da gumakan domin inganta data kasance duniya. Wannan ra'ayin da aka bayyana a cikin treatises na G. Hegel, Kant da sauransu.

Wane ne wannan da "baiwa" a cikin fahimtar tsoho gabascin? Yana ne wajen wani mythological adadi, wanda jũna a cikin mutane na cewa lokaci m Demi-Allah a surar mutum. Farko, kuma farkon dangana ga baiwa da kasida da kuma artists, da kuma kawai daga baya ya zama talented mutane zuwa matsayi shahararren masu bincike da kuma jama'a Figures.

Kawai a cikin tsakiyar karni XIX masanin kimiyya F. Galton (dan uwan na Charles Darwin ta) ka'idar da aka sa a gaba da "duniya" asalin mutum da basira. A cikin littafinsa "hereditary iyawa: ta dokokin da sakamakon," da bincike ya ce da basira da aka gada. Wadannan binciken kimiyyar da aka gwaje bincikar asalinsu tarihi na 300 iyalansu.

Amma a lokaci guda akwai wasu ra'ayoyi a kan asalin iyawa. Musamman, masu bincike sun nuna cewa, a hazaka yaro - ba a kyauta yanayi ko allahntaka sojojin. A mawallafa na da ra'ayin "tsabta Slate" ( "Tabula tseren") jayayya da cewa yara suna haifa ba tare da sun gaji damar iya yin komai, wani predisposition zuwa sabon abu shafi tunanin mutum aiki. Kuma samuwar baiwa shafi zamantakewa yanayi da kuma tarbiyyar. Wannan mahanga da wani wuri a cikin zamani al'umma. Kuma bã su da wasu gaskiya - lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, yanayi yana da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban yara damar iya yin komai, amma ware da na halitta son zũciyõyin mutum, kwayoyin predisposition aikata ba.

ilimi giftedness

Tare da ci gaban likita da m kimiyya muhimmanci karu da damar bincike da kuma nazarin abubuwan da ayyana manufar giftedness. A wannan lokacin, mafi muhimmanci rarrabẽwa ga kimantawa da damar iya yin komai ya zama abin da ake kira matakin da m (IQ). Irin malamai kamar A. Binet, tsananin, G. Müller, G. Vyzenk, D. Hebb, musamman gwaje-gwaje da aka tsara don sanin ko kayyade halaye. Amma wannan m ya kasance batun da zargi.

Abokan adawar da wannan ka'idar yi jãyayya da cewa ko da mutane tare da wani low matakin na ilimi cin iya ƙãra. Akwai lokutta idan yara suna haife tare da kwayoyin cututtuka suka mallaka} oron a yankunan kamar, misali, art, music, Arts and Crafts da sauransu.

A ra'ayi na endowments a Rasha a farkon karni XX

Wannan lokaci ne halin da karuwa a sha'awa a cikin matsalar da hazaka yara. Masana kimiyya da dama, masana ilimin tunani da kuma malamai suna kokarin bayar da mafi madaidaici halitta da irin wannan sabon abu. Kuma ci gaba daban-daban hanyoyin da ganewar asali damar iya yin komai na yara. Saboda haka, GI tsarin da aka kõma sama Rossolimo, wanda hada da ji na hali dabiu kamar:

• so.
• da hankali.
• associativity.
• haddar.

Saboda haka, kamar yadda aka nuna a gwaje da wani hazaka yaro - wannan ba shi ne kawai daya da cewa yana da wani babban matakin da hankali. Iya karfi-Yã so yara ne daban-daban halaye, kwanciyar hankali da hankali da kuma memory, m tunani.

A wannan lokacin, shi ne ya fara tsara da kuma tabbatar ta hanyar kimiya ra'ayin cewa yaro ta iyawa ne ɓullo da a kan tushen nakasar kayyade predisposition a cikin tsari na zamantakewa, ilimi da kuma ilimi da ayyukan.

Ban sha'awa ra'ayoyi K. Sototina: Wannan marubucin ya bayar da hujjar cewa ƙãra iya zama kowane mutum a sakamakon na yau da kullum motsa jiki. Conversely, m ikon iya bace a cikin bakin ciki iska idan suka ba su ci gaba.

Great taimako ga tunani na giftedness da NS Leites, BM Teplov, AG Bitrus da sauransu.

Kuma lura da cewa a cikin farkon karni XIX, ban da zalla ilimi amfani da matsalar giftedness da kuma shiga cikin zaman jama'a bukatar ci gaba, nazarin wannan sabon abu. Modern al'umma tana bukatar talented mutane: m ideas, binciken kimiyya, high nasara a wani filin na ilimi taimaka ga ci gaban kowane mutum da kuma kasa baki daya.

Wannan mas'ala ta giftedness

Don kwanan wata, babu wani tsari guda takamaiman wording irin wannan abu a matsayin "baiwa." Kowane bincike sami ya kusanta zuwa wannan matsala. Duk da haka, idan muka bincika tabbacin hankali da pedagogical adabi, yana yiwuwa ya ayyana "iyawa" kamar yadda ingancin da mutum psyche cewa tasowa cikin rayuwa da kuma shafi mutum ta ikon cimma sakamakon cewa bambanta daga tuta. Psychologists kuma nuna cewa, wannan sabon abu - sakamakon da hulda da m adam data, da kewaye al'umma da kuma m kai-raya sunadaran.

Me Psychologists sun zo Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa shi ne a cikin shimfiɗar jariri ya biya musamman da hankali ga bincike da kuma ci gaban da kwarewarsu? Da cewa shi ne a cikin samartaka ne da samuwar wani iri-iri na mutum m halaye. Ilimi na hazaka Children - wani muhimmin bangaren nan gaba cigaban damar iya yin komai. Saboda haka, malamai kamata biya musamman da hankali ga dalibai. Yara shekaru ne halin da wani karin ayyuka na daban-daban shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai na ainihi samuwar. Wannan shi ne m asa ga ci gaban m gabbai baby.

Wanda ya kasance mai hazaka yaro? Wannan shi ne wata tambaya ga wanda bãbu guda amsar. Saboda haka, to date, akwai m ra'ayin kamar yadda:

• Hazaka yara - shi ne mai rarity, sabon abu ikon ci gaba a aiwatar da ilimi;
• duk yara, ana haifuwarsu ne mai hazaka, da kara bayyana kwarewarsu dogara a kan yanayi na al'umma.

Duk da haka dai, da hazaka yaro - shi ne wani mutum wanda farfado da wani sama talakawan sa matakin. Ta yaya ya kamata tabbatar da wadannan guda damar iya yin komai - a wani daya musamman yanki na ilimi ko kawai yadda za a gane asali su a wani wuri shekaru, da cewa shi ne "misali", da kuma cewa "eccentricity" - duk wadannan tambayoyi ci gaba da neman amsoshin Psychologists a dukan duniya.

Duk da haka, wasu structuring, umurnin data samu daga daban-daban observational karatu, da gwaje-gwajen da ya ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Za mu raba wannan bayanai a kasa.

Halayyar ãyõyin giftedness

Abin da hali dabiu iya nuna kasancewar wani yaro m ikon?

Don rarrabe tsakanin biyu al'amurran da yaron ya hali:

1. Instrumental - yadda da yaro ya yi aikin wasu mataki.
2. Motivational - kayyade yaro ta hali zuwa aiki.

Bi da bi, wadannan fannoni na hali za a iya bincikar bisa ga wadannan sharudda. Saboda haka, kayan aiki ne halin da:

• azumi (da ake kira "ba-shekaru") rinjãye wani aiki, ta nasara aiwatar.
• bisa ƙirƙira sababbin hanyoyin warware halin yanzu matsalar halin da ake ciki.
• da samuwar m ideas, binciken (sababbin abubuwa).

Har ila yau, wani mai hazaka yaro sau da yawa halitta da kansa style na yin wani aiki, yana da wata structuring basira, tari, analysis, kazalika da wani rarrabe irin koyo. Saboda haka, aiki tare da hazaka yara a aji bukatar mutum da sirri m.

Motivational al'amari bayyana a cikin wadannan:

• da yaro akwai ne ta ƙara sha'awa cikin wasu ayyuka.
• baby daban-daban fahimi aiki, hali to karatu, bincika mamaki.
• kai-kyautata, da kin amincewa da shirye-sanya tuta martani ga wani aiki;
• ya karu selectivity (misali, son zuciya hali ga batutuwa na art, music, da dai sauransu).

Sau da yawa hazaka yara makarantan nasare malami taped shi ga motivational ãyõyi - irin jariran da wani babban bege ga ilimi na duniya, a shirye domin experimentation, da search for dabarun warware matsalar halin da ake ciki.

Amma ganin hali na wani yaro da aka bayyana siffofin, za mu iya kawai zaton gaban wasu damar iya yin komai, kuma aptitudes.

iri giftedness

Bisa lura da yara da ciwon wasu damar iya yin komai, da masu bincike ƙarasa da cewa giftedness iya classified bisa ga wadannan sharudda:

• aiki a cikin abin da yaro yake yi da kyau.
• samar da waje nuni damar.
• mataki na ci gaba;
• Latitude bayyananen a ayyuka daban-daban na yaro.
• shekaru fasali.

A qa'idar na 'aiki' giftedness rarrabuwa dogara ne a kan sanannun biyar ayyuka: msar tambayar, m, sadarwa, ruhaniya da kuma muhimmanci da m kuma na ado. da uku shafi tunanin mutum da kiwon lafiya: wani tunanin, volitional, ilimi. Sau da yawa hazaka yara a cikin lambu suna da ikon a wani filin aiki: singing, zane, zane da sauransu.

A siffar na waje manifestations na talented da kuma hazaka yara na iya da gangariyar da kuma boye} oron. A cikin farko idan da sakamakon ayyukan da jariri ya nuna a fili ya baiwa, da ganewar asali na almajiri tare da wani latent nau'i na iyawa - da aiki na masana ilimin tunani na, malamai da iyaye na yaro. Sau da yawa wadannan yara ikon tafi undetected, sakamakon cewa da haihuwar talented mutum kawai ba ta yi amfani da m ga rayuwa.

Bisa ga digiri na ci gaba suke da daraja da basira:

1. To-date, wanda aka halin da na gani sakamakon talented yaro ta aiki. malamai aiki tare da hazaka yara, wanda ya nuna su Tala, shi ne ci gaba da bunkasa da damar don taimakawa wajen shawo kan matsalolin da sakamakon, don tilasta wa aiki.
2. A kan m ya ce a lõkacin da jariri yana da halitta da son zũciyõyinsu, kuma damar iya yin komai, wanda a halin yanzu zama undeveloped. A ganewar asali da irin wannan basira da yaron ya kamata a hannu ba kawai malamai, amma kuma iyaye na hazaka yara, bayan duk dangi da damar don tsayar da hali na baby na dogon lokaci don gane alamu.

Latitude cututtuka emit:

1. Overall iyawa, wanda aka halin da cewa da yaro ya nuna m ikon a ayyuka daban-daban da kuma wurare na gwaninta. Shi ne game da irin wadannan mutane ce: "talented mutane - talented a kome."
2. Musamman gwaninta aka bayyana ne kawai a ƙunƙuntaccen filin, kamar a music, ko zanen.

Age peculiarities endowments suna classified cikin wadannan iri:

• farkon.
• daga baya.

Saboda haka, sau da yawa malamai suna gano hazaka yara a kindergarten. Wadannan yara suna kira geeks ( "m yara"). Kamar 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, da kalmar bayyana a cikin tunani kamar yadda "da fasaha yaro prodigy." Wannan nadi da aka bai wa yara suke precocious a cikin ilimi Sphere, misali, a biyu - uku da shekara master aikin lantarki na'urori, kwakwalwa, iyali kayan. Tare da ci gaban fasaha da kuma bullo da bayanai da kuma kwamfuta da fasahar a cikin aiwatar da samuwar wadannan yara samun girma, shi ne zai yiwu ba da da ewa aka bayyana a ilmi da basira ci gaba za a yi la'akari da kullum.

Bincike Hanyar endowments

Duk da cewa masana ilimin tunani sun ci gaba daban-daban questionnaires da kuma gwaje-gwaje, da asali da hanyoyin da bincikowa da na giftedness ake kula da na halitta gwaji. A babban taimako ga kimiyya a kan wannan batu, ya gabatar AF Lazurskii. Ya miƙa zuwa watch da baby na dogon lokaci (shekaru da dama). Irin wannan binciken na baby hali, nuna wasu ikon, shi za a iya za'ayi ci gaba (kowace rana), kuma watakila - lokaci-lokaci.

Wata hanya zuwa waƙa da yaron ya predisposition zuwa wani ikon ne sada Hanyar. More sau da yawa fiye da ba, a yi, shi ne da aka gudanar a cikin irin tambayoyi.

Saboda haka, don gane da wani rukuni na yara a hazaka mutane, ya bukatar wani fanni na bincike da matakan, ciki har da:

• kallo na da hali na yaro a cikin yanayi na makarantun, gidajensu, karin azuzuwan da dama.
• sana'a kimantawa da sakamakon Toddler ayyukan;
• rike daban-daban Psycho-bincike ayyuka (safiyo, gwaje-gwaje, experimentation, da dai sauransu).
• Organization of ilimi, ta jiki da kuma m gasa.

Matsaloli na hazaka yara

Abin baƙin ciki, masana ilimin tunani na lura da cewa, hazaka yaro sau da yawa fuskantar da dama musamman matsalolin. Mun bayyana mafi kowa wadanda.

• Rashin amfani a cikin koyarwa a makarantar sakandare.
• Sau da yawa, ga ƙarfin hali shari'a, resourcefulness, ayyuka, da asali daga wadannan yara suna huska bisa, tun da shi ne yawanci malamai da kuma malamai daraja da halaye na yara, kamar yadda biyayya, m yarda da dokokin.
• A cikin hazaka yaro adult iyaye da kuma malamai wani lokacin da da yawa fatan. Baby, kula ba tada cikin manya, sau da yawa ne ya yi aikin da ayyuka, ko da yake a gaskiya ya so ya tabbatar da in ba haka ba.
• Sau da yawa wadannan yara suna yasar a cikin da'irar takwarorina.
• Yawancin lokaci, yara ne iya zabar abokai girmi kansa, amma a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki, da yara ba zai iya gane su m zuwa cikakken saboda gagarumin bambance-bambance a jiki ci gaba.

Saboda haka, aikin da hazaka yara a makarantan nasare da kuma makaranta na bukatar sanin ilimin halin dan Adam, mutum tsarin kula, da hankali da kuma responsiveness.

Features na pedagogical aiki tare da hazaka yara

Hakika, akwai siffofin na aikin da hazaka yara. A cikin al'umma akwai hasashe cewa wadannan yara ba su da bukatar da shiriya, da kuma iko da ya fara tasawa. A gaskiya ma, quite kishiyar. Yara da suke da kwarewa, suna bukatar m taimako m jagoranta. Saboda haka, hazaka yara a kindergarten har yanzu ba su sani ba su "Halin", wanda aka ba su da manya. Kawai a karkashin kai tsaye dubawa na malamin za a iya ci gaba, ya bayyana sabbin kofofin preschooler iyawa. Bugu da kari mutum zuwa mutum aiki tare da yara a makarantan nasare ganuwar, aiki a kan ci gaban da damar iya yin komai na hazaka yara na makarantan nasare shekaru ne da za'ayi a cikin daban-daban cibiyoyin farkon ci gaba.

Aiki tare da hazaka yara a aji ne a sami dama tsarin kula da dalibi, don zama wani babban jami'in 'yan'uwanmu da kuma mataimakin a aiwatar da shirya ayyukan.

Aiki tare da hazaka yara ne kuma ga ci gaba da bunkasa kwarewarsu a cikin tsarin na kara ilmi. Saboda haka, wannan tsarin a yau ya zama ba sakandare ilimi da dalibai, da kuma cikakken fledged m shugabanci, da mayar da hankali a kan gano da kuma tasowa yara damar iya yin komai.

A m da kuma ilimi adabi ne da wadannan hazaka ilimi da dabarun:

1. Zurfafa ilmi.
2. A binciken da na ilimi abu a wani kara taki.
3. Samar da matsala yanayi domin kai-da dalilin da 'ya'yansu.
4. Enrichment abu.

Jihar goyon baya ga hazaka yara

A jihar shi ne sha'awar a cikin ilimi na hazaka talented yara. Saboda haka, shan la'akari da ruhi da pedagogical fasali na aikin da manufa shirin na Rasha Federation da aka ɓullo da hazaka yara "Banĩ Rasha". Its abun ciki ya hada da wani zaman yau da kullum "hazaka Yara", da nufin haifar da yanayi na ganewa da kuma ci gaban da talented yara a jihar matakin. Wadannan ayyuka suna da za'ayi a cikin tsarin na wannan sub-shirin:

1. All-Russian gasar wasannin Olympic a raba batutuwa.
2. Gasa, gasar, gasa a cikin tsarin na kara ilmi.
3. Creative canji a sansanonin, rani makarantu domin talented yara.

Hazaka yara na kasar

Tare da girman kai zamu iya cewa Rasha shi ne mai arziki a cikin gwaninta. Yara kare mutuncin kasar m da m kasa da kasa gasa, musharaka cikin wasa faru duniya-fadi, yin a symposia da kuma kimiyya taro.

da aikin da halittar kundin "hazaka Banĩ Rasha" da aka aiwatar a cikin tsarin na jihar shirin. A cikin wannan littafin an jera sunayen da mutane da suka yi bambanta kansu a cikin wani musamman filin daga aiki. Bugu da kari, alama da makarantu da cewa sun halitta mafi sharadi gwargwado ga ci gaban dalibai 'damar iya yin komai. Har ila yau, da aka jera a cikin littafin "hazaka Banĩ Rasha" sunayen rarrabe malamai da kuma ko da patrons.

Saboda haka, ganewa da kuma ci gaban da hazaka yara - wani muhimmin aiki na duniya al'umma. Bayan duk, a cikin hannãyenku daga talented, creative, iya m unconventional tunani mutane ne gaba cin gaban wani m zamani al'umma.