Harkokin ciniki: siffofin da kuma hanyoyi na gudãnar

A tsari na duniya na tattalin arzikin duniya, tare da kimiyya da kuma fasaha ci gaba, yana da wani banbanci a kan ayyukan tattalin arziki abokai. A musamman, qara overall yawan aiki, da inganta ingancin ayyuka, akwai wani mai basira da yin amfani da albarkatun kasa. Canje-canje a cikin wadannan sigogi da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan tattalin arzikin na kowace kasa takara a matakai na kasuwancin duniya. Duk da haka, kowane mahaluži na duniya kasuwar da aka tilasta yarda da sabon bukatun hõre ta duniya tsarin. A wannan halin da ake ciki, kana bukatar lokaci zuwa lokaci, sake tunani da raga, manufofin da hanyoyin da za a cimma su a cikin jihar tasiri a waje da tattalin arziki aiki na kasar.

The main manufofin na duniya kasuwar tsarin

Musamman dacewa da mafita ga sama matsaloli batutuwa cinikayya na duniya tsarin, ciki matakai tattalin arzikin jurewa manyan canje-canje. A karkashin wadannan yanayi, da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a cikin kasar na da gagarumin tasiri a kan samuwar waje cinikayya. Tattauna da babban burin da kuma manufofin, wajen da kuma hanyoyi don cimma su. Wannan halin da ake ciki akwai a Rasha. Saboda haka, kasancewa akai search for da msar tambayar da m matakan, wanda shi ne ƙarƙashin rinjayar Rasha waje cinikayya. Manufar ayyuka ne don cimma tabbatacce muhimmancin ci gaban kasa da tattalin arziki.

Regulation na waje cinikayya a majalisu matakin

Movement of duk dukiya fadin Rasha kan iyaka ne ta hanyar mararraba posts. Su aiki ne da sanya idanu kan Kwastan Code. Wannan ya kafa dokoki, bi da bi, ya kafa musamman gwamnatocin, shirya tafiyar matakai na rajista da kuma iko. Take hakkin da dokokin wajabta ta Code, entails daban-daban -daban na azaba. Wannan kuma nuna a cikin daftarin aiki. Kwastan Code hada da wani jerin duk amfani a cikin RF watsa tsarin ma'anar. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, hada da kamar "na asali na kaya", "biya amfani a cikin zane na kayayyakin," kuma da yawa wasu. Dokar tarayya, bayyana kayan yau da kullum na jihar tsari na waje cinikayya, hada da asali kwatance na ayyuka na halitta da kuma ci gaba, shirya kungiya matsayi. Haka kuma, shi siffofin da babban ka'idodinta aiki a cikin duniya kasuwar. Kamar wancan yi kwastan dokoki na kasashen waje ciniki. Mahalarta taron, daidai da doka, ya kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Babban batutuwa na waje huldar cinikaiya. Wannan kamfanin na daban-daban iri na dukiya, wanda yana da za'ayi waje cinikayya aiki.
• A tarayya jihar kungiyoyi da kamfanoni.
• Mahalarta taron na kasa da kasa kai-da sabis wholesaler.

All doka abokai da kuma 'yan kasuwa mutum da hannu a kasuwar dangantakar ake rajista a cikin kwastan hukumomi. Duk da haka, wannan hanya ne na son rai.

kula da hanyoyin

Akwai da dama na dabarun da aka yi amfani da gwamnatin Rasha a cikin jiki na iko a kan mahalarta na kasashen waje cinikayya ayyukan. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Taƙaitawa da aka hana.
• tsara hanyoyin da alaka da alaqa da kwastan tariffs.
• Saka (haramta motsa) mataki a fagen tattalin arziki a jihar matakin.

Jihar tsari na waje cinikayya da ayyukan

Yadda ya kamata gina kungiyar na gwamnatin iko ne a key factor a cikin tasiri na tattalin arziki. Jikinsu, a karkashin shugabanci na wanda yake da waje cinikayya aiki, suna kafa a kan tushen da tarihi ci gaban kasar, ta Gwargwadon wuri da kuma janar fasali. Alal misali, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet akwai wani Karkasa jihar tsarin kenkenewa. Yana bayar da na kowa iko da kuma management a cikin filin na waje cinikayya. A nan gaba, da miƙa mulki ga kasuwar dangantakar kenkenewa tsarin da aka shafe ta. A wannan yanayin, da ma'aikatu da halartar yankuna sun samu lamba na kasa da kasa cinikayya hakkin.

Modern kula da tsarin a cikin Rasha Federation

A halin yanzu tsarin da tsari na waje cinikayya karshe an kafa a shekarar 2005. Wannan tsarin ne zuwa kashi uku matakan.

1. Tarayya. A wannan matakin, yanke shawara ake dauka ta hanyar jama'a hukumomi.
2. Regional. Nan da yanke shawara sanya da hukumomi a kasar ta yankuna.
3. Local. A wannan matakin, kasashen waje cinikayya da ayyukan sarrafawa da gida jikinsu.

A cewar gwamnatin ta yanke shawara ya halitta na musamman zartarwa cibiyoyin ɗõra wa management na waje tattalin arziki aiki. Wadannan hukumomin hada da: ma'aikatar tattalin arziki, ma'aikatar cinikayya kuma ku yi ɗã'ã Tarayya Service na Kwastan da kuma tarayya Agency for iko da musamman bangaren tattalin arziki.

Jadawalin kuɗin fito da kuma wadanda ba jadawalin kuɗin fito kula da hanyoyin

1. A gabatarwar da shigo da aikinsu a kan shigo da. Wannan hanya ne da nufin samun da abũbuwan amfãni daga m kera da kuma jihar, wanda da wani karin kudin shiga. Masu amfani da, a maimakon haka, suna tilasta su saya kaya a tsadar, sabõda haka suka kai hasãra.
2. A gabatarwar da fici. Customers sami kara amfanin rage m farashin, masana'antun dake fama da asarar da, jihar sami ƙarin albashi.

Ga nasu kayayyakin da karuwa fitar da kaya da dama na kasashen aiwatar da wadannan matakai:

• bã haraji basin kamfanonin tsunduma a fitar da kaya;
• Yana dauki bayarwa low-sha'awa rance da kuma rance ga fitarwa na kayayyakin.
• kammala wata kwangila a kan jihohi, da nufin sayar da kaya a kasashen waje.

kuma ba jadawalin kuɗin fito da hanyoyin da sarrafawa da waje cinikayya aiki. Wadannan sun hada da:

• fitarwa hani.
• Ƙa'idodi hõre ta a shigo da kaya;
• cinikayya takunkumin tattalin arziki - da ban a shigo da (fitarwa) na wani irin samfurin.
• zuba - sayar kerarre kaya a farashin ƙananan fiye da kasuwannin gida.

bude tattalin arzikin

Wannan lokaci ya kamata a fahimci aiwatar da cinikayya tare da sauran duniya ta kasuwa mahalarta tare da gabatarwar da m yawan shigo da kuma fitar da hane-hane. Domin irin wannan tattalin arzikin da aka halin high matakan da wadannan Manuniya:

• matakan da fitarwa da kuma shigo da a yawan al'umma a samar.
• babban adadin waje zuba jari a dangane da ciki;
• gaban waje ƙa'ida (GNP).

International kasuwar matsayin wani nau'i na da dangantaka

A yau duniya na cinikayya tsakanin kasashen da ake gani a matsayin babban nau'i na hulda. Matsaloli na waje kasuwar kishin wata babbar adadin kimiyya aiki, jigon wanda shi ne a sami mafi tasiri hanyoyi na ci gaba da kuma kwanciyar hankali na duniya tsarin tattalin arziki. Yana ba ya zama ba tare da hankali da kuma mafi yawansu ba ta da tasiri a zamantakewa da ci gaban al'umma. Duk da haka, duk da kasuwar duniya, da babban gwamnoni na cinikayya ne batutuwa na duniya kasuwar. Suna dogara ne a kan tattalin arziki da moriyar kasar, dangane da wanda yake shi ne kan aiwatar da hulda da sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. An bayyana a cikin samuwar kungiyoyin kwadago, halittar wasu yarjejeniyoyi a jihar matakin.