Glycolysis - shi ... Kuma da kayan yau da kullum na glucose hadawan abu da iskar shaka

A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin daki-daki cikin aerobic glycolysis, ta tafiyar matakai, bincika mataki da kuma saukarwa. A look at cikin anaerobic hadawan abu da iskar shaka na glucose, koyi game da juyin gyare-gyare na da tsari da kuma sanin da akanta.

Mene ne glycolysis

Glycolysis - shi ne daya daga cikin uku siffofin glucose hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari a cikinsa hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari kanta yana tare da a saki makamashi, wanda aka adana a cikin NADH da ATP. A kan aiwatar da glycolysis daga glucose kwayoyin samar biyu kwayoyin na pyruvic acid.

Glycolysis - wani tsari da yake faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban nazarin halittu catalysts - enzymes. Babban oxidant ne oxygen - Ya _2, duk da haka, tafiyar matakai na glycolysis iya ci gaba a cikin rashi. Wannan irin aka kira glycolysis - anaerobic glycolysis.

Glycolysis aiwatar da in babu oxygen

Anaerobic glycolysis - glucose hadawan abu da iskar shaka mataki tsari a cikin abin da glucose da aka ba da cikakken oxidized. Yana Forms daya kwayoyin na pyruvic acid. Kuma a cikin sharuddan da makamashi, glycolysis babu oxygen (anaerobic) ne kasa tasiri. Duk da haka, m da oxygen a cikin cell wani anaerobic hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari iya tuba zuwa aerobic kuma daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin cikakken tsari.

sunadaran da glycolysis

Kan aiwatar da glycolysis - wani shida-carbon glucose bazuwar pyruvate kamar yadda biyu uku-carbon kwayoyin. A tsari kanta ne zuwa kashi 5 matakai na shirye-shiryen da kuma 5, saukarwa, a cikin abin da makamashi da aka adana a ATP.

Kan aiwatar da glycolysis 2, saukarwa da 10, saukarwa ne kamar haka:

• Stage 1, Stage 1 - glucose phosphorylation. A cewar wani shida carbon zarra na glucose kanta saccharide da aka kunna ta hanyar phosphorylation.
• Mataki 2 - Isomerization na glucose-6-phosphate. A wannan mataki catalytic fosfoglyukozoimeraza fa, tã glucose cikin fructose-6-phosphate.
• Mataki 3 - fructose-6-phosphate, kuma ta phosphorylation. Wannan mataki ne da samuwar fructose-1,6-diphosphate (aldolase) da mataki na phosphofructokinase-1, wanda ke tafiya tare phosphoryl kungiyar daga adenosine triphosphate zuwa kwayoyin na fructose.
• Mataki na 4 - ne tsari na tsagawa da aldolase ta samar da biyu triose phosphate kwayoyin, wato eldozy da ketose.
• Mataki 5 - triose da isomerization. A wannan mataki, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate da aka aiko zuwa ga m matakai na tsagawa glucose da kuma dihydroxyacetone phosphate Saide a cikin nau'i na glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate da enzyme.
• Mataki 2, mataki 6 (1) - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate da hadawan abu da iskar shaka - da mataki a cikin abin da kwayoyin ne phosphorylated kuma oxidized to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate.
• Mataki 7 (2) - directed don canja wurin phosphate kungiyar zuwa ADP 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. A karshe kayayyakin na wannan mataki ne da samuwar 3-phosphoglycerate da ATP.
• Mataki 8 (3) - miƙa mulki daga 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate. Wannan tsari faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar mutase enzyme. A wannan alamomin da sinadaran dauki ne gaban magnesium (MG).
• Mataki 9 (4) - 2 fosfoglitserta dehydrated.
• Mataki 10 (5) - a Pep kuma ADP canjawa wuri phosphates sakamakon da nassi daga baya, saukarwa. Energy da aka canjawa wuri zuwa fosfoenulpirovata da ADP. Don dauki bukatar wani potassium ion (K) da magnesium (MG).

Mutated siffofin glycolysis

glycolysis tsari za a iya tare da ƙarin ƙarni na 1,3 da kuma 2,3-bifosfoglitseratov. 2,3-phosphoglycerate rinjayi nazarin halittu kara kuzari ne iya komawa zuwa da matsawa glycolysis a cikin nau'i na 3-phosphoglycerate. Rawar da wadannan enzymes bambanta, msl, 2,3-bifosfoglitserat kasancewa a cikin haemoglobin sa oxygen auku a cikin nama, gudanarwa da dissociation da rage Yã ₂ dangantaka da erythrocytes.

Mutane da yawa kwayoyin musanyãwa ga siffar glycolysis a daban-daban, saukarwa, rage su total number, ko musanyãwa su a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban enzymes. A kananan rabo daga anaerobes yana da sauran hanyoyin da carbohydrate ƙasƙanci. Mutane da yawa thermophiles kada da kawai 2 enzyme na glycolysis, cewa enolase da pyruvate kinase.

Glycogen da sitaci, disaccharides, da kuma sauran nau'o'in monosaccharides

Aerobic glycolysis - wani tsari halayyar da sauran iri carbohydrate, amma musamman shi ne muhimmi a sitaci, glycogen, mafi disaccharides (Muñoz, galactose, fructose, sucrose, da sauransu). The ayyuka daga dukan nau'i na carbohydrates suna kullum da nufin samar da makamashi, amma ƙayyadaddu su iya bambanta da manufar, amfani da haka a kan .. Ga misali, glycogen amenable glycogenesis cewa a gaskiya, shi ne fosfoliticheskim sunadaran da nufin samar da makamashi a cikin tsagawa glycogen. The sosai guda glycogen za a iya adana a cikin jiki a matsayin madadin makamashi Madogararsa. Saboda haka, misali, glucose, samu a lokacin da abinci ba, amma ba metabolized da kwakwalwa, da kuma tara a cikin hanta Za a yi amfani da wani rashi na glucose a cikin jiki kare mutum da tsanani kasawa homeostasis.

Meaning of glycolysis

Glycolysis - na musamman, amma ba kawai irin hadawan abu da iskar shaka na glucose a cikin jiki, kamar yadda cell prokaryotes da eukaryotes. Glycolytic enzymes masu ruwa mai narkewa. Reaction glycolysis a wasu kyallen takarda da Kwayoyin iya kawai faruwa a cikin wannan hanya, misali, a cikin kwakwalwa da kuma hanta Kwayoyin, nephron. Sauran hanyoyin da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na glucose ba a yi amfani da wadannan gabobin. Duk da haka, ba duka guda ayyuka na glycolysis. Alal misali, mai kuma hanta nama a lokacin narkewa cire dole substrates for kira na glucose daga mai. Mutane da yawa shuke-shuke amfani glycolysis matsayin wata hanya zuwa ga babban bangare na samar da makamashi.