Geomorphology - Mene ne cewa kimiyya? Sansanonin da abubuwa geomorphology

Shin, ba ka san cewa da karatunsa da geomorphology? Daga ta sosai sunan, za ka iya tsammani shi. Duk da haka, ba za a iya girman da cikakken definition. A halin yanzu geomorphology - da kimiyya na asalin, tsari da kuma ƙarfafa muhimmancin zamani da tarihi na duniya tamu ta surface topography. Saboda haka, abu na nazari a cikinsa - taimako. Wannan abin da geomorphology. A definition ba sama, za mu bayyanãwa daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin.

Mene ne taimako?

Mun ayyana key ra'ayi. The taimako, wanda ke karanta geomorphology, da totality of duk Duniya ta surface roughness, daban-daban shekaru, asalin, size, siffar da kuma ci gaban labarin. Za mu iya cewa wannan hadaddun siffofin, tare da da wani yanki tsarin, ana gitta su a hydrosphere, da yanayi da kuma ciki sojojin na duniya tamu. A binciken da na taimako ne sabili da haka ba zai yiwu ba, sai dai idan daya yana da cikakken sani game da kaddarorin da kuma abun da ke ciki na kankara da cewa yin shi. Bugu da kari, wajibi ne a san matakai da shafi shi.

ɓawon burodi

Ilimi ta duniya ɓawon burodi ne da muhimmanci musamman ga fahimtar cewa karatu geomorphology. Kuma gaya game da shi. Ɓawon burodi (watau cikin sama ɓangare na shi, da kuma siffofin da taimako) ne kullum canja. Ta tasiri sojojin da aka sa ta gudãna a cikin hydrosphere da kuma yanayi tafiyar matakai. A duniya ta ɓawon burodi ne samfurin na ciki (mai zurfi) matakai faruwa a cikin zurfin duniya tamu. Mutane da yawa canje-canje samu taimako. Sun zo a ƙarƙashin rinjayar duk wadannan matakai. Abin da ke cikin ƙasa na ɓawon burodi? An kafa ta metamorphic, sedimentary da igneous kankara. Sun amsa daban zuwa ciki da kuma na waje sojojin aiki a kan su.

taimako siffofin

Matattu kwayoyin halitta da kuma rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da manyan tasiri a kan taimako fasali, a kan da samuwar. Wannan tasiri ne duka biyu kai tsaye, a lokacin da samar musamman biogenic ma'aunan kasa jikinsu ko siffofin taimako, kuma a kaikaice lokacin canza sinadaran da jiki Properties na kankara da ruwa da kuma iska na Duniya bawo. Lura cewa duka da taimako na duniya da kanta, shi ne mai tarin saman da suke da gagarumin gangara, kusan a kwance, yana rinjayar da geomorphological tafiyar matakai. Alal misali, a cikin low-kwance filayen kuma a cikin duwatsu da suka faru a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban.

hypsometry sauƙi

Mun gabatar da wani ra'ayi - hypsometry taimako. Wannan matsayi ne mai qaddara kewayon Duniya ta surface game da teku matakin. Yana kuma rinjayar Relief samuwar, sau da yawa haddasa tafiyar matakai cewa ba zai iya daga ƙarƙashinsu zuwa wani hypsometric matakin. Ga wani misali. Glaciers karkashin halin yanzu yanayin damina iya faruwa a cikin Equatorial, na wurare masu zafi da kuma temperate zones kawai a high duwãtsu. A yawan matakai da aka lura kawai a kasa daga cikin teku da kuma tẽku mai zurfi, daruna.

Kalmar "taimako" za a iya kayyade kan abin da aka ce. Relief - geomorphology abu na nazari, a hade da duk lissafi siffofi na saman wanda aka kafa ta hulda da nazarin halittu ɓawon burodi, iska da kuma ruwa na duniya bawo.

taimako-kafa matakai

Tun da ɓawon burodi ne ake nufi a cikin wannan hulda, kuma mun yi magana game da magudi da ta surface ne, nazarin da taimako ne da wuya su yi tunanin ba tare da sanin ciki tsarin da siffofin da cewa samar da shi. Relief-kafa matakai ne bambancin da kuma rikitarwa mu'amala. Duk da haka, da suka da yaushe hannu da karfi na duniya a nauyi, kamar yadda daya daga babban aka gyara. Saboda haka, da farfajiya karkata ne ma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci halaye a cikin geomorphology na taimako. Bugu da kari, da "kafa" da kuma tsanani da manifestations na daban-daban na waje jamiái, da karfi na duniya a nauyi aka ƙaddara hypsometry taimako.

geomorphology dangane da kimiyyar waje da Gwargwadon sake zagayowar

Saboda haka, sauƙi - shi ne mai samfurin na ma'aunan kasa ci gaba, amma a lokaci guda kuma Gwargwadon bangaren na wuri mai faɗi. Irin wannan matsayi na abu da muka kasance sha'awar kimiyya magana daga cikin larura na ta kusa dangantaka da irin wannan rassan ilimi kamar yadda jiki labarin kasa da kuma ilmin duwatsu. Geomorphology, duk da haka, ba kawai da alaka da su. Kuma nan da nan za ka san me ya sa.

Kamar yadda muka ce, geomorphology - da kimiyya da karatu da ƙasa. Shi ne ya kamata a lura cewa yana da wani wuri na musamman a cikin tsarin da Duniya. Gaskiyar cewa taimako ne biyu da dubawa da kuma surface na hulda da bawo na duniya tamu: da hydrosphere, yanayi, lithosphere, kuma biosphere. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne - a bangaren na Gwargwadon yanayi. Saboda haka, matsakaicin hayayyafa nazari shi ne kawai zai iya zama idan akai la'akari a tare da tare da sauran aka gyara na Gwargwadon yanayi. Saboda haka geomorphology - da kimiyya da cewa yana da wani musamman dangantaka ta kusa da jiki labarin kasa, kazalika da sauran sciences, wajen Gwargwadon sake zagayowar.

historicity geomorphology

Wani halayyar alama na shi - historicity. Geomorphology - da kimiyya da take kokarin kayyade jerin al'amuran da suka faru a duniya, wanda ya jagoranci zuwa fitowan na zamani wuri mai faɗi. IlminSa na wannan kimiyya amfani da nasarorin da binciken kasa, labarin kasa, da kuma wasu masu tarbiyya game da na halitta da kuma tarihi hawan keke. A musamman, a matsayin Duniya - duniya, geomorphology yana nufin wannan sciences kamar ilmin taurari da kuma cosmogony. A al'amura na jihar, abun da ke ciki, tsarin da al'amari, wanda yake da hannu a cikin samuwar siffofin daban-daban na taimako, ta amfani da nasarorin da sunadarai da kimiyyar lissafi.

iri geomorphology

Geomorphology yanzu quite m kimiyya. An raba yankunan na ilimi, masana'antu, bincike yankunan, kashi. Geomorphology yana da yawan bincike da hanyoyin. Wannan kimiyya solves biyu aiyuka da muhimman hakkokin matsaloli.

Duk da bambancin da kimiyya da ayyukan da a kowa ne cewa duk na geomorphology suna nazarin ƙasa, ta zamani, asalin, juyin halitta, juna tasiri da kuma dangantaka da sauran siffofin da kuma abubuwa na na ciki da kuma exogenous yanayi na Duniya.

The iri geomorphology hada da wadannan:

• janar geomorphology.
• tarihi (paleogeomorphology).
• tsauri.
• planetary.
• yankin.
• filin.
• ilmin lissafi.
• gwaji.
• m.
• geomorphological Taswirar.
• geomorphology na kasa da tekuna da ruwaye.
• ƙasar geomorphology.

A wannan kimiyya ya ɓullo da wani musamman sashen, wadda ke nazarin Relief samuwar a cikin hulda da sauyin yanayi. Wannan sashe ne ake kira yanayin geomorphology. Sculptural taimako kamar yadda masana kimiyya sun samu, yana da jinsin climatic zones.

The m gefe na geomorphology

Manufar wannan kimiyya da m al'amari ne sanin dokokin hukumar raya taimako, da kuma a kan wannan hasashe don amfani a yi na saukar da dokoki.

Geomorphology ake bukata a cikin filin na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa injiniya Tsarin da reclamation. Yi a yankunan m ban ruwa canals, kuma dausayi - magudanun cibiyar sadarwa na bukatar wani bincike na taimako. Its siffofin ma bukatar mu san lokacin da shiri na samar da wutar lantarki tashoshin daga duwãtsu, kuma a filayen. Samar da sadarwa Lines da kuma gina hanya ma da za'ayi tare da goyon bayan wannan kimiyya.

Its nasarori an yi amfani da shiryawa da manyan sikelin-gonaki, garuruwa da biranen. Ga wani misali. City Divnogorsk ne a kan wani gangare haka tara ruwan sama gudana a cikin Yenisei River, da kuma na gangara ta kafe da sauri. Geomorphological taswirar da ake amfani a cikin shiryawa da daban-daban kwaminonin. Yana nuna wani na'urar surface topography gabatar aka gyara, da na sarari tsari da kuma yanayin siffofin. Dangane da topography ne wuri na zama yankunan, kasuwanci da masana'antu Enterprises, shugabanci na karauka. Daidai da muhimmanci shi ne su yi nazarin shi a na'urar samar da ruwa na manyan masana'antu da kamfanonin da ƙauyuka.

Sashen, topographical, Botanical, ƙasa duba kuma ta fara da wani bincike na ƙasa. Hydrogeological da hydrological safiyo an kuma gudanar da su taimaka masa.

Geomorphology taka sosai muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsaro na jihar kungiyar. Kwamandojin na daban, kuma sau ya dade da aka sa ran hikes, shan la'akari da peculiarities na ƙasa. Modern soja kimiyya ma ba su dace da hankali.

Dole ne ba kawai sani a yau ta data kasance iri da kuma siffofin da taimako, amma kuma ya riga m canje-canje a duniya tamu ta surface a nan gaba a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban tafiyar matakai. Wannan shi ne musamman gaskiya, misali, a cikin shiri na kan mawuyacin halin ƙasa, ko high-Yunƙurin gine-gine a gina teku mashigai.

Geomorphology da kuma ma'adinai bincike

A bincike na tarihi da kuma topography - wani tasiri hanyar samun dama albarkatun. Saboda haka, abubuwa na geomorphology a cikin wannan yanki ne Popular. Alal misali, alluvial adibas na Diamonds, zinariya da kuma wasu m ma'adanai yawanci hade tare da tsoho da kuma na zamani kogin cibiyar sadarwa, a matsayin kogin gudana na dogon lokaci eroded da ake samu zinariya kankara da kuma tattara a cikin alluvial baranda nauyi ma'adanai. Bugu da kari, tama da kuma haƙar ne sau da yawa daidai a kan tsoho surface jeri. A adibas na ci, gas da kuma man fetur yawanci tsare a wasu tectonic Tsarin. Wadannan Tsarin cikin yankuna da dama suna nuna a cikin siffar da surface na duniya tamu, don haka da adibas na wadannan ma'adanai taimaka wajen gane bincike na taimako.

Key facts daga tarihi na geomorphology

The taimako na duniya ta surface - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da yanayi na mutum ayyuka, ta sosai zama. Bayani game da shi, ba shakka, tara tun farkon matakai na fitowan da kuma ci gaban al'umma. Duk da haka, manufar "geomorphology" bayyana ba a lokaci daya. A matsayin kimiyya horo, ta fara daukar siffar ne kawai a cikin marigayi 18th - farkon karni na 19th. An haɗa dangi da binciken kasa, don haka sai suka fara samar da shi a bãyan. Sai a wannan lokaci na farko da aikin a kan yanayi na ci gaba da zargin da Duniya ta surface topography.

A 1763 ta bayyana aikin "A cikin waɗansu inuwõwi na Duniya 'M. V. Lomonosova (hoto na shi ne ba sama). A da shi, ya fara shawara cewa taimako ne ya sa ta hulda da daban-daban exogenous da kuma na ciki sojojin. Wannan ra'ayin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin zuciya na yau da geomorphological kimiyya.

A cikin marigayi 19th karni, akwai ayyukan Pavlov, Kumfa, Richthofen, a cikin abin da ra'ayoyi game da tsarin da kuma asalin da Duniya ta surface topography, tara magabata, systematized, da kuma yunkurin rarraba shi. Tare da sunayen B. Kumfa, Jamus masu bincike, da kuma B. Davis, American masanin kimiyya, hade da bayyanar da farko obschegeomorfologicheskih Concepts selection na wannan kimiyya a wani m reshe na ilmi.

Geomorphology yau

A cikin 'yan shekaru, duka a kasar mu da kuma a yammacin Turai, mai yawa da hankali biya zuwa cin gaban geomorphology. A daya hannun, masu bincike kula da links tsakanin ma'aunan kasa tsarin da taimako bayyanar (suna binciken tsarin geomorphology), da kuma a kan sauran, su ne sha'awar exogenous geomorphological matakai (tsauri da yanayin geomorphology). Paleogeomorphology, watau nazarin tsoho ƙasa, kuma an alama. Wannan, ba shakka, kawai babban kwatance na ta kara ci gaba.

Yanzu ka san cewa da karatunsa da kimiyya na geomorphology, ainihin Concepts hade da shi, da shugabanci na tarihi da kuma ci gaba, mun kuma duba. Ya kuma lura da cewa yana da muhimmanci sosai duka daga wani msar tambayar da m ra'ayi. Basics na geomorphology, gabatar a wannan labarin, muna fata, zai zama da amfani.