Gaskiya mafita - menene wannan? Properties da kuma abun da ke ciki

A yanayi, akwai kusan babu tsarki abubuwa. A general aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na garwayayye wanda suke iya kafa kama ko iri-irin tsarin.

Musamman gaskiya mafita

Gaskiya mafita - wani irin watsa tsarin da ciwon mafi girma ƙarfi tsakanin watsawa matsakaici da kuma tarwatsa lokaci.

Duk wani sinadaran za a iya samu lu'ulu'u na daban-daban masu girma dabam. A cikin wani hali, suna da guda ciki tsarin: ionic ko kwayoyin crystal raga.

rushe

A kan aiwatar da rushe a ruwa na hatsi na sodium chloride, kuma sugars da kuma samuwar kwayoyin ion bayani. Dangane da mataki na fragmentation, da abu ya zama m na:

• bayyane macroscopic barbashi cewa ne ya fi girma fiye da 0.2 mm;
• microscopic barbashi da ciwon barbashi size kasa da 0.2 mm, ba za su iya kama ne kawai tare da hange.

Gaskiya da kuma colloidal mafita bambanta a cikin barbashi size na solute. Invisible a cikin madubin da lu'ulu'u kira colloidal barbashi, da kuma sakamakonsa yanayin da aka kira colloidal bayani.

bayani lokaci

A lokuta da dama, da gaskiya da bayani - An fragmented (tarwatsa) tsarin mai kama jinsunan. Sun gabatar da wani m m lokaci - wãtsa, matsakaici da kuma barbashi murƙushe wani siffar da kuma size (tarwatsa lokaci). Mene ne bambanci colloids daga gaskiya tsarin?

Babban bambancin shi ne girman da barbashi. Colloid-tarwatsa tsarin dauke da iri-irin, tun da haske microscope ba shi yiwuwa a gane da zamani iyaka.

Gaskiya mafita - ne bambance-bambancen, a lokacin da a cikin yanayi abu ne a cikin nau'i na ions ko kwayoyin. Sun kasance a guda-lokaci kama bayani.

Kamar yadda wani da ake bukata kafun da samuwar na tarwatsa tsarin dauke juna rushe watsawa matsakaici da kuma dispersible abu. Alal misali, sodium chloride , kuma sucrose, insoluble a benzene da kananzir, da sauran ƙarfi a saboda haka ba za ta samar da colloidal mafita.

A rarrabuwa watsa tsarin

Yadda raba dispersions? Gaskiya mafita, colloidal tsarin halin da dama sigogi.

Akwai naúrar watsa tsarin a tara jihar na matsakaici da kuma tarwatsa lokaci, da samuwar ko dai babu hulda tsakanin su.

halaye na

Akwai wasu gwada yawa halaye na particulate al'amari. Da farko ware mataki na watsawa. Wannan darajar ne kishiya daga cikin barbashi size. Yana characterizes yawan barbashi cewa za a iya sanya a jere a nesa na daya santimita.

A cikin akwati a lokacin da duk barbashi da wannan size, an kafa wani tsarin monodisperse. Lokacin da jũna barbashi tarwatsa lokaci kafa polydisperse tsarin.

Tare da kara watsawa abu ya karu matakai da faruwa a cikin Interphase surface. Alal misali, kara takamaiman surface yankin na tarwatsa lokaci qara physico-sinadaran sakamakon na matsakaici a ke dubawa na biyu bulan.

Bambance-bambancen karatu na watsa tsarin

Dangane da lokaci zai zama solute, ware daban-daban embodiments watsa tsarin.

Aerosols - dispersions a cikin abin da Ya wãtsa matsakaici ne a wani gaseous form. Hazo - a fesa da ciwon ruwa tarwatsa lokaci. A hayaki da kura generated m tarwatsa lokaci.

Foams ne gas watsawa a cikin ruwa abu. Taya a foams lalace to fina-finai da cewa ware gas kumfa.

Emulsions kira watsa tsarin, inda daya ruwa ne rarraba kan girma na sauran, ba tare da rushe a cikinta.

Dakatar ko slurry - a low-watsawa tsarin a cikin abin da m barbashi ne a cikin ruwa. Colloidal mafita ko sols lokacin da mai ruwa-ruwa watsawa ake kira hydrosol.

Dangane gaban (rashi) tsakanin barbashi da Tarwatsa lokaci ne ya zama ruwan dare, ko svobodnodispersnye svjaznodispersnye tsarin. Na farko da kungiyar hada liozoli, aerosols, emulsions, suspensions. A irin wannan tsarin, babu lamba tsakanin barbashi da kuma fasa lokaci. Su motsa ba tare da ƙuntatawa a cikin bayani a ƙarƙashin rinjayar nauyi.

Svjaznodispersnye tsarin bayyana a cikin hali na lamba tare da barbashi na tarwatsa lokaci, sakamakon da samuwar a wata tashar wutar lantarki tsarin ko tsarin. Irin wannan colloidal tsarin da ake kira mala'iku.

Tsari gelling (gelation) ne a Sol-gel hira dangane da farawa Sol aka saukar da kwanciyar hankali. Misalai svjaznodispersnye tsarin hada da suspensions, emulsions, powders, foams. Wadannan sun hada da ƙasa, kafa a lokacin da dauki kwayoyin (humic abubuwa) da kuma ƙasa ma'adanai.

Capillary-tarwatsa tsarin ne mai ɗamfarar taro na kasa cewa permeates capillaries da kuma pores. Suna ĩmãni da nama, daban-daban membranes, itace, kwali, takarda.

Gaskiya mafita - mai kama tsarin kunsha na biyu aka gyara. Suna iya zama daban-daban a jihohin tari kaushi. A sauran ƙarfi ne dauke da wani abu dauka a wuce haddi. A bangaren abin da daukan cikin kasa yawa dauke solute.

Features mafita

Hard gami ne ma mafita a cikin abin da daban-daban karafa aiki a matsayin watsawa matsakaici da kuma bangaren. Daga wani m ra'ayi, musamman sha'awa ne ruwa garwayayye a cikin abin da ruwa ayyukan matsayin sauran ƙarfi.

Na da yawa inorganic kaushi na musamman sha'awa ne ruwa. Kusan ko da yaushe gaskiya bayani ne kafa ta hadawa ruwa tare da barbashi na solute.

Daga cikin hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi ne m kaushi hada da wadannan kayan: ethanol, methanol, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, acetone. Saboda da m motsi na kwayoyin ko ions na solute bangaren m motsi faruwa a cikin bayani, samuwar sabuwar kama tsarin.

The abubuwa bambanta a su ikon samar da wata mafita. Wasu iya gauraye da juna a Unlimited yawa. An misali ne aka rushe a ruwa na lu'ulu'u na gishiri.

Jigon da rushe tsari daga mahangar kwayoyin sanadin motsi ka'idar cewa bayan gabatarwar a cikin sauran ƙarfi da gishiri lu'ulu'u a kan dissociation na sodium chloride cations da anions. Caje barbashi yi wani oscillating motsi, da karo da barbashi na sauran ƙarfi take kaiwa zuwa wani miƙa mulki na ions a cikin sauran ƙarfi (dauri). A hankali kan aiwatar da alaka da sauran barbashi halakar surface Layer, crystal gishiri narkar da a ruwa. Yadawa iya raba particulate abu da sauran ƙarfi girma.

Nau'in na gaskiya mafita

A gaskiya bayani - a tsarin, wanda aka raba da dama iri. Akwai rarrabuwa na irin wannan tsarin domin ruwa da kuma wadanda ba mai ruwa-ruwa da sauran ƙarfi a cikin bayyanar. Suna kuma classified bisa ga wani embodiment na solute a Alkali, acid da gishiri.

Akwai daban-daban na gaskiya mafita game da lantarki halin yanzu: ba Wutan, Wutan. Dangane da taro na solute suka za a iya diluted ko mai karfi.

Gaskiya mafita na low kwayoyin abubuwa daga thermodynamic ra'ayi raba da real kuma manufa.

Irin wannan mafita iya zama ion-tarwatsa, kazalika da kwayoyin watsa tsarin.

cikakken bayani

Ya danganta da yadda da yawa barbashi shiga cikin bayani, akwai supersaturated, unsaturated, cikakken mafita. The bayani ne a ruwa ko wani m kama tsarin da ta ƙunshi da dama aka gyara. dole gabatar da sauran ƙarfi da kuma solute a wani irin tsarin. Bayan rushe wasu abubuwa lura exotherm.

Irin wannan tsari mafita tabbatar da ka'idar, bisa ga abin da aka rushe aka gani a matsayin physico-tsarin sunadarai. Akwai rabo daga cikin tsari a cikin uku kungiyoyin na solubility. Da farko su ne wadanda abubuwa da suke narkewa a cikin wani adadin 10 g da 100 g sauran ƙarfi, suna kira da kyau narkewa.

Talauci mai narkewa abubuwa dauke, idan kasa da 10 g narkar da a 100 g na bangaren, da sauran ake kira insoluble.

ƙarshe

Systems kunsha da daban-daban a jihohin tari, barbashi size zama dole ga al'ada mutum aiki. Gaskiya, colloidal mafita tattauna a sama da ake amfani da yi na magunguna, abinci kafa. Da ciwon da wani ra'ayin na maida hankali na solute, za a iya shirya so bayani, msl, ethyl barasa ko acetic acid, domin daban-daban dalilai a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum. Dangane da jihar tari ne solute da sauran ƙarfi, samu tsarin da wasu jiki da kuma sinadaran halaye.