Gafur Gulam: biography da kuma aiki na mawãƙi

Gafur Gulam - mawãƙi kuma marubuci, mai m jirgin saman soja don aminci, farin ciki, da kuma zaman lafiya tsakanin al'umma. Ya waqe, labarai, litattafan da waqe fassara a cikin fiye da 30 harsuna, da kuma a kan "barna" dariya kusan kowane Soviet jama'a.

Gafur Gulam: biography

Mawãƙi haifa a cikin wani matalauci baƙauye iyali a kan Afrilu 27 (daidai da wasu kafofin, 10 May) a cikin babban birnin kasar Uzbekistan a 1903 - Uzbekistan. Gafur Gulam (real name), duk da ta asalin, kazalika da duk mambobi ne na iyali, bambanta da high ruhi da kuma rubuce-rubuce. Uba Mirza Ghulam Arif ya mai da-karanta mutum, kuma ya rubuta wakoki. Mukimi, Furkat, Khislat sun m baƙi daga gidajensu.

Amma ga uwar da mawãƙi Tash Bibi, ta, kamar mijinta, ya ba sha'aninsu dabam to shayari kuma composing labaru. Godiya ga ilimi iyaye da yara da iyali da sauri koyi karatu. Kamar yadda wani yaro Gafur Ghulam karanta Farsi ayyukan Alisher Navoi, Saadi da Hafiz. Daya yaro da gangan ya rubuta na farko waka, kuma ya nuna uwar abin da mace ya ce, a tabbatar tuntubar kuma nuna da basira tare da mahaifinsa.

A asarar mai breadwinner

A cikin fall na 1912, mahaifinsa Ghulam aka koma gida da yawa a baya fiye da saba. Ya kidan zazzabi da kuma jikinsa ya ƙone. Tash Bibi ya sa mijinta gado, shafa da marasa lafiya da tumaki mai, da kuma sha zafi ganye shayi. A ko'ina cikin dare mutumin da aka choking da tari nauyi. Kira likita ba zai yiwu ba kamar yadda aka ba a cikin mahalla. Cutar da ake aggravated da cewa a cikin tsohon gidan, dake a cikin dausayi, ya kasance kullum damp. Bayan kamar wata kwana, da iyali rasa shugaban iyali, da 'ya'ya biyar da aka marayu. A mafi tsufa a lokacin da aka 9 shekaru da haihuwa da kuma matasa - kawai watanni shida.

Daga baya Gafur Ghulam gaya cewa a ko da yaushe tuna waqe, kuka ga mahaifiyarsa, da suka bar rubuce na duniya mai shekaru 44 da haihuwa miji:

"... The black gashi a kan girare fadi.
Zuciyata ne a baƙin ciki, in yi farin ciki a wulãkanci,
Idan ka tambaye ni abin da ya faru da ni - zan amsa:
- rabuwa berries ci Na samu ... "

Amma matsalar bai bar iyali nan ya mutu, shi da uwarsa. Kuma Gafoor fara besprizornichat. Ina kokarin kanta a wani iri-iri na fasahohin. Ya aka shigar da wani yara gida. Na je wurin aiki a bugu shagon a matsayin typesetter da kuma sa suna a cikin malamin horo.

A farko bazawa a cikin latsa kuma mummunan aure

A shekara ta 1919, bayan ya sauke karatu daga malamin horo, Gafur Gulam samun aiki, a wata makarantar firamare. Malamin ba kawai sanar da yara, amma kuma tafiya zuwa wasu wurare domin ganawa da abokai da abokan aiki.

Don sauƙaƙe marãya ta rayuwa Man, dangi shirya aure shi. Babu wanda ya saurari resistances Man, kuma aka zarar taka leda a fadin bikin aure tare da wata yarinya daga makwabciyar mahalla. Ba da da ewa Kholida haife yar, amma aure ƙare a kashe aure.

A mawãƙi da kansa ya shiga harkokin rayuwar jama'a da kerawa. Wa ya san ganin an da wahalhalu na rayuwa marãya ba, Gafur Gulam zama daya daga cikin masu shirya na yaki da rashin matsuguni a kasar. A shekarar 1923 aka nada shugaban shiga makaranta. A dare, a lokacin da dokin 15 kamfanoni sun marãyu, to, shi da aka rubuta waka da bayan wani lokaci ya zama na farko bazawa a cikin latsa.

marubuci yara

Rayuwa ba tsaya har yanzu, Gafur na musanyar taimakekkeniya da yawa mujallu, ya gana da daban-daban m mutane, marubuta. Kuma ya da dama cikin soyayya tare da daya daga cikin 'yan'uwa mãtã daga cikin matasa marubuci Mukhitdin Hayrullaeva - Muharram. A kaka 1931 da masoya gama ƙaddarãwa, kamar yadda ya juya waje, har abada. Sun yi wuya a yau da kullum sharuddan, amma matasa matarsa kuwa mai kyau housekeeper da ta daraja mijinki warware daga m matsaloli. Ta gane muhimmancin aikinsa.

The m iyali na yara suka fara bayyana.

Ɗan fari - Ulugbek Guliamov - An haife shi a shekara ta 1933, a kan 1 Oktoba. Ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Cibiyar nukiliya Physics, m memba na Academy of Sciences da makaman nukiliya likita da Tarayyar Soviet. Ya mutu a cikin 1990, a kan Maris 15.

Bayan shekaru biyar, a shekara ta 1938, akwai wata yarinya Olmos, ta zama 'yar jarida.

Mirza Abdul Qadir Guliamov (kazalika da wana, da Ilimi nukiliya likita) an haife shi a shekarar 1945, ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu. Ya kasance memba na Academy of Sciences na Uzbekistan, darektan Cibiyar Physics da rana, sa'an nan kuma, daga shekarar 2000 zuwa shekarar 2005, na farko farar hula ministan tsaron kasar na Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan.

A shekara 1947 aka alama ta bayyanar da wani dan - Hondamir, wanda daga baya ya zama mai tarihi.

A 1950 da aka haife shi ƙarami ya - Toshhon cewa Gafur mai suna a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da mahaifiyarsa. Toshhon zama ba na jin kunyar da mahaifansa biyu da kuma ci gaba da abreast daga cikin shahararrun iyali. Ta zama halitta da kuma ta doctoral digiri.

Dole ne in ce cewa wani ya daga ta farko da aure Kholida kafin aurenta, ya zauna a gidan mahaifinta.

halittar

Shayari kuma litattafan talented marubuci - ne embodiment na tarihi na Uzbek mutane. Suka faɗa duk mũnãnan ayyukansu na rayuwa da kuma farin ciki. A muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban wallafe-wallafe a Uzbekistan taka leda Gafur Gulam ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin postwar lokaci. Akwai 'yan mutanen da suka zauna sha'aninsu dabam zuwa ga halittun, "Ni Bayahude ne," "jiran ku, ɗana," da kuma "Kana da ba wani maraya."

A wartime waka Gafur Gulam da aka cika da ji da kuma tunani na mutane da suka dauka makamai. Kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu ya waqe suna cike da motsin zuciyarmu da hankulansu da tausaya na wadanda suka a lokaci daya bayar da shawarar da zaman lafiya a duniya. Saboda haka, post-yaki shayari - a ci gaba da soja, da kuma danganta biyu wuya lokaci bayyana 2 waka: "Ka tuna, kana jiran da Mahaifa, mahaifiyata" da "idin cin nasara."

karrama

Da farko ayyukan bayyana a daya daga cikin bugu na mujallar "Maorif Ukituvchi Islands" a shekarar 1923. An a wannan dab'I, shi da aka jera a matsayin Gafur Ghulam. Awards for wallafe-wallafen ayyuka, ya samu da yawa daga baya. A shekarar 1946, da mawãƙi zama da lashe Stalin Prize. Bayan wani 3 Order of Lenin, 2 - Red Banner na Labor (1939 da kuma 1963.), "Badge na karimci," kuma da yawa lambar yabo. A karshe waka da aka rubuta a shekarar 1970 ya samu da Lenin Prize (posthumously).

Gafur Gulam, "arnã-mai yi" (summary)

Mutane da yawa ayyukan da aka kishin yara. A mafi m da kuma ci nasara da aka labari "arnã-mai yi" ( "Shum Bola", 1936-1962 gg.), Ina da gwarzo gaya labarin ta ban tausayi rayuwa.

Yaron ya gudu daga gida zuwa ga inna bayan mahaifiyarsa azabtar domin kau da kayayyakin daga gidan. Amma ko da a nan, shi ya bi ta gazawar: kwatsam sai ya kashe kawunsa, quail, kuma ya yi bar wannan gidan. Kamar haka ya fara hobo rayuwa, game da abin da ya gaya wa masu karatu.

A gaskiya ma, cikin samfurin na "arnã-mai yi" - shi ne labarin da marubucin yara. A labarin na yadda, marãya, ya kasance da safe har yamma yawo da m titunan garin Tashkent, ba kawai suka sauka daga da kuma kwadayin dauki up wani damar sami karin kudi.

Amma fun almarar da inexhaustible tunanin aikata fitina yaro kamar almara Nasreddin - Uzbek almara gwarzo. An fentin bully mutumci. A cikinsa akwai faxin, karin magana, misãlai. A protagonist ke rayuwa ta hanyar kwatanci dubi a duniya "ta cikin wayo dariya stoklyshki".

A marubuci suka mayar da hankali fitinarsu ji da kuma abubuwan, nuna na ciki Jihar hankali. Duk da cewa, an bayyana a cikin wannan labarin: abubuwan da suka faru, abubuwa, da cewa shi ne abin da yake kẽwayenku na gwarzo - halitta bude worsening ji na cikin karamin mutum.

House-Museum

Yana da aka kafa a shekarar 1983. Update exposures a lokacin da wanzuwar faru sau biyu. A shekarar 1988 da kuma 1998 da gidan kayan gargajiya kayan da aka bayansa tare da sabon shaida daga cikin shahararsa da kuma bukatar da na mawãƙi da aikinsa. Darektan gidan kayan gargajiya - 'yar marubuci Olmos Gafurovna.

An located in wani biyu-storey qasaita, inda daga shekarar 1944 zuwa shekarar 1946 ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki mawãƙi Gafur Ghulam. A ganuwar ta gidan-gidan kayan gargajiya gidajen tunawa da wallafe-wallafen lãbãri.

Uku dakunan na farko bene ne kishin da rayuwa da kuma babban m lokaci na mawãƙi ne. 1st da 2nd dakuna gaya wa baƙi game da yara da kuma samartaka daga cikin shahararrun countryman, zama da shi a matsayin wani mawãƙi kuma, ba shakka, da shahararsa na wanda ya sami shayari a cikin sau na yakin duniya na biyu. Muna magana ne game da sanannen waka "Kai ne ba marãya" da labari "arnã-mai yi", fassara a cikin harsuna da yawa.

Special tsaye suna shigar a kan benen kasa, gaya mana game da aikinsa da kuma translation aiki na Academician. A karshe dakin ne a gani na kasar ya san kuma soyayya. A girmamawa Gafur Gulam mai suna Metro tashar (Uzbekistan), gidan kayan gargajiya (Kokand), ga abin da mawãƙi ya sanya kasafi na raba gini, a hutu shakatawa (Uzbekistan), kuma daya daga cikin mafi girma da wallafe-wallafen littattafai a Uzbekistan. Yana kuma dauke da kayayyakin da 90- kuma 95-shekara da ranar tunawa da haihuwa, wanda aka yadu bikin a mahaifarsa.

A tunawa hadaddun aka located a kan bene na biyu. Office, hutu dakin da kuma a falo har yanzu ci gaba da wasu daga cikin mawãƙi gidan abubuwa. A library za ka iya samun ayyukan tare da autographs da kuma littattafan da cewa Gafur Gulam samu a matsayin kyauta ne daga 'yan'uwanmu marubuta.

Museum Address: Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan birni, titi Arpapaya, 1 (landmark - Music Mukimi wasan kwaikwayo a kusa Besh-Agach). Bude sa'o'i - a kowace rana daga 10:00 zuwa 17:00. Rana kashe - Litinin.

yau

Park "Gafoor Ghulam" a Tashkent (hoto da aka nuna a kasa) - daya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin a Uzbekistan, aka ci a 1967, a lokacin da gini Chilanzar. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin fi so hutu destinations ba kawai na gida mutane, amma kuma yawon bude ido da kuma baƙi zuwa babban birnin kasar.

A lokacin rani, kore, tsabta da kuma da-kiyaye shakatawa jũya a cikin wani ceto zone daga iskar rãnã ga kadan fidgets.

A lokacin da wannan soyayya da shakatawa "Gafur Gulyam" a Tashkent? Yara - ga wani iri-iri na jan hankali, fun, kuma m yanayi. mazan mutane - don sanyi ya fito daga cikin tabkuna, da kuma inuwa da itatuwa rabin karni. Enamored ma'aurata da kuma matasa uwaye - ga m sasanninta tare da tsare sirri.

Mene ne ban sha'awa shi ne wurin shakatawa?

• A kananan zoo kuma wani Ferris dabaran.
• Modern jan hankali ga yara da kuma manya a araha farashin.
• Summer cafe da kuma babban tafkin, inda a lokacin rani za ka iya dauka a tafi a kan jirage da kuma catamarans.

Majalisar yawon bude ido da kuma baƙi: hutu shakatawa mai suna "Gafur Gulam" ne mafi kyau ga ziyarci lokacin makon lokacin da yan unguwa ne a wurin aiki. A karshen mako domin ziyartar jan hankali da su tsaya a karkashin iskar rana a manyan queues.

Park Address: Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, st. m. "Ulugbek", Chilonzor Avenue Bunyodkor, 21.

Summing up

Bugu da kari wa wallafe-wallafen aiki, Gulam Gafur yin fassarar a cikin Uzbek Lermontov ayyukan, Nazim Hikmet, Shakespeare, Pushkin, Dante, Griboyedov da Beaumarchais.

Hakika, Gafur Gulam - da haske hali na Uzbek adabi, ya bar wani m alama kuma lamba a kan rai na kowane mutum wanda ya karanta akalla daya daga cikin waka ko labarin.