Gable rufin: lissafi, fasali, da kuma zane-zane zane

Rufin ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na wani gini. Its main nufi - kariya ta ciki sarari na gidan daga m muhalli dalilai. Yana daukan kula da duk yiwu waje lodi da gudamawar su daidai a kan duk katangu. Rufin za a iya gina daban-daban Tsarin kan gine-gine. Amma mafi mashahuri ne a Rasha, ba shakka, gable rufin. Lissafi na wannan zane ne mai sauki. A abũbuwan amfãni daga shi an dauke su da sauki daga cikin zane da kuma gina.

Babban abubuwa

Composed irin wannan rufin, kamar yadda riga za a iya gani daga sunan, kawai biyu tudun lodi located a garesu daga cikin ginin. Babban abubuwa na irin wannan rufin yi ne:

• mauerlat.
• doki.
• rafters.
• ginshiƙai da struts.
• lathing.

Gina gable rufin ne yawanci a cikin wadannan tsari:

1. A safar hannu a cikin pre-bango anga lazimta mauerlat.
2. A tara saka doki.
3. Sa rafters da kuma struts.
4. Saka akwaku.

Bugu da ari, sakamakon tsarin sheathe makaran abu, waterproofing da yin rufi zanen gado.

Abin da yake da muhimmanci a yi la'akari lokacin da zayyana

Saboda haka, gable rufin tsarin ne musamman sauki. Duk da haka, da aikin a gaban rufin taro yi, ba shakka, ya kamata ya kasance. Wannan zai kauce wa overspending na abu da kuma ajiye lokaci da kokarin.

Lokacin da Tattara bayanan mai jawo gable rufin lissafin yawanci za'ayi kamar haka:

• gudu kan kankara karkatar kwana.
• tsawon da katako sassan for rafters.
• farar tsakanin rafters.

A don ƙayyade da hakkin adadin rufi, waterproofing da kuma yin rufi abu, zai kuma yi lissafi da yankin na stingrays da gables. An shan la'akari duk wadannan sigogi da calculates rufin gable rufin.

Yawan kwana Manuniya

Shi ne daga kwana na haskoki da kuma fara lissafi na gable rufin ginin gidan. Dogara a kan wannan siga a cikin wannan harka iya zama a kan dalilai da dama:

• zaba ta samar da rufin sheathing abu.
• tsammani iska lodi.
• snow load.

A cikin farko idan aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi na farko na dukkan shawarwari na manufacturer daga cikin kayan. Saboda haka, misali, da ƙaramar kwana na son:

• domin karfe zai zama 14 digiri.
• domin yanar gizo kayan - 5 - 15 c.
• corrugated kwamitin - 15 g;
• Ondulina - 6 gr.

Dangane da iska da kuma dusar ƙanƙara kaya iyaka dabi'u gudu kan kankara karkatar kwana ana ƙaddara da wani musamman ƙasa maps. Har ila yau, musamman Tables an yi amfani da wannan yanayin. Alal misali, a lokacin da iska mai karfi lodi tudun lodi shawarar kisa - 15 - 25 digiri. Tare da wani yawa na ruwan sama a yankin inda da gidan da suka gina, a akasin haka, shi ya kamata ba steeper - 45 zuwa 60 digiri.

Rafters gable rufin: da lissafi na kwana na son

Saboda haka, da ciwon koya iyaka dabi'u, za ka iya ci gaba da ainihin Shirin zanen na zane daga cikin rufi. A mataki na farko shi ne kamar haka wajibi ne don sanin ko wurin da kunya tsawo. Idan wani gable rufin yanke shawarar yin wani talakawa ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi, da yawa daga doki ne sama da matakin da katangu. Wannan zai ajiye a kan abu. Idan wani rufin da aka shirya ya ba da falo (wanda yake shi ne m), wajibi ne a gina shi high isa. A cikin wani hali, mafi kyau duka wasan kwaikwayon na kwana na gangara ne 30 a mafi sassa na Rasha - 45 digiri.

Bugu da kari ga kunya tsawo da yin lissafi da gangare na wani gable rufin, ko kuma wajen da kwana na son ta haskoki, kuma za su bukatar wani bangaren kamar da nisa daga cikin gable. Yana za a iya ƙaddara da kawai aunawa da gajeren bangon ɗakin, to, kana bukatar ka ƙara da sakamakon da tsawon eaves. Next, lissafi aka yi amfani da wani dabara: n = 1 / 2L * tgA. A - shi ne ainihin kwana na gangara, H - tsawo daga cikin kunya, L- nisa gable. A tangent na kwana za a iya ƙaddara ta amfani da wani ilmin lissafi Bradis tebur.

Lissafi na rufin gable rafters: da tsawon da giciye-kashi

Yana da wadannan abubuwa a gable rufin tsarin ne na asali. Lissafi giciye sashe da kuma tsawon na rafters da za a farko dangane da gaskiyar cewa for 1 m ² na gangara dole fada nauyi kayan ba fiye da 45 kg.

Mai duk gable rufin taro domin yin amfani mashaya sashe 100 x 150 cm Irin wannan abu zai zama manufa domin wannan mataki tsakanin rafters a 80 -. 100 cm. Idan da daftarin tsakanin biyu abubuwa samar da wani mafi girma nesa, shi wajibi ne a yi amfani da thicker kaya maras amfani. Tare da karami mataki, a maimakon haka, za a sanya rafters sirara.

katako tsawon aka ƙaddara dangane da tsawo da nisa da kunya da gable (raba by 2). Rafters a cikin wannan harka a dama alwatika zai taka rawar da hypotenuse. Ƙayyade da tsawon na mashaya a cikin cellar. Zaka kuma iya lissafi da tsawon na daya katako, kawai mayar da hankali a kan kwana na da gable rufin. A wannan yanayin, za ka bukatar wani karin bangaren kamar tsawo daga cikin kunya wuri. Wannan adadi za bukatar kawai ninka ba tare da kwana. Koya daga wannan nuna alama iya Bradis tebur.

Don sakamakon kyakkyawan sakamakon kamata ƙara game da 20 - 40 cm a overhangs. Ba su kamata dole. In ba haka ba, a nan gaba da aiki na cikin Haikalin tara ruwan sama zai fada a kan ta katangu. Kuma wannan, bi da bi, za su rage da rai daga cikin ginin.

Own kaya maras amfani ga rafters kamata kawai zabi quality. Bayan duk wannan rufin kashi ne a m. Bars tare da kuri'a da kullin ba za a iya amfani da rafters. Makala da wadannan abubuwa zuwa mauelatu da kunya da ya kamata a yin amfani kawai galvanized sasanninta ko ingancin kusoshi.

Lissafi na yankin da kuma yawan tudun lodi bukata abu

Kamar wancan yi lissafin kwana gable rufin, ta tsawon kuma gicciye-sashe trusses. Amma don ƙayyade yawan da ake bukata domin plating abu, kana bukatar ka sani more, da kuma Manuniya kamar stingrays yankin. A wannan yanayin, wani musamman hadaddun dabarbari ma ba su da amfani. Explore yankin na gangara iya zama kawai ta halitta da tsawon rafter a kan tsawon ginin.

Abu ne mai sauki domin sanin ko zane da kuma yawan da ake bukata domin cladding abu. Alal misali, lokacin amfani da yin rufi abu dole ne farko lissafi da yankin na yi. Don yin wannan, ninka da nisa da tsawon. Bugu da ari, gangara yanki ne zuwa kashi a yi yanki. A lissafi a cikin wannan harka shi ne ma wajibi ne don la'akari da kiyasta yawan plating yadudduka. lissafin da kuma yin amfani da takardar abu, kamar karfe ko corrugated jirgin an kuma samar.

Lissafin lokuttan gables yanki

Wannan bangare na rufin tsarin kullum rufe allon. Don lissafi da gable gable rufin bukatar Manuniya kamar kunya tsawo da nisa da gidan da span. Bayan kayyade yanki na wannan ɓangare na rufin yi, zai zama samuwa ga rufe da zama dole yawan allon. A lissafi a cikin wannan harka, bisa ga dabara: S = 1 / 2ah, inda S - yankin, da kuma - da nisa daga cikin gable, h - tsawo daga cikin kunya wuri.

m shawara

Yin lissafi yanki stingrays da gable, shi ne mai sauki domin sanin adadin da ake bukata domin plating abu. Duk da haka saya yin rufi zanen gado da kuma allon ake bukata ya zama wani gefe. Bayan duk, a lokacin da rufin cladding daga cikin kayan da aka daure su a ma'ana. Vata a cikin irin wannan hali ne yawanci makawa. Kuma yanke allon ko zanen gado mafi m ba ko da yaushe samu.

Main siffofi da wani gable rufin: yadda za a kauce wa kuskure

Saboda haka, ɓangaren dama na aikin da kuma gudanar da duk dole lissafin, rufin zai yiwu a gina mafi m. Duk da haka, to rufin biyu tudun lodi a m, wasu jagororin ya kamata a bi kai tsaye a cikin taro:

• kafin Layer na rufin rufi cake dole zama undeveloped iska.
• kansu slab rufi abu dole ne dab da juna, da kuma Tsarin truss tsarin maximally m.
• isolating fim a kek gyarawa tare da m tef kuma ba kusoshi.
• akwaku ya kamata a cushe da wani farar m zuwa zaba abu.

Tattara rufin domin tabbatar da shi a matsayin abin dogara, shi ne ba da keta wani fasaha. Pie rufin gable rufin aka shigar kamar haka:

1. Kafa tsakanin rafters suya rufi faranti. A wani ɓangare na ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi, don haka da cewa ba su fada fita, ja a rare raga na karfe ko aluminum waya.
2. Sama rufi aka shigar waterproofing. Kulla da ya fi kyau da kadan slack a kan sanduna. Irin wannan hanyar zai kauce wa discontinuity lokacin da canjawa na yin rufi abu, da kuma shirya iska Layer.
3. Sama da waterproofing taru akwaku.

Tururi shãmaki gable rufin magance daga cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi. Sama da fim a haɗe tef saka encasing abu. Wannan na iya zama, misali, plywood allon, roba faranti, da sauransu.

Dalili karkashin yin rufi abu

Don lissafi da dora akwakun a cikin Shirin zanen da wani gable rufin kamata ya yi la'akari da irin abubuwan a matsayin nauyi na yin rufi abu da kuma zai yiwu snow load. A karkashin karfe, misali, da goyon bayan kwamitin iya kwarzana da wani farar na 230 - 400 mm. A karkashin yin rufi battens magance m, da dai sauransu

Katako akai a karkashin yin rufi abu ma ake zaba game da karshen nauyi. Don tara dora akwakun za a iya amfani da katako, da kuma hukumar. A cikin wani hali, kai da hawa sansanonin ne ma fadi da katako ba da shawarar. In ba haka ba batten abubuwa a cikin aiki na rufin iya yi braided. Har ila yau, m allon sau da yawa crack, wanda zai iya sa hawa faranti encasing abu ne ba ma m. A mafi kyau zaɓi don walkable dauke kaya maras amfani, ko allon 150 mm m.