Facsimile - daga da sabuwar dabara wa yau

Facsimile (a cikin wasu kalmomi - telephoto) - nesa watsa wani har yanzu image (rubutu, da misalai, hotunan) tare da m sake kunnawa na samu abu. Tarihi sa daga cin gaban telegraphy, amma shi ne iya aika da mafi iri bayanai da kuma shi ne mafi resistant zuwa tsangwama.

Faxing aka yi amfani don canja wurin photo telegrams, tare da rarraba buga periodicals (canja wurin kayan na jaridar shafukan da misalai), manyan kamfanonin ga musayar samar da bayanai, domin karɓan bayanai daga tauraron dan adam da kuma yanayin tashoshin (musayar gidrometeokartami), kazalika da a wasu lokuta.

Canja wurin tsari ne da za'ayi amfani da wani facsimile inji (fax). The aiki manufa na fax ne kamar haka: a watsawa naúrar samar da reshe na daukar kwayar cutar image (rubutu, hotuna) a cikin mutane da yawa kananan sassa (abin da ake kira na farko yankunan ..), Wanne bambanta da juna a cikin wani aya, yawanci ta Tantancewar yawa). Sa'an nan dukan abubuwa jẽre tuba daga mai hoto images zuwa na'urar hatsaisai kwarara. Bayani game da canja wurin abubuwa da aka adana ga zaba sharudda.

Sa'an nan da fax a jerin sakonni daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar sadarwa line, wanda abubuwa a matsayin talakawa tarho line. A karɓar, da kishiya canji faruwa yayin da rike wani jerin abubuwa, tare da sakamakon cewa mun sami wani kwafi na so image to mu.

fax manufa da aka kafa a 1855 ta Italian likita J. Caselli. inji tsara su don canja wurin image amfani da wani gubar tsare da musamman varnish da sosai low lantarki watsin (kusan sifili). Saboda haka, an image hada da abubuwa na alternating high (tsare) da kuma low watsin. The lamba fil, zamiya a kan image alternately aika halin yanzu hatsaisai da kuma na yanzu-free sakonni. Samu image electrochemical Hanyar rubuta a kan tsare.

Wadannan prototypes na zamani fax amfani a aika da saƙonnin a kan gidan waya Lines Paris - Marseille da kuma Moscow - St. Petersburg, amma sannu a hankali sun ɓãci saboda ta imperfections da wuya daga cikin watsa tsari.

A 1868, B. Meier da aka kirkiro da hanyar da samun hotuna da kuma rikodin shi a kan bayyana takarda tare da juyawa karkace, an rufe tare da fenti. Karkace, clinging ga takarda a dama lokacin, bar a yawan shanyewar jiki, wanda akwai wani image. Wannan hanya, kammalã da kuma amfani a yau.

A karni na ashirin facsimile kai a qualitatively sabon matakin godiya zuwa fitowan da mai fadi da cibiyar sadarwa na sadarwa Lines, da sabuwar dabara na injin shambura, gano photoelectric sakamako. A cikin 30s na farko kwafa, inji bayyana a cikin kasar. A nan gaba, da yin amfani da daukar hoto kayan da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da duniya.

Modern facsimile sadarwa ne da za'ayi ta wajen wani watsawa, mai karɓar kuma sadarwa Lines. A watsawa, ma'ana haske tabo jere gudanar kewaye da dukan surface na asali, rarraba shi a cikin na farko rabo (gammaye) na daban-daban haske reflectivity. Nuna daga gare su, da m juyi na m tsanani dama a kan photoelectric Converter da kuma tuba a cikin wani video alama, sa'an nan modulates da vibrations (mawadãta ko mita) don fassara video alama a cikin dace domin watsa a kan wata mahada siffar. Communication Lines - al'ada mai waya ko mara waya tarho tashoshi. A cikin hali na watsin da babban adadin bayanai (jarida shafukan, misali) ta amfani da wani multichannel sadarwa tare da broadband tashoshi.

A karɓa, facsimile na'ura da aka sanya demodulation na sigina da aka karɓa (selection) da kuma mayar da karshen a cikin kwafin cewa yana rubuce a kan matsakaici (m. E. Its convolution) a cikin wannan jerin kamar yadda asali. Hanyar for rikodi da aka karža:

- daukar hoto (a kan daukar hoto takarda ko fim da aka sanya a cikin wani haske-m cassette). A wannan yanayin, ba shi yiwuwa don sarrafa ingancin da saƙon da ka samu, har da aiwatar da photochemical aiki da irin wannan m.

- Electrochemical (Hoton da aka sa a kan wani musamman takarda wadda blackens lokacin da wani halin yanzu an shige ta hanyar shi).

- Ink - a bayyana takarda smeared da tawada alkalami ko nadi.