Dokokin na riba maximization. Riba maximization yanayi

The riba ne domin manufar da wani dan kasuwa, la'akari da cewa mataki wasan kwaikwayon na tattalin arziki aiki. Furodusa nufin kara kudi sakamakon, wanda ya dogara a kan da yawa dalilai: cost, samar da ƙarfi, yawan albarkatun, da kuma haduwa daga gare ta. A primary aiki na tattalin arziki a kamfanin - gano da girma a da kudi sakamakon zai zama mai gamsarwa. Don yin wannan, dole ne ka bi dokoki na riba maximization, wadda ake bisa rabo daga m kudaden shiga da kuma kudi.

Revenue da riba

Financial albarkatun wanda kasance a zubar da cikin sha'anin bayan cire na tattalin arziki da kuma halin kaka na kudaden shiga, sukan danganta ga riba. Farashin kayayyakin da yawan tasiri kai tsaye a kan adadin jimlar kudaden shiga ko babban kudaden shiga (TR). Wannan shi ne albashi (P) na sha'anin ne bambanci tsakanin TR da TC, inda TC - babban (total) ta halin kaka.

Gwama babban Figures na samun kudin shiga da kuma kudi, mun samu daban-daban yawa na riba:

• tare da proviso cewa TP> TC riba sama 0.
• idan, a akasin haka, TR
• idan TR = TC, sa'an nan P = 0 (a jihar da kamfanin bai sa wani riba, amma ba ya kai ga asarar).

A samar da dukiya (dukiya da kuma ayyuka), da batun o ƙarin tabbatar da kara tattalin arziki riba. Riba maximization - da definition na ganiya girma na samar da wadannan kayayyaki.

Tabbatar da dalilin da mafi kyau duka adadin

Akwai 2 hanyoyin da katin shaida na yawan kayayyakin / ayyuka a cikinsa na ayyuka na tattalin arziki mahaluži zai zama mai tasiri. Riba maximization yanayi:

1. Nuna kayayyakin, irin har da cewa bambanci tsakanin fihirisa na TP da TC kai ta matsakaicin daraja.
2. Idan mun gwada iyakance dabi'u na yawan amfanin ƙasa (MP) da kuma halin kaka (MS) dole rike su daidaita.

Don gane da na biyu yanayin, shi wajibi ne don tunawa ko koyi da definition m halin kaka da kuma samun kudin shiga.

M Revenue da kuma kudi

M kudaden shiga - ƙarin (karin) da sakamakon da kamfanin daga sayar da kowane ƙarin naúrar na kayayyaki. Muhimmancin ne m da MR rabo babba kudaden shiga (ΔTR) kara fito da daya kyau - kyau / sabis (ΔV).

M halin kaka ƙayyade balle bukatar ciyar albarkatun domin samar da wani ƙarin naúrar na fitarwa.

Wannan shi ne, kowane ƙarin naúrar na kayayyaki, da m kudin da wanda yake kasa da iyaka na samun kudin shiga, dole ne a za'ayi kamar na kowane irin naúrar sayar, kamfanin zai karbi kudin shiga ne mafi girma daga cikin kudin na albarkatun. Da zarar MP = MS kamata dakatar da karuwa a girma saboda a irin wannan daidaici da aka kai cikin mafi girman kamfanin da riba. Riba maximization yanayi da ake sadu.

minimizing hasarori

A baya can tattauna yanayin riba maximization, wanda aka kashe a lokacin da ganiya fitarwa, ba daya sakamakon. Wannan shi ne, idan wannan m domin sanin mafi kyau duka samar girma, sa'an nan ta amfani da farko ko na biyu yanayin, wannan adadin darajar da aka kai.

Bayan ganewa na tattalin arziki da asarar masana'antun sun kuma saita ƙarar na samarwa a da asarar ne mafi ƙasƙanci. Wannan shi ne zai yiwu a karkashin yanayin da cewa bambanci tsakanin total halin kaka da kuma kudaden shiga da za a yi kadan.

Minimizing da asarar da na kamfanin da aka samu a lokacin da na karshe naúrar samar girma farashin daidai m kudin. Amma farashin ya kamata ba ƙetare talakawan total halin kaka (ATC) da ya zama mafi girma fiye da talakawan m kudin (ABC). Karkashin m gasar, a lokacin da manufacturer ba zai iya shafar darajar da dukiya, MR (m kudaden shiga) yake daidai da farashin (P) da naúrar. Sa'an nan MR = MC = P idan ABC

A kasuwar farashin da talakawan kudin

Saboda haka, domin mulkin na riba maximization a cikin yanayi na m gasar ne halin da daidaici MR = MC = P. A lissafi da farashin bayyana, wanda ya kamata a idan aka kwatanta da halin kaka ga hakar da tattalin arziki riba.

Average kudin (AC) ana ayyana a matsayin babban kashe kudi da kuma fitarwa. Sun zo a cikin iri uku:

• ATS - babban;
• ABC - m.
• APS - m.

Darajar kudi a wani kudin:

1. P> ATC - da hali a wanda kamfanin ta tattalin arziki da riba. riba maximization yanayi ne irin wannan cewa kudaden shiga sama ta halin kaka.
2. P = PBX. Kamfanin rufe ta halin kaka, ba kudi riba.
3. P
4. ABC

Riba a cikin yanayi na rashin kammala gasar

A wani kasuwar halin da ake ciki inda masu kera iya sarrafa farashin, bukatar da aka rage, sa'an nan dokoki na riba maximization canzawa. Kafin manufacturer kiwata tambaya: don rage farashin ko rage fitarwa.

Amma tare da ajizai gasar, da mafi tallace-tallace, da ƙananan farashin mai kayayyaki, da kuma kowane karin naúrar na fitarwa ne aka sayar a wata low price. Wannan ne ya sayar da wani ƙarin naúrar, da manufacturer rage farashin. A daya hannun, yana haifar da sakamako na karuwa a tallace-tallace, a daya hannun, kamfanin shan wahala asarar saboda saye biya kasa.

Dangi Loss rage m kudaden shiga (MR), wanda shi ne ba da wannan a matsayin da sayarwa farashi. Hanyoyi zuwa kara da riba, a karkashin cikakke kuma, a akasin haka, ajizai gasar da na kowa yanayin MR = MC. Amma a kowane hali yana da halaye, wanda za a iya gani a cikin binciken na ajizai gasar kasuwar iri.

Ribar karkashin kenkenewa

A kasuwa a wanda wani manufacturer sayar da kaya ba da ciwon kama samfurori da wani irin sa na halaye da aka kira a matsayin wata kenkenewa. A rashin gasar - babban yanayin kenkenewa. A yi, musamman a cikin duniya, kuma matakin kasa, da irin wannan kasuwar model ne rare, amma yana faruwa a gida matakin.

The musamman da suka bambanta da samfurin da aka tilasta yin saye su saya da shi a farashin kafa ta manufacturer, ko na fita daga shi. Amma idan farashin ne da muni, sa'an nan da sayen ikon za a rage. Saboda haka, manufar da ke boye abinci don kara riba ba kawai ya tabbatar da dalilin da girma, amma kuma da kafa da farashin da dukiya, a cikin abin da duk kayayyakin samar da sha'anin za a gane.

Domin high rates na riba shi ne m yanayin: P> MR = MC. Na farko, da sanannun daidaici MR = MC m kenkenewa kafa mafi kyau duka adadin kyau saki, sa'an nan gwama samun kudin shiga da iyaka da farashin, ya kafa tamanin da lissafi P> MR.

Riba a karkashin oligopoly

A kananan yawan manyan kamfanonin gasar da juna, shi ne halayyar wani oligopoly. A kusa da dangantaka da kamfanonin rinjayar da hali a saitin farashin. fafatawa a gasa, 'dabarun - wani muhimman hakkokin factor a kayyade amfani da ƙara na fitarwa farashin.

Tare da irin wannan kasuwar tsarin irin bai yi aiki da lissafi MR = MC, inda shi ne mafi kyau duka adadin da wani babban riba da aka kai. Riba maximization karkashin oligopoly:

• samfurin bambantawa.
• ingantattun quality.
• musamman zane.
• inganta sabis matakan.

dogon lokaci

Maximizing da riba a cikin gajeren gudu aka gabatar a cikin sama misalai. Domin cikin dogon lokaci, akwai da siffofin karuwa ribar:

• lokaci factor.
• da alama na fitowan da sabon kasuwanci ko, a akasin haka, su rage.
• farashin canji.

A halin da ake ciki inda da darajar da dukiya a sama wa talakawan jimlar kudin (ATC), don jawo hankalin sabon fafatawa a gasa, a cikin masana'antu. Duk da haka, da kaifi karuwa a kamfanonin take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a cikin juz'i na kaya a kasuwa, kuma wannan shi ne kai tsaye hanyar rage farashin, da yake sauka zuwa matakin ATS. Tsoron sun jawo asarar da sakamakon a wani outflow na kamfanoni daga kansu, kuma tasowa a baya Trend.

Fadowa farashin take kaiwa zuwa equalization na babban albashi har zuwa matakin total halin kaka, da adadin net albashi tayi, amma lissafin kudi riba zauna barga. Wannan damar kamfanoni don ci gaba da ayyukan a cikin dogon lokaci ba tare da canza samar, don kara bukatar, wanda drags tare da Yunƙurin a farashin da kuma haifar da yanayi na riba maximization: P> ATC.

A wani masana'antu wanda aka halin tashin halin kaka, da halin da ake ciki ne daban-daban: shi kawai ya hana sabon kasuwanci fita tare da su kayayyakin a kasuwa, idan farashin rasa. A cikin hali na kafa wata price fi talakawan total halin kaka da kuma tabbatar da ganin wata barga bukatar, akwai duk yiwuwa don cika dokoki na riba maximization.