Daidaita a cikin abun da ke ciki:-daban da kuma ka'idojin

Kalmar "abun da ke ciki" da ake nufi da a fili na wasu abubuwa a wani jitu dukan. Wannan ra'ayi ya shafi daidai da kyau a daidai sciences kuma a art ka'idar a general. Ma'auni a cikin abun da ke ciki - daya daga cikin biyu da muhimmanci yanayin da kasancewar. Na biyu shi ne hade da duk bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa daga cikin abu a cikin guda form. Tun da ma'adanin da kuma gine ko injiniya neman jituwa, ya gani kamar yadda su Babban burin da kuma ma'asumi, da cikar wadannan yanayi biyu ne kawai gaskiya da abun da ke ciki.

Janar msar tambayar Concepts

Song Science ware uku na ta iri, wanda a yi sukan haɗa dangi da kuma ci gaba da juna, bada wani lokacin da mafi m da multifaceted hade. A sakamakon wannan al'ada ne Masterpieces. Wadannan sun hada da: gaban, da girma da kuma zurfin-sarari abun da ke ciki.

Domin duk haduwar cewa nuna wani hoto, tsari, ko wasu halitta, abin da ya bayyana a sakamakon wani aiki na fasaha, dole ne a adalci, wanda aka farko da aka bayyana a cikin na gani zaman lafiyar da hadaddun na ta bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa. A wannan yanayin, shi ne ba ko da yaushe wata tambaya na m fasali. A ma'auni a cikin abun da ke ciki shi ne ma'auni na duk abubuwa (da su, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa hada da wani) daga cibiyar. A wannan yanayin, da bukatar a cimma irin wannan kwanciyar hankali da ake a fili shibtarsu da yanayi da kanta. Hujja da wannan zai iya zama a matsayin hujjar cewa dabba da shuka rayuwa, har ma da matattun duniya ne muhimmi balance a cikin abun da ke ciki. Misalai daga gare su ba a ko'ina, Maple ganye, snow crystal clamshell, da dai sauransu ...

Search for jituwa a cikin tsari na abubuwa na wani mutum da m tunani, shi ne da ilhama. Wannan hali za a iya gano a cikin tarihi na duniya da al'adun su na shekaru dubbai. A musamman, shi ne aka bayyana a cikin dirka da fasali, cewa, ya tabbatar, msl, na gani balance taro a abun da ke ciki haihuwa Katolika babban coci, Rasha coci gine-gine, kuma ba shakka a cikin gungu Masar pyramids.

Fasali da kuma jeri na bangaren

Kamar yadda aka sani, da cikakkar proportionality a cikin yanayi ba ya wanzu. Har ila yau, shi ba ya faruwa a shi da kuma kammala jeri na bangaren. Duk da haka, a gaskiya tsarin da madubi manufa na cikakken rinjaye na halittu masu rai (kazalika da yawa abubuwa na matattun halitta) na nuna cewa duk abin da o ƙarin proportionality a duniya. Gravitate zuwa gare shi, da kuma mutum halitta.

Ma'auni taro na abun da ke ciki aka samu da ta dace wuri na ta abubuwa a cikin jirgin sama, ko da cibiyar batu. The fasali na wannan - yana da mafi alama bambanci quality. The sama ta madubi ne ya fi kowa da irin a banmamaki yanayi da a cikin art. Jigon shi ne kusa da wani daidaita rabo daga sassa na abu dangi da a tsaye ko a kwance axis.

irin wannan nau'in ma'auni abun da ke ciki kamar yadda helical da axial fasali, kafa ta juyawa game da axis. A cikin farko idan, a lokacin da juya daban-daban abubuwa za a iya hada akai-akai. A karo na biyu, da dukan m dabaru haifar da kuzarin kawo cikas - karkace motsi a kusa da rikicewar axis.

Amma ba su yi ĩmãni da cewa jituwa a cikin halittar da artist iya cimma kawai tsananin wadannan dokoki na proportionality. Daya hanyar cimma shi a cikin art, gine-gine, litattafan da shayari ne skewness, wanda kuma ya hada da a cikin tushe da abun da ke ciki. Ma'auni a cikin rashi na m daidaici abubuwa cinma daidai jeri kuma mix na dukkan sassa na abu da su launi sautunan da kuma nauyi. Irin wannan hanyoyin misali, za mu iya gani a cikin hotuna, "Landscape da Polyphemus" Poussin da kuma "Madonna na Rocks" by Leonardo Vinci.

A sikelin darajar

Kayayyakin balance taro a abun da ke ciki da in babu fasali ma zartar a cikin gine-gine. Yana iya zama abin koyi St. Andrew da ciwon disproportionate turret (daya daga cikin halayyar siffofin na Victoria style). Jeri na bangaren ne mafi rikitarwa dabara a cikin art kuma da bambanci da madubi Hanyar da aka karanta a hankali. A matsayin wata hanya aika da da ruhun da muradinta na artist ta zuwa ga mafi m magana, da fidda bayyana wani mashahurin balance a cikin abun da ke ciki. Showing wani ma'auni na daban-daban abubuwa na daban-daban mataki na massiveness, shi halitta da mafarki na motsi a cikin kowa da kan iyakoki.

Da ainihin solidity na abubuwa da aka karanta kawai ta hanyar kwatanta su, da kuma "ƙẽtare haddi a sa'an" amfani da kalmar a cikin kimantawa tsari. Don ƙirƙirar compositionally daidai jeri na bangaren muhimmancin karami daki-daki an cire matsayin wani tasiri wajen m magana. A lokaci guda, ta amfani da sikelin, ba za ka iya tafi a kan rabbai, tun suna da nasaba,. Domin shi ne mafi rikitarwa dokar ma'auni a cikin abun da ke ciki.

gwargwado manufa ne batun da haƙuri da dangantakar dake tsakanin biyu ko fiye da canji. Kara daya zuwa wasu har, karuwa, da kuma sauran by guda sau.

Lissafi a Art

Yarda da sama bayyana dokoki iya cimma proportionality da cikakken jituwa abubuwa dangane da abu sassa da core. Ka'idar rabo - wannan shi ne wani classic cikin duniya kudi a cikin abun da ke ciki. A cikin taken "Balance a hoto art da kuma gine", akwai mutane da yawa kimiyya ayyukansu.

Saboda haka, a matsayin cikakkar rabbai da ake kira zinariya rabo da aka gano ƙarni ago. Da kalmar da aka gabatar a cikin m amfani mai baiwa Leonardo Vinci. Wannan rabo yakan haifar da wani ma'auni a cikin abun da ke ciki, yawan ilmin lissafi maganganu 1.62. Graphically shi ne daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar gina geometrically cikakken biyar-nuna star, kowane gefe na wanda za a iya conventionally kasu kashi biyu. Bisa wani ɓangare alaka da juna a cikin rabo na "zinariya sashe".

Asiri na wannan rabo, bisa ga masana kimiyya, da aka sani na da yawa dubban shekaru da suka wuce. Sakamakon da ake ji wannan dabara ne daidai da ma'auni na abun da ke ciki, misalai na wanda mu zamanin da ya gaji wata babbar Tsarin kamar Parthenon, kuma pyramids. Tsarin sanya bisa ga wannan rabbai, suna kuma a cikin Indiya da China, a Italiya da kuma a Girka.

A Figures a cikin zanen

A search daga cikin mafi ma'ana artists dukkan ƙarni makircinsu tenderly bi da kowane mahimmin juzu'in a cikin labarin, ɗauke da abun da ke ciki. A kan ma'auni na lissafi siffofi tushen art kamar mafi artists na Renaissance da farkon gargajiya zamanin. Alal misali, a cikin hoto N. Poussin ta "Landscape da Polyphemus" biyu kumshin sassa su ne manyan kananan alwatika rubũtacce cikin juna. Duk da yake haruffan na Leonardo Vinci ta "Madonna na Rocks" an sauƙi shirya a dala, koli na wanda shi ne Virgin kanta.

Don canja wurin wani tsayayyen image na artist sa irin wannan hanya a matsayin tsaye abun da ke ciki, da ma'auni na lissafi siffofi a wanda aka samu da jawo duk Lines ga core image. An misali na irin wannan mafita iya zama icons, inda ya fi na kowa tsari na mãkirci abubuwa a siffar da'ira, square ko murabba'i mai dari, kuma sau da yawa gano m fasali.

A tsaye ake bukata don canja wurin jihar da hutawa, da sarari aka rufe. Irin wannan abun da ke ciki ne da ake bukata a cikin batutuwa da ba su unsa masu kuzarin kawo cikas. Alal misali, a cikin zane "Vertical na Xenia Tishininoy" I. Vishnyakov har ma da heroine ta adadi ya ƙunshi wani jinsin equilateral alwatika kuma shine kadai kashi cewa rattaba kalma daga cikin haske launuka.

Schematically bude qagaggun

Da zuwan na Renaissance halin canza manufar ganewarsu kanta. Iyakoki na mutum sani significantly ya karu, wanda quite ta halitta nuna a art, music, adabi da kuma gine. Musamman iyaka duniya fadada m iyaka da kuma rufaffiyar abun da ke ciki canza bude.

Motsi zuwa ga tsĩra daga jituwa a cikin kowane hoto, da artist, ba shakka, shiryar da zalla sirri ji da kuma Rokon wa m tunani. Kuma ko da yake yi na halitta ba za a iya bincikar, mafi used dabaru za a iya karanta kuma dauke a cikin mafi daki-daki. A musamman, shi shafi art makircinsu da wanda ma'auni aka samu a cikin abun da ke ciki. Misalai na zane, wani mãkirci, wanda ya hada da wani m jerin ra'ayoyi tare da more bambancin sassa m damar bayyana kallo aboki na sassa daban-daban a cikin wani unitary tsarin.

Ma'ana sassa a ma'auni

Daya daga cikin mafi bayyanar a cikin wannan ma'ana, wa] annan ayyukan zane-zane na Velasquez. Saboda haka, a cikin m halitta, "saranda na Breda" abin mamaki a fili gano balance turbid da haske aibobi na haske da kuma tsaka tsaki launi, da hade da m sassa da m takardar sayen magani shirin.

Babban kashi na mãkirci ne located dama a tsakiyar yanar gizo. Heroes tura juna. lashe kai ne dan kadan sama da shugabannin da abin ya shafa, maƙiyi dubi haske tabo a kan wani maras ban sha'awa bango gundura da sojoji da kuma ya ba da greenish. A adadi na Gwamnan, bada wani m key zuwa auku birni, tsarin fitar a kan wani haske bango. Ya aka da ɗan swarthy, fuskarsa firam da wani farin wuya. Wadannan saba za a iya gano a ko'ina cikin yanar gizo.

Daya diagonal line Forms gyale, wanda daura da lashe kafada da cinya, da kuma sauran - flag daga cikin ci maƙiyinku da hannu layi na leoyan. Kayayyakin gabar zurfin hoto tare da 'yan haske shanyewar jiki - wani doki ta kai a kan hagu na gwamnan da kuma wani farin shirt warrior kusa da ita.

"Bar Breda" wakiltar wani zanen nuna ainihin dokoki na abun da ke ciki. Ma'auni a kanta aka samu da elaboration da dama makircinsu shugaba ba hangen zaman gaba.

chronotop manufa

Balance a cikin abun da ke ciki kuma za a iya cimma ta jawo wani hoto na ci gaba da events. Wannan dabara da babban rabo mai girma ta amfani da tsoho Rasha artists. Saboda haka, Novgorod painters na marigayi tsakiyar zamanai aka halitta da sassaka da hoto a launi, da mãkirci na wanda aka dogara ne a kan shahara yakin Novgorod sojojinta daga Suzdal. A wannan aikin, uku-tiered abun da ke ciki aka yi amfani da: a jerin (downward) uku m juna da aka kafa, kowanne daga abin da nuna wani guda episode. A lokaci guda, kasancewa tsananin daya sama da sauran, suna wakiltar wani hoto daya.

Similar kuma babu kasa kowa Hanyar warware matsaloli ne da halittar kumshin images cewa an kafe a events cewa ya faru a wurare daban-daban da kuma a lokuta dabam dabam, amma da alaka da wani guda storyline. Sau da yawa, wannan wani hoto ne babban ruwa tare da tsakiyar episode a tsakiyar da kuma a jam'i na kananan, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa sanya a kusa. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, waɗannan ayyuka kasance a cikin salo iconography ko kawai aiki a kan addini jigogi, wani sananne misali na wanda za ku bauta a matsayin zane Ieronima Boskha.

A abun da ke ciki na ado arts

The hanyoyin da dabarun amfani ga watsa daga m ganewa, bambanta dangane da irin art a cikin abin da marubucin aiki. Wannan, ba shakka, akwai iya zama irin wannan ko dokokin general. Duk da haka, kowane craft sosai musamman da kuma, sabili da haka, kowace daga cikin hanyar abun da ke ciki na iya da kyau a yi amfani a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban.

A zanen ya zama kwayoyin halitta da kuma hanyoyin da za a hada duka da abubuwa, ba tare da imposition na ideas. Kuma idan misali juna yana da matsayin daya daga burinta da canja wurin mafarki da sarari a da ikon yinsa, kuma zurfin, da jama'a zane-zane, master ne Keen jaddada taimako da kuma daki-daki, ta amfani da dabaru na musamman. ado art dabaru ne ta sha bamban daga hanyoyin da abun da ke ciki, amfani da na gargajiya artists. Alal misali, kamar yadda aka nuna wuri mai faɗi da ba za a iya nuna a cikin zurfin, a kau da shirin ga m wurare kamar sama da sauransu. Irin wannan hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da ciki har da tsoho Rasha icon painters.

Shi ne saboda su tsabta da kuma a bayyane hanyoyin da ado da kuma amfani da art da iconography zama abu na nazari kan darussan da na zane-zane, a cikin na farko maki. Dalili na darasi shirin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ya hada da wani definition of "launi" da "tsari" - abubuwa da cewa samar da wani ma'auni a cikin abun da ke ciki (Grade 2).

Hanyoyin da abun da ke ciki

Kalubale shirya kai da zane-zane, kowane daga cikin ayyukansa bukatar kawai dama yanke shawara. A musamman wannan yana zartuwa ga dabarun da aka yi amfani a cikin shiri na abun da ke ciki. The hanyoyin amfani da kowane mutum artist kamata ya bambanta asali da kuma} ir}.

Don abun da ke ciki dokoki da aka complied tare, kamata ya yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa:

• taro da aka bayyana abubuwa.
• da kuma girma na kowane (a kan tushen da wannan) su location a kan takardar.
• kari na Lines da kuma launi shafa.
• mai Hanyar watsa da ra'ayi na marubucin;
• hanyoyin da abin da aka bayyana a sarari.

Na bayar da muhimmanci shi ne kuma har zuwa abin da a fili ya lokatai fita silhouettes da haruffa dangane da wani sa na Paints dukan hoto. Abun da ke ciki - a irin na musamman sana'a artist hanyar da ya kulawa don isar da hangen nesa daga cikin kewaye, da duniya, da namu ji ra'ayoyin, jam'iyya, kwarewa, da dai sauransu Wadannan dabarun ne honed kowace shekara master a cikin shekara ...

Aiki a kan abun da ke ciki

Duk wani art image Ana nazarin by marubucin a gaba da kuma quite lokaci mai tsawo. Lalle dama tsarin da abun da ke ciki na bukatar da artist, ya mallake ta kama basira don kammala. Saboda da ikon amfani da zama dole dabarun zama kullum Hone.

Domin cika tare da daidaita ainihin abubuwan da abun da ke ciki a kan takardar, shi ne dole a yi ba kwarewa. Ko wani sauki batu, saita a kan fararen surface na takarda, sa da artist mai yawa tambayoyi, saboda da alama shi zai bambanta dangane daidai inda za a located. Wannan ke ga wani sauran abubuwa da suke a kan zane.

Ainihin dokoki da kuma dabaru na abun da ke ciki ne da 'ya'yan itace na dunbin tarihi na art. Duk da haka, daga karni zuwa karni, suka bayansa da masu arziki kwarewa na sabon ƙarni na artists. abun da ke ciki m an canza, gwamnatin da kuma ko da yaushe yayi dace da matsayin da m Masters kowane musamman tsara.

Canja wuri da sikẽli

Lokacin da ya furta fasali na bayani na zanen ko wasu art abu compositionally daidaita. Amma ga asymmetrical hoto, ta abubuwa za a iya positioned zumunta ga juna kamar yadda a cikin balance sheet, kazalika da kashe shi. Don yin wannan, akwai jerin dabarun: m shafa haske launuka za a iya adalci da wani kananan duhu tabo. counterweight aikin wani jerin kananan spots daya manyan da t. d. Kamar wancan ne daban-daban yanar gizo sassa balance dangane da size, nauyi, da sauran halaye na sautunan.

Bugu da kari, ya kamata a adalci ba kawai, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa (haruffan, da abubuwa na sarari da kuma m. P.), Amma kuma da sarari therebetween. A daidai wannan compositional balance kamata ba a ko kwatanta da ilmin lissafi lissafi dabi'u. A ikon lamirinsu jin shi ko dai ba ta halitta ko za a iya ci gaba a kan lokaci, a wani tsari na rashin aiki. Amma ga asymmetrical hoto, to, shi ne mai na ginin jumla cibiyar a gefen image, ko babu.

Ma'auni abun da ke ciki a wani hali ya dogara da:

• daidai sakawa na m sassa na image.
• robobi da rhythmic art da rubuce-rubuce.
• rabbai a wadda kowane yanki na masana'anta rajista.
• da-zaba launuka da kuma launi alamu.

Design Concept

Ma'auni ainihin abubuwan da abun da ke ciki a kan takardar da aka kai da tsananin wadannan ka'idodi na su connection. A farko daga wanda (kuma mafi fili) shi ne ya dace. Gaskiyar cewa art ne a sarari a cikin abin da duk abin da aka subordinated to m dabaru, horo da kuma mai da hankali saving alama-ma'ana wajen, na bukatar a bayyana mataki na yarda da kokarin da takamaiman aiki a hannun. Duk wani aikin da ya kamata a ginannun concisely da kuma yadda productively kamar yadda zai yiwu cikin sharuddan watsa ra'ayoyi da artist bane.

A abun da ke ciki, a ainihi, shi ne dangane da disparate abubuwa, godiya ga kere hada su fara aiki kamar yadda productively kamar yadda zai yiwu a juna dogara wakiltar wani sabon abu da kuma na kowa. Yana magana game da manufa na hadin kai da kuma mutunci, da za a bi ta kowane artist. Domin fahimtar ko tilasta doka a kan zane, shi wajibi ne don wajen tunani cire wani bangare na abun da ke ciki na hoto. A wannan yanayin, idan a sakamakon wannan makirci bai sha wani lalacewa, za ka iya amince kammala da cewa, mutunci manufa, a fili gaji da damuwa. A wannan za a iya ce game da canji na abun da ke ciki na wurare da kuma game da yin hoton wasu sababbin abubuwa.

Samar da hadin kai da kuma mutunci

Don duk ka'idojin abun da ke ciki an hadu, wadannan hanyoyin dole ne a yi amfani da:

1. Relevant abubuwa zoba, da hidima ga nanata tsare-tsaren. Bugu da kari, wannan dabara ba a ji na da zurfi da sarari ba girma image.
2. Farilla daga cikin hadin kai na tsari da kuma hali na aikin ya shafi wannan hanya da kuma style. Lines da kuma roba abubuwa da ya kamata a hade tare da juna. A launuka ya kamata a zaba a wannan key, kuma maimaita su kamar yadda ake bukata. Wannan ke don irin zane.
3. A abun da ke ciki ya kamata ba generalizes siffar, cikinsa da graphic-juna ma'ana bayani kamata kuma ya kasance uniform.

Bugu da kari, domin cimma mutunci da compositional balance, dole ne ka ci gaba zuwa wani m jerin ayyuka a matakai na aiki. Don fara tunani a hankali game da samfurin shiri. Developing duk tsarin abubuwa da abun da ke ciki, shi wajibi ne domin sanin mataki na hulda da ta babba sassa. Don yin wannan zai yiwu, hada robobi image, a cikin abin da silhouettes iya sa'an nan shigar da cikakkun bayanai.