"Cornflower" (82 mm turmi): halaye, photos

Barin a XX karni zama wani makawa irin dakaru makamai. A cewar ma'aikatan, suka kayan wanka, dangane da zamo, tsara don ba da raka'a kamfanin, bataliya, regimental da rundunar matakin. Musamman wajen wuta halaka shi "Centaurea" - turmi iya harbe-harben bursts, kuma idan ya cancanta yi ayyuka a baya musamman a cikin manyan bindigogi bindigogi.

Mene ne turmi

A classic ji na turmi - wani irin makami cewa yana amfani da wani jet rafi wanda aka kafa a kan walai daga propelling cajin. A ganga na wannan kayan aiki kayyade shugabanci da kuma sa hannu gudu na dako, da ake kira nawa kuma wakiltar fukin tsuntsu munition. Fis, yawanci, lamba ne a gaban part. A zane yawanci hada turmi m tushe farantin, a bipod, da shiriya na'urar da sighting. Sa'an nan, a cikin classic gabar loading da aka sanya kai tsaye a gaban harbi. Mina bauta daga muzzle na ganga hula zubar a raya na dako ignites da detonator, sakamakon kunnawa da propelling cajin.

Duk da haka, da rokoki a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma masu gadi da ake kira Katyushas. "Tulip 2S4" The tsarin ne kuma, duk da a fili howitzer yanayi, nasa ne wannan aji na makamai, ko da yake shi ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin kai-propelled manyan bindigogi.

A Tarayyar Soviet da shi da aka soma da turmi "cornflower" a shekarar 1970. Hotuna da wuta da makaman makiya manpower ne m tarayya, tare da wani gun. Duk da haka, da tsari da kuma tsarin da harsashi ya nuna a fili cewa shi ne nawa. Ammonium yana da wani hannayen riga, shi ne wasan kwaikwayo. To, abin da yake wannan symbiosis na bindigogi da kuma rokoki? Kuma abin da shi ne ga? Menene da abũbuwan amfãni?

Barin da kuma bindigogi

Dalilan da ya sa rokoki ne tartsatsi, 'yan, da kuma duk suna da muhimmanci. Wannan irin makami ne halin da dangi sauƙi, sauki, bayyana a manufacturability, da kuma kula da, wani babban mai daukan hankali iko da ikon rufe makasudin daga sama, daga sama, da cewa shi ne, daga cikin shugabanci na kalla tsaro. Domin harbe-harben a hinged yanayin amfani da wani howitzer ko turmi. Igwa a cikin wannan Tã more, halin kaka ne mafi rikitarwa da kuma tsaro kasafin kudin a babban adadin. Gun, ba shakka, da da abũbuwan amfãni, shi ne don inganta dogon zangon, ya zamo kamar da kuma daidaito, amma bisa wasu sharudda ci karo da fama sau da yawa, wadannan abũbuwan amfãni an biya diyya. The line tsakanin biyu na kowa wajen halaka zamo kusan gama Yana share turmi "Cornflower", wani photo na wanda hinted a da "zumunci" da bindigogi. Dangane da matsayin da ganga, shi ya zama kamar lāka, howitzer da saba gun, harbi dabbõbin. Idan wannan muna ƙara ban sha'awa Properties na wani babban kudi na wuta, da musamman makami ya zama na fili.

A tarihin na "Cornflower"

A ra'ayin na samar da wani m-turmi samo asali a cikin post-yaki Tarayyar Soviet. A shekarar 1946, da zanen VK Filippov da shawarar yin amfani da rollback makamashi zuwa recharge da bindiga, wanda aka tuhuma da breech. A kanta, wannan bayani ne ba sabon ba, fãce da muhimmanci cewa shi aka amfani dangane da turmi, maimakon m-gun. Filippova aiki wani rabo, a shekarar 1955 QAM samfurin da aka sanya ta Soviet Army. An yi nufin amfani da tukwãne yanayi (casemates kuma m kufaifan), kuma ya yi wani m-wuta atomatik turmi. Shekaru hudu daga baya, Na shirya da kuma gwada filin version of Kama samu da sunan F-82. Ga m dalilai, wannan abin kwaikwaya a yau a samar gudu ba. A 1967, bayan da wasu gyare-gyare, ya aka karbuwa har yanzu a jihar hukumar. Bisa ga kafa hadisin a cikin manyan bindigogi, ya samu wani m flower kira "Cornflower". 82 mm m turmi iya wuta tare da wani kudi na 100 RDS. / Min. da kudi na wuta na 170 akai-akai. Bambanci a cikin wadannan biyu Figures ne saboda da lokaci da ake bukata a recharge da cassette.

Gyara na "M"

Shekaru da dama da sabis a cikin sojojin a yarda da injiniyoyi zuwa zana Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa ruwan sanyaya ganga za a iya soke. M cover kare daga zafi fiye da kima a high da harbe-harben kudi, cire, ya karu bango kauri a cikin tsakiyar yankin, samar da wani surface hakarkarinsa cewa inganta zafi canja wuri da yanayi da kuma cika da rawar da iska sanyaya lagireto. A duk sauran madaidaci da shi shi ne wannan "Cornflower". A turmi aka kira 2B9M (modified), a fili yana da sauki bambanta daga baya version na Ribbed ganga. Kamar yadda kara yi wannan bayani da aka kubutar, musamman ga bari yanayi, a cikin abin da sojojin suna fuskantar matsalar karancin ruwa.

Me iya "Cornflower"

Turmi a cikin classic version shan wahala daga tsanani zane aibi. da recoil makamashi Yanã kawar da na dukan tsarin saboda ƙasa nakasawa da kuma inji effects a kan akwati. Bayan kowane harbi, da lissafi yana zuwa daidaita sigogi da kuma ganawa da nufin sake. The na'urar turmi "Cornflower" damar amfani recoil makamashi samar da wani sabon harsashi a cikin ganga. Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga absorbers sanya a kusa da gangar jikin bauta zuwa sha ta fiye da kima. A sakamakon haka, daidaito da sakamakon shi ne har yanzu high a cikin management jerin gwano wuta. Yoke yana hudu mahakar.

versatility

Daya daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni na "Cornflower" ne ta versatility. Daga shi za ka iya harba a hanyoyi daban-daban.

2B9 za a iya amfani da a matsayin talakawa turmi, wanda idan aka yi loading daga muzzle. Duk da haka, babban bambanci gun ne da ikon harba da bindiga a matsayin al'ada m, kuma ko da korau (har zuwa 1 °) kwana na tadawa. Domin harbe-harben a cikin "turmi" Yanayin, iri uku zargin, tare da manyan bindigogi nakiyoyi daidaita Hanyar iya amfani. Akwai biyu halaye: atomatik kuma guda.

harsasai

3V01 fragmentation harsasai harbi ne na yau da kullum, wanda aka tsara domin 120-mm turmi "Cornflower". Its mataki shrapnel, amma a Bugu da kari shi ya hada da sauran iri zargin, ciki har da tarawa tsara don halakar da sulke da motocin.

A tsarin hada da wani cajin wasu fiye da mahakar Shestiperov O-832DU, babban propellant cajin F-832DU. Lokacin da na farko gudu 272 m / S shi na samar da wani fanni na raunuka daga 800 zuwa 4270 m. Mass propellant harsasai ne 3100 grams, da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa kafa a hutu don shida, kowane yin la'akari fiye da gram. A radius na ci gaba da shan kashi - 18 mita.

Baya daga cikin babban propellant cajin yi nufin goya wani na farko gudu nawa da aiwatuwa a cikin wutsiya rabo, da kuma kara nema. A yanke shawarar yarda da su yi amfani da na kirga shugaban, don a san manufar wanda shi ne zuwa wuta turmi "Cornflower". Harbe-harben range ya dogara da zabi na ƙarin propellant. Su dogon zane cheholchiki dauke da abubuwa masu fashewa rufe annularly wutsiya rabo daga dako da kuma stabilizer lazimta ta al'ada buttonhole fastener. Su kauri ne m da lambar - na 1 zuwa 3.

motsi Aids

82mm turmi "Cornflower" weighs 622 kg, don haka su safarar da musamman inji amfani. Kamar yadda irin wannan da aka saba amfani saba Gaz-66, kaddamarda 2F54. A gun ne a kan Maris a jiki, a lokuta na musamman (for gaggawa canji na matsayi ko wasu kwatsam-farko yanayi) halatta towing. Lissafin lokuttan kunshi hudu (kwamandan, sojan igwa, Loader da kuma direban tsaron ƙofofi).

Nasara kayayyaki sun sha karfafa injiniyoyi a kasashe daban-daban ƙoƙari ya haifar da wani mai sarrafa kansa kai-propelled turmi. "Cornflower" shigar a kan sa ido shasi MT-LB a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Hungary, kamar yadda wasu sana'a a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya , da kuma a yau shi ne saka a kan m American sojojin Jeep "guduma".

Yadda za a harba wani "Cornflower"

Regular karusa da sauki kamar yadda zai yiwu, shi ne kama da talakawa gun, a cikin zane hada da tire da kuma firam. Fassarori cikin yãƙi yanayin take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa ƙafafun dauke kashe a kasa da kuma bauta a matsayin wani goyon baya da kuma a jack tsayawar da saki openers. Atomatik turmi "Cornflower" za a iya tashe ko saukar da, dangane da yanayin da harbe-harben. Matsakaicin tsawo na tadawa na ganga a cikin ƙananan matsayi ne 78 °, 85 ° a cikin sama. A lokacin da harbi hinged tare da wani gangare mafi girma daga 40 °, domin kauce wa lalacewa sunadaran daga tasirin a kan ƙasa, karkashin butt kushin ake bukata su yi ta tono a sako. Low tadawa kusassari ana amfani da saiti ganga a sulke hari. A wannan wuri, da 82-mm turmi "Cornflower" da ake amfani da matsayin m anti-tanki gun da kananan fuska, amma mai iko sosai.

panoramic gani da aka bayar domin kai tsaye wuta, wanda a cikin wannan yanayin canza maras kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta (Pam-1). Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na shiriya kayan aiki ne ma a lighting na'urar "Ray-PM2M", tsara don harbe-harben da dare.

fama da aikace-aikacen

A farko da manyan fama gwajin ga Afghanistan yaki ya zama 2B9. Features na ayyukan da za'ayi a cikin dutsen yankunan, to saki gagarumin m kafin mu makaman da cikakkiyar. Ya versatility da kuma ikon buga boye hari, a hade tare da motsi, sanã'anta girmamawa, wanda aka yi amfani da "Cornflower" runduna. Turmi sau da yawa gyara ga ɗauka da sauƙi sulke transporters MT-LB, kyale ka ka da sauri bar mukamin bayan kamar wata jũya, ba tare da jiran dawowar wuta. Sa'an nan aka gano wasu zane flaws. A musamman, mine tef ba ko da yaushe samun akai wuri, kuma shi dosylka ake bukata a hefty duka tare da guduma, wanda ya ko da yaushe a hannunka Loader.

A general, wani atomatik turmi tabbatar da zama abu mai kyau. Su yi amfani da shi a cikin da yawa m rikice-rikice da cewa sun taso a cikin ƙasa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, musamman a cikin biyu Chechnya yaƙe-yaƙe.

halaye na

A yanzu lokaci ne ba a asirce da bayanai game da yadda za a turmi "Cornflower". Features ma rasa ya tsaro rarrabuwa saboda fadi da yaduwar makamai a duniya.

Sassan ake Sauki kamar yadda zai yiwu, da shiriya gina a kan dunƙule majalisai. Manual juyawa da ƙuƙumma kwashe kwance shiriya a cikin 60 ° daga tsaye da kuma -1 ° zuwa 85 ° (a lõkacin da cikakken tãyar da jack). Matsakaicin radius fama rauni ne 4.7 km. Akwati m juyawa mahakar samar da shida alkalama wutsiya sashe da suke slant dangi zuwa tsaye axis. A cassette da aka tsara don hudu zargin. Staff harsasai qunshi 226 min. Total nauyi na sanye take mota ne fiye da shida tons. Motsi da shi tare da babbar hanya a gudun 60 km / h kan m ƙasa - 20 km / h. A cikin harbe-harben matsayi na tsarin shi ne na kullum don minti goma sha biyar.

Harkokin waje na "Cornflowers"

gun zane ne mai sauki, na asali da kuma fasaha. A duniya da ba ta da analogues, ko da yake samar da wadannan samfurori ne a yanzu a cikin kasar. Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, kasar Sin ta samu a lasisi don yi na "gun-type 99" - don haka a kasar Sin da ake kira "Cornflower". Turmi saki babbar yawa, kuma zai iya yanzu za a gani da kuma ji a sassa daban-daban na duniya ya rufe a harshen yaƙe-yaƙe.

Bayani game da ko "Cornflowers" kunshi a Rasha Army, A halin yanzu babu. Mafi m, su sun maye gurbin mafi m model.