CNS - abin da yake da shi? Jamhuriyar juyayi tsarin: sassan, ayyuka,

CNS - abin da yake da shi? A tsarin da mutum juyayi tsarin da aka bayyana a cikin nau'i na branched lantarki cibiyar sadarwa. Wata kila wannan shi ne mafi m misãli, zai yiwu, kamar yadda ta bakin ciki filaments, zaruruwa kuma lalle ne yanã gudãna halin yanzu. Our Kwayoyin kansu janye microdischarges zuwa da sauri isar da bayanai daga rabe da azanci shine gabobin a cikin kwakwalwa. Amma da tsarin ba aiki kwatsam, duk abin da yake ƙarƙashin wani m matsayi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa saki tsakiya da kuma na gefe m tsarin.

CNS

Mun yi la'akari da wannan tsarin a more daki-daki. Duk da haka, tsakiya m tsarin - abin da yake da shi? Medicine samar da wani m amsar wannan tambaya. Wannan shi ne babban ɓangare na juyayi tsarin na chordate dabbobi da mutane. Ya kunshi tsarin raka'a - da neurons. A kwaro, dukan tsarin kama wani tari na nodules da ba su da hujjõji subjugate juna.

The mutum tsakiya m tsarin da aka wakilta wani gungu na kwakwalwa da kuma laka. A karshen rarrabe mahaifa, thoracic, lumbar, kuma sacrococcygeal sassan. Suna located a cikin daidai sassa na jiki. Don da laka da aka gudanar kusan dukan gefe juyayi hasken dake fitowa.

Kwakwalwa, kuma, aka raba da dama sassa, wanda kowannensu yake da wani takamaiman aiki, amma tsara su aikin neocortex ko cerebral bawo. Saboda haka, anatomically rarrabe:

• kwakwalwa kara.
• medulla oblongata.
• na baya (cerebellum da gada).
• midbrain (quadrigemina farantin karfe kuma kwakwalwa kara).
• forebrain (cerebral hemispheres).

Ga cikakken bayani a kan kowanne daga cikin wadannan sassa za a iya bayyana a kasa. Irin wannan tsarin da juyayi tsarin da aka kafa a cikin shakka daga juyin halittar mutum har ya iya samar wa kansu a cikin sabon yanayin rayuwa.

laka

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin biyu jikin na tsakiya m tsarin. Physiology ta aiki ba ya bambanta daga abin da a cikin kwakwalwa: yin amfani da hadaddun sunadarai mahadi (neurotransmitters) da kuma dokokin kimiyyar lissafi (musamman, wutar lantarki), bayanai daga kananan jijiya rassan hade a manyan ganga da kuma ko dai aiwatar kamar yadda reflexes a cikin daidai yankin na laka, ko da shi ke da kwakwalwa domin kara aiki.

The laka ne a cikin bude tsakanin arches da vertebral jikinsu. An kare a matsayin shugaban, uku membranes: wuya, taushi da kuma arachnoid. A sarari tsakanin masana'anta zanen gado da aka cika da ruwa wanda ciyarwar da juyayi nama, da kuma yi aikin aiki na buga absorber (dampens vibrations a lokacin motsi). Laka fara daga bude a cikin occipital kashi, a kan iyakar da medulla oblongata, kuma ƙare a farko da na biyu lumbar vertebra. Sa'an nan kuma akwai kawai harsashi sayar da giya da kuma dogon jijiya zaruruwa ( "kuru wutsiya"). Anatomists conventionally raba shi a cikin sassan da segments.

A tarnaƙi daga kowane sashi (ya yi daidai da tsawo daga cikin vertebral) tashi azanci da kuma mota jijiya zaruruwa kira stubs. Wannan dogon matakai na neurons, waxanda suke da jiki kai tsaye zuwa cikin laka. Su ne wani haraji na bayanai daga wasu wurare na jiki.

medulla oblongata

The aiki na juyayi tsarin (tsakiyar) ne ma hannu, da kuma medulla oblongata. Yana da wani ɓangare na wani mahaluži kamar kwakwalwa kara, kuma shi ne a tsaye lamba tare da kashin baya. Akwai notional iyaka tsakanin ilimin Halittar Jiki Tsarin - wani mararraba na pyramidal fili. Daga gada raba ta gangara kwarin kunya da kuma auditory fili na ƙasar, wanda ya faru a cikin rhomboid fossa.

A thicker core zubar medulla 9, 10, 11 da kuma 12-th girman kwanyar jijiya zaruruwa hawa da sauka neuronal tafarkin da kuma reticular samuwar. Wannan yankin ne ke da alhakin kisan m reflexes, kamar sneezing, tari, amai, da sauransu. Kuma shi rike mu da rai da numfashi gudãnar da bugun zuciya. Bugu da kari, a cikin medulla ƙunshi cibiyoyin na kula da tsoka sautin da kuma rike hali.

gada

Tare da cerebellum ne raya ɓangare na CNS. Mene ne wannan? Tari na neurons kuma su tafiyar matakai, dake tsakanin su kẽta tsagi da manufa fitarwa na hudu biyu daga girman kwanyar jijiyoyi. Yana wakiltar valikoobraznoe thickening tare da wani sako a cibiyar (tasoshin dake cikinta). Daga tsakiyar gada daga cikin trigeminal jijiya zaruruwa. Bugu da ƙari, motsi daga gada sama da kuma tsakiyar kafafu da cerebellum, da kuma a cikin sama ɓangare na da pons shirya core 8, 7, 6 da kuma 5 ga watan girman kwanyar jijiya, auditory hanya rabo da reticular samuwar.

Babban aiki na gada ne da canja wurin da bayanai a cikin sama - da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin tsakiya m tsarin. Ta hanyar shi ya wuce da yawa suna hawa da sauka tafarkin da cewa kawo karshen ko fara da yabo a fagage daban-daban na cerebral bawo.

cerebellum

Wannan rabu CNS (tsakiya m tsarin), wanda shi ne alhakin da daidaituwa, balance riƙewa, da kuma kula da tsoka sautin. An ayi tsakanin gada da kuma midbrain. Domin bayani game da yanayi a cikinta bayar uku nau'i-nau'i daga kafafu, wanda mika jijiya zaruruwa.

A cerebellum abubuwa matsakaici haraji na duk bayani. Don shi yana karɓa da sigina daga m zaruruwa na laka, kazalika da mota zaruruwa cewa za a fara a cikin bawo. Bayan nazarin da samu bayanai, cerebellum aika hatsaisai kuma adjusts da mota cibiyar matsayi na jiki a cikin sarari. Duk wannan zai faru don haka da sauri da kuma smoothly cewa ba mu lura da aikinsa. All mu Dynamic automatisms (rawa, wasa kida da kuma rubuce-rubuce) - shi ne wajibi na cerebellum.

midbrain

A CNS, mutum yana da sashen cewa shi ne alhakin gani ji. Su ne midbrain. Yana kunshi sassa biyu:

• Yana wakilta wani m kwakwalwa kara, wadda ne pyramidal hanya.
• Top - wani farantin quadrigemina, wanda, a gaskiya, located na gani da auditory cibiyoyin.

Ilimi a cikin sama ɓangare yana da nasaba da matsakaiciyar kwakwalwa, don haka tsakanin su ba ko da suna da ilimin Halittar Jiki iyakoki. Conventionally, shi za a iya zaci cewa shi ne na baya commissure na hemispheres na kwakwalwa. A cikin zurfin na midbrain nuclei located da uku girman kwanyar jijiya - da oculomotor, kuma a Bugu da kari, har ma da ja tsakiya (shi ne alhakin zirga-zirga iko), substantia nigra (fãra motsi) da kuma reticular samuwar.

Babban ayyuka na wannan yankin na CNS:

• fuskantarwa reflexes (dauki ga karfi samuwar kasashe: haske, sauti, jin zafi, da dai sauransu ...).
• hangen nesa.
• da dauki na almajiri da haske da kuma masauki.
• m nuna kai da idanu.
• tabbatarwa daga kwarangwal tsoka sautin.

diencephalon

Wannan samuwar aka located sama da midbrain, kawai a kasa da tarin rubuce-rubuce callosum. Ya kunshi thalamic ɓangare na hypothalamus da uku ventricle. Thalamic rabo hada dace thalamus (ko thalamus) da kuma epithalamus metathalamus.

• A thalamus ne cibiyar, daga dukan nau'i na ƙwarai, ya tara duk azanci shine shigar da gudamawar da shi ga dace motor hanya.
• Epithalamus (epiphysis ko pineal jiki) ne endocrine gland shine yake. Its main aiki ne don tsara adam biorhythms.
• Metathalamus kafa tsakiya kuma a kaikaice geniculate jikinsu. Tsakiya jiki ne subcortical cibiyar ji da kuma a kaikaice - view.

A iko na hypothalamus ne pituitary gland shine yake da sauran endocrine gland. Bugu da kari, shi shirya wani ɓangare kuma autonomic juyayi tsarin. Domin da kudi na metabolism da kuma goyon baya na yanayin jiki, ya kamata mu gode masa daidai. The uku ventricle ne kunkuntar rami a wadda ruwa ake bukata don samar da CNS.

neocortex

Neocortex CNS - abin da yake da shi? Shi ne ƙarami rabo daga cikin juyayi tsarin, filo - da kuma developmentally, ya kafa daya daga cikin na karshe, kuma shi ne jerin Kwayoyin, densely, hanyõyi a saman juna. Wannan shafin ne game da rabi daga cikin jimlar sarari na cerebral hemispheres. Akwai gyrus da sulcus.

Akwai biyar sassa na bawo: frontal, parietal, boko, occipital, kuma insular. Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne alhakin da yanki na aiki. Alal misali, frontal lobes ne cibiyoyin ƙungiyoyi da kuma motsin zuciyarmu. A parietal da kuma na boko - da wasika cibiyoyin, jawabin, lafiya da kuma hadadden ƙungiyoyi a cikin occipital - na gani da auditory, kuma insula yayi dace da ma'auni da kuma daidaituwa.

All bayanai, wanda aka gane ta da endings na gefe m tsarin, ko na zama wari, dandano, zazzabi, matsa lamba, ko wani abu, shiga cikin cerebral bawo, kuma a hankali a sarrafa. A tsari ne don haka mai sarrafa kansa cewa a lokacin da nufin pathological canje-canje, ya tsaya a nan, ko kuma kau da, da mutum ya zama naƙasasshe.

CNS aiki

Domin irin wannan hadadden samuwar, a matsayin tsakiya m tsarin, halin da daidai aiki. A farko daga gare su - da wannan integrative daidaituwa. Yana nufin a hadewa aiki na daban-daban gabobin da kuma tsarin kula da haƙuri da ciki yanayi. Wadannan aiki - dangantaka tsakanin mutum da yanayi, isassun dauki ga jiki, sinadaran ko nazarin halittu samuwar kasashe. Bugu da kari, wannan ya hada da zamantakewa.

A tsakiya m tsarin da kuma tafiyar matakai na rayuwa kẽwayẽwa, su gudu, inganci da yawa. A saboda wannan dalili, akwai raba Tsarin, kamar hypothalamus da pituitary. Higher shafi tunanin mutum aiki ne kuma zai yiwu ne kawai saboda na tsakiya m tsarin. Lokacin da withering bãya daga cikin ɓawon burodi da aka lura, da ake kira "social mutuwa" a lokacin da jikin mutum har yanzu ya kasance mai yiwuwa, amma a matsayin memba na jama'a, ya daina akwai (ba zai iya yin magana, karanta, rubuta da kuma samun wasu bayanai da kuma ya mayar da ita).

Wuya su yi tunanin mutane da wasu dabbobi ba tare da CNS. Its Physiology ne hadaddun da har yanzu ba cikakken gane. Masana kimiyya suna kokarin fahimtar yadda mafi rikitarwa nazarin halittu kwamfuta na duk da cewa ya taɓa kasancewa. Amma shi kama da shi, kamar yadda "wani gungu na kwayoyin halitta aka binciko sauran kwayoyin halitta," don haka ci gaba a wannan yanki ne ba tukuna isa.