Cameos - Menene wannan? Shahara a cikin tarihin na cameos

A art na dutse sassaƙa bayyana dubban shekaru da suka wuce. Daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan kunno kai daga kere hannayensu na master, dauke cameos. Wannan samfurin ana sanya masu daraja ko Semi-duwatsu masu daraja, wanda aka sassaka convex image na ma'adinai na wani launi daban-daban, ko kuma inuwa, da farko ya bayyana a cikin 4th karni BC. e. A haifuwa daga irin wannan m kayayyakin, da yawa masana yi imani da Alexandria. Game da asalin sunan "cameo" Akwai daban-daban wuraren view. Ana iya samu daga Persian kalma chumahau, camahatus Latin ko Italian Chama.

A farkon sosai na hanyar wadannan dada abubuwa da aka yanka kawai a kan multicolored semiprecious duwatsu - yasfa da sardonyx. Duk da haka, a kan lokaci, don yin wani dadi cameos, Masters fara nasarar amfani da topazes da amethysts, emeralds, kuma aquamarines. Yawancin lokaci baya aka dauka duhu abu, to, wanda aka superimposed a kan siffar da m. Manufa dutse dace domin yi na cameos, la'akari da agate tare da lebur, Multi masu launin tsarin.

A ci gaba da dutse sassaka art

Sassaka cameos tare da juyawa tagulla ƙafafun. Abrasive foda yawa ana bauta corundum ko lu'u-lu'u ƙura. The gama nika da aka za'ayi tare da cakuda hematite foda da kuma man zaitun. Carver aiki kusan ɗimuwa. Tun da abrasive abun da ke ciki an rufe zane.

A zamanin d Masters dutse sassaƙa dabaru mallaki taimako aiki, amma amfani da su sosai da wuya. Sun kasance mafi yawa dutse cylinders (bugu da wani alkalami), ko kuma baya da gefen alfarma scarab irin ƙwaro. Yawancin wadannan ayyukan da aka yi na bayyana dutse. Duk da haka, da art ya ci gaba cikin sauri. Hotuna da shugabanni, Masar gumãka, dukan ado, kayan ado, daban-daban ado - duk alamun cameos kara Popularity daga m mazauna Alexandria.

Kamei, shi ne ma'adanin kamnerezaniya, za a iya gani a cikin kayayyakin na Masters zamanin d Roma da kuma zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Domin ayyukan art na lokaci halayyar da m subtlety na yi, sauki, austerity da kuma ladabi.

A steepest nuna tarihi ya sanya cameos a cikin 17-18 ƙarni, a cikin Renaissance lokaci. Ko da yake tsoho cameo kuma sami wasu irin misali na kyakkyawa, da Italiyanci Masters, ba kawai gudanar ya zo kusa da kamala, amma kuma ba impetus ga ci gaban dutse sassaka art a cikin wasu kasashe.

Mãkirci cameos da su m aikace-aikace

A mãkirci nuna a kan master cameo, yana da wani tasiri a kan m aikace-aikace na samfurin a hakikanin rai. Kusan dukkan al'amurran da mutum zama ana nuna a cikin duwatsu masu daraja da cameos. Domin ba da kyautai ga amarya sun fin so kayayyakin da al'amuran daga "Cupid da psyche". Mãkirci da Proserpina, sace uwarsa, shi ne mafi dace wa mutanena da suke makoki, ko fuskantar wata cũtar ta. Lauyoyi, bayin Themis, ya ba da samfurin tare da batutuwa personifying da ãdalci daga cikin allolin (misali, da azabtarwa Marcia). Hotunan yaƙi yawanci a yanka a kan cameos tsara don sojoji. Mahalli kama kayayyakin daga waɗanda sau - da adabi da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, addini da siyasa.

Duk da haka, ba za mu iya ce cewa duwatsu masu daraja da cameos aka yi nufi kawai ga ado da yardarSa. Wadannan kayayyakin da aka ma amfani da layu, wanda da tsoho mutane sawa a kusa da wuyansa matsayin abin wuya ko a kan yatsunsu a cikin nau'i na zobba. Yana da aka Popular buga, a yanka a cikin zobba, da zobba da ya sassaka duwatsu da aka yi ba da wata ãyã daga musamman ni'ima. Sau da yawa kayayyakin lapidary art aiki a matsayin hadaya ga gumakan. Jagora sau da yawa kamar yanka dutse inscriptions, ba tare da wani images. wadannan ayoyin iya gudanar da ma'anoni daban-daban daga keɓe kanka ga daya daga cikin dabarbari madadin mai shi.

Famous kayayyakin

Mafi shahara a cikin tarihin na cameos aka halitta a Alexandria Greek Masters, bayin a kotu na Ptolemies. A Masterpieces na lokaci sun hada da wani musamman "Gonzaga cameo". Shi ne ma mafi shahararren hada da irin hankali related kayayyakin kamar yadda "cameo Agusta" da "Gemma Tiberius" (mafi girma a duniya).

"Gonzaga cameo"

Da samfurin ya isasshe manyan size (15.7 x 11.8 x 3 cm). A biyu cameo siffanta Profile: Talomi kuma Arsinoe. Tun 1542 masana kimiyya gudanar ya gano tarihin cameos. Canjawa bakwai masu for shekaru 400 da kuma da dama crossings na Turai. A penultimate mai shi daga cikin fitacciyar Zhozefina Bogarne ya cameo Rasha Tsar Alexander I a godiya ga da taimaka (ya dauka kula da ta tsaro da kuma taimaka a rike wani babban arziki). A 1814, aikin lapidary art zo a Rasha da kuma aka adana a cikin hermitage Museum a St. Petersburg a yau.

"Agusta cameo"

Girma na abun da ke ciki :. 19,05 x 22,86 cm cameo kunshi biyu rajista. Na Venus lashe Laurel na Augustus (aka nuna a tsakiyar). Amma ga sauran haruffa a cikin ayyukansu, da wuraren view of masana kimiyya saba: bisa ga wasu, shi ne na allolin Roma, bisa ga wasu - da real mutanen da ke kewaye da sarkin.

"Cameo Tiberius"

A cewar Napoleon, wannan aiki ne da Faransa cameo. Uku rajista daidai labarun biyu da dozin Figures, tsakanin wanda Tiberiy daga Libya yana zaune a kan kursiyin Germanicus tare da mahaifiyarsa Antonia. A cikin manya littãfi daga cikin allolin ne wato Augustus, kewaye da matattu yan uwa. Ƙaramin baki - ci da sojoji tare da su mata ne da yara. Fiye da shekaru 2000 da ta zama, da cameo aka sau biyu da aka sace, ta sayar, bayar da. Sau uku cewa fitacciyar bar Paris da kuma mayar da su. A yanzu lokaci shi ne a cikin tarin na majalisar kyautuka fiye da kowacce.

Famous da kadan-sani, sauki da kuma karin wata mai yin kayan ado ta daidaici cameos - shi ne daskararre tarihi, a hango a cikin zamanin da duniya ta ƙarni da millennia, to fahimci yadda suka ci gaba da hadaddun al'umma.