An ilmin lissafi dabaru naúrar (Alu) - abin da yake da shi?

Kamar yadda aka sani, da kwamfuta processor kunshi hudu na asali da aka gyara: wani ilmin lissafi dabaru naúrar, shigar da bayanai / fitarwa naúrar, da kuma ajiya raka'a da kuma iko. Irin wannan gine a tsare a cikin karni na karshe, kuma, duk da cewa shi ya dauki wani dogon lokaci, da classic tsarin von Neumann ya rage dacewa.

Mene ne Alu?

Ilmin lissafi-dabaru naúrar - shi ne daya daga cikin aka gyara na da processor da ake bukata don aiwatar da dabaru da kuma ilmin lissafi-type canje, da suka fara da kuma kawo karshen na farko rikitarwa maganganu. Bit operands amfani da aka dauke su tsawon wata kalma, ko size.

Babban aiki na Alu da aka sarrafa data adana a kwamfuta ta ƙwaƙwalwar. Bugu da kari, ilmin lissafi dabaru naúrar ne iya samar da iko sakonni cewa shiryar da kwamfuta to zabi hanyar da ta dace na yin zama dole sarrafa kwamfuta tsari dangane da karshe data iri. All ayyukan unsa lantarki, kowanne daga wanda aka fasali mai zuwa kashi dubban abubuwa. Irin wannan allon yawanci bystrodeystvennye kuma da high yawa.

Dangane da sakonni cewa sun shigar, da Alu yi daban-daban na ayyukan da biyu lambobi. Duk wani ilmin lissafi dabaru kwamfuta na'urar samar ga aiwatar da hudu na asali ayyuka, canjawa da kuma ma'ana canje. Saita Alu ayyukan - shi ne ta babban halayyar.

Aka gyara daga cikin ilmin lissafi-dabaru naúrar - da hudu main kungiyoyin na nodes cewa dace da iko tsari, watsa, ajiya da kuma hira da shigowa data.

Storage nodes Alu

Wannan category hada da:

• triggers, kiyayye karin ragowa da daban-daban fasali na da sakamakon.
• rajista da suke da alhakin mutunci da operands, tsaka-tsaki da kuma karshe sakamakon.

Wani lokaci rijistar ilmin lissafi dabaru naúrar ƙila a haɗe a cikin wani kwazo memory naúrar, kuma triggers - samar da wata guda matsayi Register.

Alu watsa nodes

Wannan category hada da:

• bas interconnecting tubalan na na'ura;
• multiplexers kuma bawuloli, shi ne alhakin zabi daidai shugabanci na ayyukan.

Nodes canza Alu

Wadannan sun hada da:

• adders aiki micro-ayyuka.
• haihuwarka yi ma'ana ayyukan;
• shifters.
• correctors ga gidan goma ilmin lissafi.
• code converters, wanda ake amfani da su samun ƙarin bayanai, ko baya.
• counters domin kirgawa yawan hawan keke yi ga aiwatar da ancillary canje.

Alu iko nodes

Wannan category na abubuwa su ne:

• mai kula naúrar.
• decoder sakonni.
• tana mayar dabaru kewaye halaye da ake bukata domin samuwar firmware rassan zartar.

Action processor iko naúrar

Wannan block ne ke da alhakin samar da aikin jeruwar sakonni da ake bukata domin daidai kisan wani ba umurninSa. Yawanci, irin wannan hira ake gane da dama hawan keke.

A lura da naúrar samar atomatik kisa da shirin. Tallafa wannan fasahar zama dole, don gudanar da aikin na sauran rassan da aka gyara na da na'ura aka gyara.

Lokacin aiki iko naúrar amsa microprogramming asali manufa na ciwon yawan sarari halaye.

rarrabuwa Alu

Ilmin lissafi dabaru naúrar aiki bisa ga aiwatar da canji kasu kashi layi daya da serial. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin da Alu ne mai Hanyar gabatar da operands da kuma yadda ake gudanar.

By da yanayin amfani na ilmin lissafi-dabaru naúra da kuma raba da multifunction block. A farko irin ta Alu ya yi aiki tare da daban-daban siffofin natsuwã lambobin amfani ne guda haihuwarka wanda aka saba da aiki yanayin da nema bayanai. A block na'urorin, duk ayyukan yi via da rarraba bayanai iri. Ga yadda ake gudanar da gidan goma lambobi, alphabetic kuma Tazarar filayen, Tazarar iyo aya ko gyarawa yin amfani da daban-daban na makirci. A wannan yanayin, wani ilmin lissafi dabaru naúrar da yawa sauri saboda layi daya kisa da aka aiki. Amma su ma suna da wani drawback - da ya karu da halin kaka, don tallafa da kayan aiki.

An ilmin lissafi dabaru naúrar bisa ga Hanyar gabatarwa za a iya amfani da:

• gidan goma.
• iyo ma'ana lambobin.
• ajali-ma'ana lambobin.

na'urar ayyukan

A tsarin hada da wani yawan Alu ayyukan via da ma'ana ayyuka wanda ya kasu kashi da wadannan kungiyoyin:

• gidan goma ilmin lissafi.
• binary ilmin lissafi ga lambobin tare da bayyana ma'ana.
• hexadecimal ilmin lissafi maganganu for iyo SEPARATOR.
• gyara umurci adiresoshin.
• ma'ana aiki irin;
• hira da alphanumeric filayen.
• musamman ilmin lissafi.

Modern lantarki kwakwalwa ne iya yi duk na sama iri na aiki, da kuma microcomputers ba su da wannan asali aiki, don haka ya fi hadaddun hanyoyin yin ta haɗa kananan routines.

Ilmin lissafi da kuma ma'ana hanya

All ayyuka Alu za a iya raba da dama kungiyoyin.

Ilmin lissafi ayyukan hada da division, multiplication, subtraction kayayyaki talakawa subtraction kuma Bugu da kari.

By ma'ana rikirkida kungiyar hada da ma'ana "da" da kuma "ko", da cewa shi ne, tare da kuma disjunction, da kuma kwatanta data kan daidaito. Irin wannan hanyoyin da ake yawanci za'ayi a kan binary kalmomi kunshi wani jam'i na ragowa.

A musamman ilmin lissafi ayyukan hada da daidaita, ma'ana da kuma ilmin lissafi canjawa. Tsakanin wadannan canje ne wani gagarumin bambanci. Idan ilmin lissafi motsa a cikin wuri canza kawai Tazarar lambobi, sa'an nan da ma'ana alamar bit ne a haɗe zuwa motsi.

Kowane aiki, wanda faruwa ta yin amfani da ilmin lissafi-dabaru naúrar, za a iya kira a jerin dabaru-type ayyuka, wanda aka bayyana multibit dabaru for lantarki kwakwalwa. Alal misali, don a binary kwamfuta yana amfani da binary dabaru, da sauransu, saukar zuwa gidan goma tsarin.

Babu shakka duk da ilmin lissafi-ma'ana canje na da operands da kuma fitarwa sakamakon da aka fassara a matsayin bit kirtani tare da goma sha shida ragowa. The kawai ware ne primitives hannu division DIVS. A iri-iri na flags damar fassara da bayanai a kan fitarwa na biyu lambobin da debe ko da ambaliya. A dabaru dogara ne a kan canji na ragowa modulo ilmin lissafi. The flag da aka sanya, idan akwai lokatan m canje-canje a cikin ãyã. Alal misali, ya kara da biyu m lambobi, kana da samun sakamakon da alamar "+". Amma idan akwai wani hannu a cikin alamar bit saitin naúrar, kuma sakamakon haka ne korau, da ambaliya da tutar da aka kafa.

A dabaru dogara ne a kan hannu bit Unsigned ilmin lissafi. Wannan flag aka kafa ta hanyar tsarin, idan generated hannu daga mafi muhimmanci bit ba za a iya rubuta a sakamakon. Wannan bit Alu matukar tasiri a lokacin da amfani da canje verbose wakilci.

ƙarshe

Alu da ake amfani da su na yin ma'ana da kuma arithmetical rikirkida kan da ake buƙata operands a cikin rawar wanda sau da yawa bauta wa dokokin ko code lambobi. Bayan yin matakai sakamakon haka ne ya koma ga ajiya na'urar don amfani a cikin wadannan computations.