Aminoglycosides: kwayoyi (jerin sunan, rarrabuwa, da aikace-aikacen umarnin)

A bayyanar a kan pharmacological kasuwar na sabon maganin rigakafi tare da mai fadi da kewayon effects, kamar fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, ya kai ga cewa likitoci suka fara rubũta aminoglycosides wuya (kwayoyi). A jerin magunguna kunshe a wannan kungiya shi ne quite m da ya hada da irin sanannun kwayoyi a matsayin "penicillin", "Gentamycin", "Amikacin." Har yau, a cikin m kula da m sassan na rare kwayoyi ne daidai aminoglycoside jerin.

Taƙaitaccen bayanin da kungiyar

Aminoglycosides - kwayoyi (magani jerin tattauna a kasa), wanin wani Semi-roba, ko na halitta asali. Wannan rukuni na maganin rigakafi yana da wani m da karfi bactericidal sakamako a jiki.

Magunguna peculiar to fadi da kewayon ayyuka. Su antimicrobial aiki hurta a gram-korau kwayoyin cuta, amma an rage muhimmanci a yaki da gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin. Kuma aminoglycosides gaba daya m da anaerobes.

Wannan kungiyar da kwayoyi samar da wani kyakkyawan bactericidal sakamako da ikon mafita hana gina jiki kira a mai saukin kamuwa kwayoyin a kan ribosome matakin. Magunguna ne aiki a kan duka biyu da kiwo da kuma Kwayoyin a cikin quiescent jihar. Da har na kwayoyin aiki kuma shi nauyi ne a kan su maida hankali a cikin jini magani daga mãsu haƙuri.

aminoglycoside amfani a yau isasshen yana da iyaka. Wannan shi ne saboda da high yawan guba daga wadannan magunguna. Mafi sau da yawa wahala daga koda kwayoyi da kuma ji gabobin.

An muhimmanci alama na wadannan kayan aikin ne rashin iyawa na shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin rayayyun tantani. Saboda haka, aminoglycosides gaba daya m a yaki da kwayuka kwayoyin.

Amfani ko rashin amfani

Wadannan maganin rigakafi suna yadu amfani da aka ambata a sama, a m yi. Kuma shi ne wani daidaituwa. Doctors jaddada da yawa abũbuwan amfãni mallaki by aminoglycosides.

A kwayoyi a jiki ne daban-daban da haka tabbatacce lokacin:

• high antibacterial aiki;
• babu mai raɗaɗi dauki (ga allura gwamnati).
• rare faru na allergies.
• ikon hallaka kwayoyin waddan.
• inganta warkewa sakamako a hade tare da beta-lactam maganin rigakafi.
• high aiki a yaki da hatsari cututtuka.

Duk da haka, tare da abũbuwan amfãni aka bayyana a sama, wannan kungiya na medicaments kuma yana da disadvantages.

Sabani ne aminoglycosides:

• low aiki da kwayoyi a cikin rashi na oxygen ko a wani acidic matsakaici.
• matalauta shigar azzakari cikin farji na asali dũkiyõyinsu a cikin jiki ruwa (bile, da laka ruwa, sputum).
• bayyanar wani jam'i na gefe-effects.

rarrabuwa na magunguna

Akwai da dama sukayi fassara.

Alal misali, ba da jerin gabatarwar a cikin likita yi na aminoglycosides, su ne wadannan tsara:

1. A farko miyagun ƙwayoyi amfani magance cututtuka cututtuka sun "streptomycin", "monomitsin", "neomycin", "Kanamycin", "Paromomycin."
2. Don na biyu tsara su ne sabo-sabo aminoglycosides (kwayoyi). Drug List "Gentamicin," "Tobramycin", "sisomicin", "netilmicin".
3. Wannan kungiyar hada Semi-roba kwayoyi kamar "Amikacin", "Izepamitsin".

A da bakan mataki da kuma fitowan da juriya rarraba dan kadan daban-daban aminoglycosides.

Generation magunguna ne da wadannan:

1. Don 1 kungiyar hada da irin kwayoyi "streptomycin", "Kanamycin", "monomitsin", "neomycin". Wadannan kwayoyi sa shi yiwuwa a yaqi kashe da tarin fuka germs, da kuma wasu atypical kwayoyin. Duk da haka, da dama daga gram-korau kwayoyin da staphylococci, su ne m.

2. Na biyu-tsara aminoglycoside - wannan magani "gentamicin." An bambanta da mai girma antibacterial aiki.

3. Inganta magunguna. Suna da high antibacterial aiki. Amfani da klebisielly, enterobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ne na uku-ƙarni aminoglycosides (kwayoyi). List of kwayoyi ne kamar haka:

- "sisomicin".

- "Amikacin".

- "Tobramycin".

- "netilmicin".

4. miyagun ƙwayoyi "Izepamitsin" yana nufin na huɗu kungiyar. An bambanta da ikon more yadda ya kamata magance tsitobakterom, aeromonasom, nokardiyami.

A likita yi, ɓullo da wani rarrabuwa. Ya dogara ne a kan yin amfani da kwayoyi dangane da cutar shan magani, yanayin da kamuwa da cuta, kazalika da aikace-aikace na hanyar.

Irin wannan rarrabuwa na aminoglycosides kamar haka:

1. Kwayoyi don tsari daukan hotuna gudanar parenterally (da allura). Domin lura da suppurative kwayan cututtuka da ke faruwa a cikin tsanani tsokane ta opportunistic anaerobic kwayoyin, rubũta irin wannan magani, "Gentamycin", "Amikacin", "Netilmicin", "Tobramycin", "sisomicin". Jiyya na m monoinfections, wadda ake bisa obligate pathogens yadda ya kamata a lokacin da rajista a far "streptomycin" shirye-shirye "Gentomitsin". Lokacin da mycobacteriosis babban taimako kwayoyi "Amikacin," "streptomycin", "Kanamycin".
2. Kwayoyi da aka yi amfani da kawai ƙ ga takamaiman alamomi. Wadannan su ne: "Paromitsin", "neomycin", "monomitsin".
3. Magunguna ga Topical aikace-aikace. Suna amfani domin lura da surkin jini kwayan cututtuka a otorhinolaryngology da ophthalmology. Domin gida daukan hotuna zuwa ɓullo da kwayoyi "Gentamicin," "framycetin", "neomycin", "Tobramycin".

alamomi ga

A amfani da aminoglycosides aka kuxi ya hallaka da dama aerobic gram-korau pathogens. Medicaments iya amfani da monotherapy. Sau da yawa suna a hade tare da beta-lactams.

Aminoglycosides aka nuna domin lura da:

• nosocomial cututtuka na daban-daban sarrafawa.
• surkin jini postoperative rikitarwa.
• ciki-ciki cututtuka.
• sepsis.
• infective endocarditis .
• pyelonephritis gudana a cikin tsanani hakkinSa.
• kamuwa da konewa.
• kwayan surkin jini meningitis.
• da tarin fuka.
• m cututtuka (annoba, brucellosis, tularemia).
• kwamin na tara amosanin gabbai tsokane ta gram-korau kwayoyin.
• urinary fili cututtuka.
• ophthalmic cututtuka: blepharitis, kwayan keratitis, konyunktivitv, keratokonyunktivitv, uveitis, dacryocystitis.
• ENT cututtuka: otitis externa, rhinopharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis.
• protozoal cututtuka.

illa

Abin baƙin ciki, a lokacin da magani daga wannan rukuni na miyagun ƙwayoyi da haƙuri iya jin dukan jerin illa. Babban drawback na magunguna - shi ne mai matuƙar mai guba. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa kawai wani likita ya rubũta da haƙuri aminoglycosides.

Side effects na iya faruwa:

1. Ototoxicity. Marasa lafiya koka ji hasara, a ringing amo. Sau da yawa da suka nuna toshewa da kunnuwa. Yawancin wadannan halayen da faruwa a cikin tsofaffi, a cikin mutane da farko fama ji hanawa. Irin wannan halayen faruwa a marasa lafiya tare da dogon lokacin far ko high allurai.
2. Nephrotoxicity. A haƙuri bayyana ƙishirwa, dabam da adadin fitsari (iya duka biyu karuwa kuma yana raguwa), ta ƙara creatinine matakin a cikin jini, rage glomerular tacewa. Irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka na hali na mutanen da fama da cuta da koda aiki.
3. Neuromuscular kawancen. Wani lokaci a lokacin far hana numfasawa. A wasu lokuta akwai inna na numfashi tsokoki. Yawanci, irin halayen ne halayyar a marasa lafiya tare da neurological cututtuka ko sosai koda aiki.
4. Vestibular cuta. Sun bayyana take hakkin daidaituwa, juwa. Sau da yawa sosai, wadannan illa faruwa lokacin da "streptomycin" saduwa da miyagun ƙwayoyi ga mãsu haƙuri.
5. Neurological cuta. Iya bayyana paresthesia, encephalopathy. Wani lokacin far ne tare da wani rauni na na gani jijiya.

Aminoglycosides wuya sa rashin lafiyan halayen kamar fata kurji.

contraindications

Aka bayyana magunguna da wasu gazawar don amfani. Mafi sau da yawa contraindicated aminoglycosides (sunayen da aka ba sama) a irin wannan pathologies ko yanayi:

• mutum hypersensitivity.
• take hakkin koda excretory aiki.
• ji cuta.
• ci gaban neutropenic tsanani halayen.
• vestibular cuta.
• myasthenia gravis, botulism, Parkinsonism.
• numfashi ciki, mãyen.

Bugu da kari, ya kamata ka yi amfani da su don magani idan haƙuri yana da wani tarihi na korau dauki ga wani magani daga wannan kungiya.

Ka yi la'akari da mafi m aminoglycosides.

"Amikacin"

Da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne halin da mai pronounced bacteriostatic, bactericidal kuma anti-effects a kan jikin mutum. Ya nuna babban aiki da yawa gram-tabbatacce kuma gram-korau kwayoyin. Sabõda haka, shi yana ba da shaida da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Amikacin" umurci manual. Injections ne tasiri da magani daga staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium da tarin fuka.

A magani ba zai iya iya tunawa a cikin gastrointestinal fili. Saboda haka kawai gudanar intravenously ko intramuscularly. Cincirindo na aiki abu ne lura a cikin magani bayan 1 hr. M warkewa sakamako yana for 10-12 hours. Saboda wannan dukiya daga injections ake yi sau biyu a rana.

Lokacin da ta bada shawarar yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Amikacin" umarnin don amfani? Injections aka nuna da nadin da wadannan ailments:

• ciwon huhu, mashako, huhu ƙurji.
• cututtuka na peritoneum (peritonitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis).
• urinary fili cuta (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis).
• fata cututtuka (ulcerative raunuka, konewa, matsa lamba ulcers, kamuwa da raunuka) .
• osteomyelitis.
• meningitis, sepsis.
• Tarin fuka kamuwa da cuta.

Sau da yawa, wannan kayan aiki da aka yi amfani da rikitarwa tsokane ta tiyata.

A yarda da yin amfani da kwayoyi a cikin yara yi. Wannan hujja ne ya tabbatar wa da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Amikacin" umurci manual. Ga yara daga farko kwanaki na rayuwa, wannan magani za a iya gudanar.

Dosages aka ƙaddara kawai da likita dangane da haƙuri da shekaru da kuma nauyi na jikinsa.

Umarni ya bada wadannan shawarwari:

1. 1 kg na haƙuri nauyi (duka adult da yaro) ya fada a ranar 5 MG na da miyagun ƙwayoyi. A wannan makirci sa ta hanyar maimaita allura 8 hours.
2. Idan da 1 kg jiki nauyi, 7.5 MG na medicament da ake dauka, da tazara tsakanin injections ya 12 hours.
3. Ka lura da yadda ya bada shawarar neonatal miyagun ƙwayoyi "Amikacin" umurci manual. Ga yara, sabon haife, da sashi da aka lasafta kamar haka: 1 kg - 7.5 MG. A wannan yanayin da tazara tsakanin injections - 18 hours.
4. Duration na far iya zama kwanaki 7 (a / shigar) ko kwana 7-10 (da / th injections).

"Netilmicin"

A magani a antimicrobial sakamako kama da "amikacin". Kamar wancan akwai lokuta inda "Netilmicin" bayar high inganci a kan waɗanda micro-kwayoyin a cikin abin da sama magani kasance kõme ba.

Da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da wani gagarumin amfani a kwatanta da sauran aminoglycosides. Kamar yadda aka nuna cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi "Netilmicin" umarnin don amfani, da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da ƙananan nephrotoxicity da ototoksichnostyu. A medicament ne aka yi nufi kawai ga parenteral amfani.

"Netilmicin" umarnin don amfani da ake karfafa su gabatar da:

• tare da septicemia, bacteremia,
• domin lura da kwarewarsa, kamuwa da cuta tsokane ta gram-korau microbes.
• cututtuka na numfashi tsarin, da urogenital fili, fata, jijiyoyin, osteomyelitis.
• Neonatal staphylococcal a harka na tsanani cututtuka (sepsis ko ciwon huhu).
• a kan rauni, kuma preoperative intraperitoneal cututtuka.
• a yanayin saukan hadarin postoperative rikitarwa a m marasa lafiya.
• cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili.

Da shawarar sashi ne m kawai da wani likita. Yana iya zama daga 4 zuwa 7.5 MG. Dangane da sashi, da mãsu haƙuri kuma ya ko ta shekaru a lokacin da rana ta bada shawarar 1-2 allura.

"Penicillin"

Wannan magani ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a cikin rukuni na maganin rigakafi. Yana yana aiki da wani salo da kwayoyin.

M to "penicillin":

• streptococci.
• gonococci.
• meningococcus.
• pneumococci.
• diphtheria, Anthrax, tetanus, gas gangrene.
• wasu damuwa staphylococcus, Proteus.

Physicians sun lura da mafi inganci tasiri a jiki da intramuscular labari. A cikin irin wannan injections cikin 30-60 minti iyakar lura jini miyagun ƙwayoyi maida hankali "penicillin".

Aminoglycosides penicillin nada a cikin wadannan lokuta:

1. High bukatar data magunguna da magani daga sepsis. Su suna shawarar domin lura da gonococcal, meningococcal, pneumococcal cututtuka.
2. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi "penicillin" da aka sanya wa marasa lafiya jurewa m hanyoyin domin hana rikitarwa.
3. Kayan aiki taimaka yãƙi surkin jini meningitis, kwakwalwa ƙurji, kabba da ciwon sanyi, sycosis, syphilis. An shawarar for tsanani konewa kuma a raunuka.
4. Far "penicillin" miyagun ƙwayoyi wajabta wa marasa lafiya fama da kumburi da kunne, ido.
5. Amfani da magani domin lura da mai da hankali da kuma lobar ciwon huhu, cholangitis, cholecystitis, kwamin na tara endocarditis.
6. Mutane fama da rheumatism, da magani wajabta domin lura da kuma rigakafin.
7. A magani da ake amfani da jarirai, da jarirai, wanda kamu da wani cibiyarki sepsis, ko kwamin na tara pyosepticemia mai guba cuta.
8. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi a hada da magani daga wadannan ailments: otitis, da mulufi zazzabi, diphtheria, surkin jini pleuritis.

By intramuscular gwamnati na wani medicament aiki sashi ne hanzari tunawa a cikin jini. Amma bayan 3-4 hours da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jiki yanzu ba a lura. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, don tabbatar da zama dole maida hankali, shi ne shawarar su maimaita injections kowane 3-4 hours.

Drug "Gentamicin"

An samar a cikin nau'i na man ƙanshi, mafita ga allura, da Allunan. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da wani bactericidal Properties. Yana bayar da wani yankunan da sakamako a kan da yawa gram-korau kwayoyin cuta, Proteus, Campylobacter, Escherichia, staphylococcus, Salmonella, Klebsiella.

Shiri "Gentamycin" (Allunan ko bayani) shigar jiki ta halakar da cututtuka jamiái a kan wani salon salula matakin. Kamar kowane aminoglycoside, shi na samar da take hakkin gina jiki kira pathogens. A sakamakon wannan kwayoyin rasa ikon kara haifa kuma ba a rarraba a ko'ina cikin jiki.

Maganin rigakafi domin dauke da kwayar cutar cututtuka da shafi daban-daban da kuma tsarin gabobin:

• meningitis.
• peritonitis.
• prostatitis.
• kabba da ciwon sanyi.
• osteomyelitis.
• cystitis.
• pyelonephritis.
• endometritis.
• empyema.
• mashako, ciwon huhu.

Drug "Gentamicin" isasshen bukatar a magani. Yana da damar marasa lafiya a warkar daga m cututtuka na numfashi da kuma urinary yankuna. Wannan kayan aiki ne da shawarar a cututtuka matakai, rufe da peritoneum, kashi, da taushi nama ko a fata.

Aminoglycosides ba nufi ga kai-far. Kada ka manta, zabi da ake so kwayoyin iya kawai m likita. Saboda haka, ba kai-medicate. Amince da kiwon lafiya masu sana'a!