A Sanadin mashako. Iri mashako, Alamun da jiyya a Manya

Kamar yadda wani yaro, mu sau da yawa iyaye ce, kada ka sha sanyi - sanyi, kada ka yi tafiya mes iyakoki - aikatãwa wani kumburi daga cikin huhu, ba rigar feet - ciwon makogwaro. Amma mu ba su yi biyayya da rashin lafiya. Ko daga taurin, ko saboda bincike sha'awa aka jarrabi ga ƙarfi daga jikinka. Saboda haka, bayan duk abin da yake faruwa mashako da kuma abin da yake da shi?

m mashako

Mashako - wani mai kumburi cuta daga cikin ƙananan numfashi fili, tare da bayyanar cututtuka da suke fi na kowa ga mutanen da ke kewaye da duniya tafi zuwa asibiti. A Sanadin mashako za a iya bambanta: ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka ko protozoa.

A daidai wannan lokaci da shan kashi na huhu nama ba ya faruwa, da kuma kumburi da aka sarrafa musamman a cikin Bronchial itace.

Bambanta da wadannan iri mashako :

- m lokacin da kara girma na Bronchial secretions da kuma bayyana tari reflex.
- kullum, a lokacin da canji a cikin mucous membrane auku a salon salula matakin, wadda take kaiwa zuwa hypersecretion da illa iska.

etiology

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da haddasawa mashako iya zama sosai daban-daban. Kwayan bakan da mafi m pathogens ne streptococci, wato Mycoplasma, chlamydia, anaerobic Flora. A kwayar etiology da aka gabatar mura, parainfluenza da rhinovirus.

A kadan ƙasa da na kowa mashako lalacewa ta hanyar wani sinadaran ko mai guba sakamako a jiki. Amma a wannan yanayin da makawa dangane da wani sakandare kamuwa da cuta. Bisa ga International Nau'in Cututtuka Goma Revision, ware m mashako saboda kafa pathogens da proximate m mashako.

Tsawon lokacin da cutar suke da daraja:
- m (har zuwa makonni uku).
- shafe tsawon duration (a kan wani watan).

M mashako iya gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu biyu daga Bronchial spasm, kuma ba tare da shi. Sarrafawa iya bambance tracheobronchitis, kumburi canje-canje a lokacin da mayar da hankali a cikin sama ɓangare na Bronchial itãciya, kuma bronchiolitis (pathological aiwatar rinjayar da kananan bronchioles da Alveoli). By yanayin surkin jini exudate bambanci, necrotizing mashako da catarrh.

pathophysiology

Ta yaya za a iya ci gaba mashako? Alamun da magani kai tsaye a manya dogara ne a kan inji na cuta, kamar yadda far da nufin musamman a links na pathological tsari.

Etiological dalilai ko ta yaya lalata Bronchial mucosa Kwayoyin kuma sa mutuwarsu. Wadannan "ramuka" a cikin kariya haifar da yanayi na shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin pathogen. Idan farko epithelium karkashin mulkin mallakar cutar, sa'an nan bayan kwana biyu ko uku su shiga gare shi, kuma wasu irin kwayoyin cuta, yawanci Streptococcus pneumoniae.

A kumburi nama halayen (busa, redness, ta ƙara gida zafin jiki da kuma tabarbarewa) haddasa rushewa daga jini ya kwarara a cikin capillary gado, matsawa na jijiya endings da jini clots.

Idan m muhimmancin aiwatar da magani aiki a kan lokaci, bayan da bacewar kumburi da mucous membrane a mayar a cikin 'yan watanni. Amma karamin yawan marasa lafiya ba. Sa'an nan da cutar zama na kullum. Idan canje-canje ya shafa kawai mucosa, shi ne ba da yawa tasiri a kan rayuwar mutum. Amma da shan kashi na duk yadudduka na bronchus zai iya sa zub da jini a cikin huhu nama, da kuma jini batawa da sputum.

asibitin

A Sanadin obstructive mashako, kamar kwayoyin, ko ƙwayoyin cuta da cewa sa da halayyar asibiti manifestations. A prodromal mataki ne alama karuwa a jiki zafin jiki zuwa febrile lambobi, wani rauni, drowsiness, asarar ci, ciwon kai, sweating, zuciya palpitations.

Marasa lafiya bayyana su majiyai kamar yadda soreness ko scratchy makogwaro da kuma kirji, wanda ake Littafi da inhalation na sanyi iska. Bugu da kari, suna damuwa game da bushe Hacking tari cewa ba ya kawo taimako. Bayan kwana biyu ko uku, marasa lafiya da m gamsai daga gamsai ko mugunya. A tari iya a tare da zafi a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na kirji. Wannan shi ne saboda da karuwa daga cikin pectoral tsokoki.

A lokacin da janar binciken kusantar da hankalin da ya wuce kima danshi na fata, redness a kan ta baya cyanosis na lebe. Tsokoki da kowane numfashin kõma a cikin intercostal sarari, da karin numfashi tsokoki amfani.

A kan talakawan uncomplicated mashako yana for game da makonni biyu da kuma ƙare a cikakken maida.

bincikowa da

Sa mashako saukin gano idan cikin hikima amfani bincike kayayyakin aiki. Bayan wani gani dubawa wajibi ne a gudanar da bincike jiki hanyoyin kamar palpation, feat. Irfan kuma auscultation. Feeling kuma feat. Irfan a cikin wannan hali ba ya nuna wani abu sabon abu, amma a nan kasar stethoscope iya ji da wuya numfashi, tare da warwatse wheezing. Lokacin da akwai phlegm, wheezing zama rigar krupnopuzyrchatymi.

A general, bincike na jini leukocyte count zai kara da kuma karuwa lura erythrocyte sedimentation kudi (ESR). A cikin bincike na fitsari, kamar yadda mai mulkin, babu wani canji, amma a tsawo na zazzabi iya haifar da gina jiki. Biochemical bincike na jini damar ganin bayyanar C-amsawa da furotin da kuma karuwa a alpha-sulusi da murabba'i sunadaran. A sputum ne fibrin, leukocytes, desquamated epithelium na bronchi da kuma ja da maikacin jini. Bugu da kari, dakin gwaje-gwaje yi amfanin gona abinda ke ciki na bronchi a gaban kwayoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta.

A cikin radiograph ba zai zama na musamman canje-canje, sai dai cewa kawai ya karu na huhu juna. Dauke da spirogram zai tantance gaban da kuma digiri na shãmakacẽwa.

magani

A Sanadin mashako da kuma haifar da zabin da magani dabarun a kowane hali. Dangane da tsananin daga cikin pathological tsari, m mashako za a iya bi a matsayin outpatient da inpatient hour kula da likitoci.

Far kamata hada da antiviral ko antibacterial bangaren, kazalika da kwayoyi da bunkasa bronchi. Bugu da kari, wajibi ne a kawar da abubuwan da za su bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban da kamuwa da cuta. A hanya na lura ake bukata su ratsa, ba tare da la'akari da ko cuta cututtuka nace.

A halin yanzu, likitoci ne rayayye hada physiotherapy magani, tausa, dakin motsa jiki. Wannan taimaka wajen mafi fitarwa na Bronchial secretions, kuma ma ba ka damar canza hanya na gwamnati a cikin jiki.

kullum mashako

Babban dalilin da mashako - shi ne lalacewar da mucosal epithelium na ƙananan numfashi fili. Talk game da kullum mashako iya zama hudu makonni daga farko na cutar yayin da rike asibiti da kuma pathological canje-canje a cikin huhu.

Wannan yanayin ne halin da yaxuwa rauni Bronchial bango, wanda ake dangantawa da shafe tsawon kumburi tsari manyan zuwa nama sclerosis. Secretory bronchi na'urar shigarsu dama canje-canje da kuma gyara ga ya karu samar da gamsai.

rarrabuwa

Akwai da dama na asibiti sukayi fassara na kullum mashako. Akwai da wadannan asibiti siffofin da cutar:
- Easy (ko catarrhal).
- surkin jini obstructive.
- mai sauki form a take hakkin samun iska.
- surkin jini obstructive.
- musamman, misali, fibrous ko hemorrhagic.

By matakin hallaka mashako rabo daga manyan da kananan Airways. La'akari da kasancewar asthmatic alama kuma ta mai tsanani. By da yanayin da ya kwarara, kazalika da sauran kumburi cututtuka, mashako ake latent tare da riqo na wuccin exacerbations, kuma shi ne kullum maimaita.

Matsalolin bayan fama da kullum mashako - shi ne:
- emphysema.
- coughing sama da jini;
- samuwar numfashi gazawar;
- kullum na huhu zuciya.

dalilai

Kullum, yawanci wadda ta gabãta daga cikin m mashako. A Sanadin wannan tsari ne domin mayar da hankali a cikin jiki da kuma waje da shi. Abu na farko da la'akari da shiri na rigakafi da tsarin. Idan ma da karfi ko ta yi rauni, shi zai iya sa shafe tsawon kumburi da kuma nama lalacewa. Bugu da kari, rage rigakafi za su jawo hankalin sabon mazauna na kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka da cutar zai zamanto kuma da sake.

Bugu da kari, na tsawon lokaci, a tsawon shekaru, hangula daga cikin Bronchial shambura ne ma bushe da sanyi iska, taba, ƙura, carbon monoxide da sauran sinadarai ci karo da a wasu masana'antu iya adversely shafi cikin shakka daga cikin cutar.

Akwai shaida da cewa wasu kwayoyin cututtuka iya taimakawa wajen dagewa kumburi a cikin huhu.

pathogenesis

A Sanadin mashako aka kai tsaye alaka da samuwar inji na cuta. Da farko rage tabo bronchopulmonary kariya, wato: da ciliated epithelium na villi slowing, rage adadin surfactant, lysozyme, interferon da immunoglobulin A, daban-daban kungiyoyin na T Kwayoyin da alveolar macrophages.

Abu na biyu, a cikin bronchi tasowa pathogenic triad:
- hyperfunction Bronchial mucous gland (giperkriniya).
- karuwa a danko sputum (dyscrinia).
- stagnation na secretions a cikin bronchi (mukostaz).

Kuma uku, da ci gaban da wayar da causative wakili, da kuma gicciye-dauki da jiki ta mallaka Kwayoyin. Wadannan maki uku damar adana kumburi ga fiye da hudu makonni.

cututtuka

Cutar da ake bayyana karfi tari da sputum to ɗari da hamsin milliliters da rana, yawanci a cikin safe. A lokacin da m mai kumburi halayen iya zama yakan daga zazzabi, sweating, wani rauni.

Tare da ci gaban na numfashi da kuma cardiac insufficiency tasowa thickening phalanges ( "drumsticks"), da kuma thickening da ƙusa farantin ( "hour gilashin"). Pain mashako faru ne kawai idan kumburi tsari da hannu cikin pleura ko a lokacin tsawo tari ma ƙunci goyon bayan musculature.

Lab gwaje-gwaje

A ganewar asali "mashako" da aka kafa a kan tushen da dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma instrumental karatu. A general, bincike na jini yana lura da karuwa leukocyte shift leukocyte bar, ta ƙara erythrocyte sedimentation kudi. Biochemically kara yawan sialic acid a cikin jini, seromucoid, alpha- da gamma-globulin, akwai C-amsawa gina jiki. Mucous sputum ko surkin jini, iya sofane tare da jini. Ya ƙunshi fata Kwayoyin, ja jini Kwayoyin da neutrophils.

Domin morphological tabbatar da ganewar asali da za'ayi bronchoscopy. A radiographs kyan gani, ƙara na huhu, abin kõyi, kuma ta raga nakasawa, da kuma ãyõyinSa da na huhu emphysema. Spirography taimaka Orient likita game da kasancewar ko babu alamun Bronchial shãmakacẽwa.

magani

Abin da ya dauki bayan wani bincike da na "na kullum mashako"? Alamun da jiyya a Manya ne ba yawa daban-daban daga cewa a cikin m form. Yawancin lokaci, likita ya furta wasu miyagun ƙwayoyi haduwa a fãtan su tasiri da causative wakili na mai kumburi amsa. Idan da kasa, to, shi ne zama dole don daidaita haƙuri da yanayin. A saboda wannan dalili, da wadannan kungiyoyin na kayayyakin:
- maganin rigakafi.
- expectorants.
- bronchodilators.
- antihistamines.
- inhalations da physiotherapy.