A Kara Sea: matsalolin muhalli da su mafita. gwani, ra'ayin da aka

Wanke arewacin bakin Rasha Kara Sea a kan taswira aka located tsakanin Severnaya Zemlya tarin tsiburai da tsibirin na Franz Josef Land da kuma Novaya Zemlya. Yana da matukar sanyi, sama daskarewa zafin jiki na ruwa yakan kawai inda shi daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin babban Siberian koguna. Kusan duk shekara an rufe tare da m kankara. Kara Sea zurfin ne kananan - kullum daga talatin da daya da ɗari mita, akwai wurare da dama inda matsakaicin ne da ɗari shida mita zuwa kasa. Its yanki - 880 murabba'in kilomita. Resources a cikin Kara Sea ne babban.

tsibiran

Wide bude ga pool yankin na Arctic teku, mafi yawansu ya Kara Sea ta'allaka ne a kan nahiyar shiryayye, haka halayyar da yawa tsibiran ga shi, wanda aka located tare da bakin tekun. Wannan shi ne wani m teku, babban yankin. A ƙirin yana indented da bays na Kara Sea, a cikin abin da ya kwarara daga cikin kogin, kawo shi har zuwa dubu murabba'in kilomita na sabo ruwa a kowace shekara. Baya daga cikin saba Saffron cod da kuma Pacific saury, da yawa m kifi a nan: saba fari kifi, whitefish, cisco.

Islands na Kara Sea, a mafi kananan, kuma mafi girma da lambar - Asiya gaba. The most daga gare su - Shokalski, White, Dixon, Vilkitsky, Rasha. Kuma babbar archipelagos - aikace-aikace na CEC, da Arctic Institute, Sergei Kirov. A arewa na tsibiran teku kadan, kuma su ne kananan: Wiese, Ushakov, Schmidt. Kara Sea a kan taswira shi ne mai sauki samu shi domin shi ne dake tsakanin tsibirin.

gaci

Akwai kusan kullum hadari. Saboda haka, da bakinta da Kara Sea ne don haka tortuous cewa ga alama mai karko. Musamman wannan ne daban-daban gabas Coast na Novaya Zemlya - gaba ɗaya fjords. Kuma da babban yankin ne ma kamar cije ni - babbar chunks na shi ne a karkashin ruwa da kuma Likitan mata Baidaratskaya lebe, fiili da Yamal Larabawa. Bugu da ari, manyan bays - Yenisei, Pyasinsky, Gyda. Duk da bakin tekun na Novaya Zemlya - tare da duwãtsu, kuma cliffs, morphological hali na bakin tekun dabam daga abrasion da kuma jari na kankara da kuma ɓangaren duniya m, lebur da kuma low-maƙaryaciya, cliffs a bakin tekun ne kawai a wasu wuraren.

sauyin yanayi

Waha dake a cikin Kara Sea a cikin Arctic, ta high latitudes, tsakanin shi da kuma Arctic tasa ne sosai dangantaka ta kusa, don haka sauyin yanayi shi ne matsananci, kamar yadda ya kamata domin iyakacin duniya da kuma Marine. Nestled tsakanin tekuna na New Duniya ba bari dumi iska a cikin Kara da igiyoyin na Atlantic, don haka ko da kwance kusa da Barents Sea ne sosai warmer. Kara Sea zafin jiki ne ko da yaushe kusa da daskarewa, inda a cikin wani daga cikin rani watanni iya tafi snow.

A kaka da kuma hunturu da shi ne a nan cewa kafa Siberian anticyclone, arewa iska rinjaya, kuma sau da yawa m. New Duniya ne kusan kullum a karkashin mahaukaciyar guguwa - abin da ake kira Novaya Zemlya boron, kowane zaunanniya daga sa'o'i da dama zuwa kwanaki da dama. A Kara Sea Siberian kõguna kawo rabin dukan ruwa mai gudãna a cikin Arctic. Yenisei, Likitan mata, Pyasina, Taz da Pur, da yawa karami koguna, shafi na gwargwado na Kara Sea, da kuma a kan ta zafin jiki da kuma sauran hydrological halaye.

A tsarin da marine ruwa

Tẽku ruwa da aka raba horizontally cikin iri uku. Marinjãya ruwa - Arctic surface cewa an shagaltar da ta most yankin, ya dogara a kan abin da a wannan lokaci da zurfin da Kara Sea da kuma yadda yawa sabo ruwa kawo wa kogi. Inda m - har zuwa biyu da ɗari mita, kusan unsalted ruwa iya cika kusan zuwa kasa daga cikin teku. Yawa shi ne low saboda gaskiyar cewa, gwargwado na Kara Sea da dama saboda da manyan inflow na sabo ruwa da kuma dabam daga game da biyar bisa dari na Gulf of Likitan mata zuwa talatin da biyar bisa dari a arewacin yankunan. Kadan gishiri - sauri daskarewa. A zurfi - da ruwa ne saltier.

Nau'i na biyu na Kara ruwa - bakinka sashe, wanda shi ne gauraye da pickled da sanyi igiyoyin Arctic tekuna surface. Samu ruwa na high zafin jiki da kuma low yawa saboda da rashin gishiri, wanda Forms da babba Layer a cikin denser saltwater. Shin sa'an nan zurfin tsaye kwarara hankali gauraye yadudduka, amma har yanzu ya kasance babba warmer da kuma kasa m. Ya kamata a lura da cewa halaye na Kara Sea, a cikin wannan girmamawa, da shekara-on-shekara canje-canje. Ruwan zafin jiki a watan Yuli a kusa da kudancin bakin tekun iya isa uku darajõji, kuma arewa a ƙarƙashin kankara a kusa da misãlin a kowane lokaci na shekara - debe rabin wani mataki.

A kasa na Kara Sea

kasa topography gwada ko da zafin kawai a yankunan tsakiya, yafi da Kara teku zurfin dabam yadu. A kudu da kuma a gabashin kasar, kusa da babban yankin, - da yawa ramukan da kuma dauke da kasa a daban-daban Heights. Arewa na babban yankin stretch gangara na tsakiyar ƙasar tudu Kara, wanda raba biyu kududdufai: yammacin - St. Anne da kuma gabas - trough Voronin. A nan, ya fi warai. Kuma wani ciki (biyar da ɗari mita) ne dake kusa da New Duniya - Novozemelnaya.

igiyoyin

Tun da yawa daga ruwa ne sosai daban-daban da kuma a cikin zurfin shi ke tsiro a leaps da haddi, tsakanin yadudduka akwai igiyoyin cewa suna kokarin cimma uniformity. M hadari kuma taimaka a cikin wannan tsari: a tsakiyar teku da kuma yamma da yadudduka aka haxa da kwance a cikin goma zuwa goma sha biyar mita, amma a cikin kududdufi ruwa, tsakanin mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Likitan mata da Yenisei, saboda desalination yadudduka na weakly hada kai - kawai biyar mita. A Kara Sea ne mai arziki a cikin shakka daga abin da ta wuce shi, amma mafi ban sha'awa ne waɗanda aka kulle a cikin da'irar kawai domin wannan yanki na teku.

Ciki yanzu fairly barga, sun dogara ne da farko a kan wurare dabam dabam na kasashen tekuna da kuma Arctic tasa. Kuma, ba shakka, gudana daga manyan koguna goyi bayan wannan juriya. Kara Sea rufe gaba daya a cikin wani zobe. A wajen yamma, da ruwa daga Barents Sea tafi zuwa Yamal ta hanyar kudancin straits na Novaya Zemlya, shi tsince sashen kogin daga Likitan mata-Yenisei kwarara da kuma matsawa arewa, to, wannan taro na ruwa rassan, wasu koma zuwa kudu, baya ga New Duniya, ya wuce Kara Gate, Yanã shigar da farko a kan Barents teku, da kuma - a zagaye na gaba.

kankara cover

A kaka da kuma hunturu da Kara Sea rufe gaba daya da kankara, da kuma a lokacin rani da aka saki kawai karamin sashi. A watan Satumba, kankara samuwar fara a arewa, da kuma daga Oktoba riga da kudu aka rufe da kankara. Daga Oktoba zuwa May, kusan duk teku - daya kankara mulkin. Ice bambancin da tunani, da kuma ta zamani. A bankunan na wajibi azumi kankara. A arewa maso gabashin - a ci gaba da tsiri na azumi kankara, a kan tsibirin White zuwa Nordenskiöld tarin tsiburai da Severnaya Zemlya.

A kudu maso yammacin babban yankunan azumi kankara ba kai. Bugu da ari kudu har yanzu da yake da tsarki kankara zone ko matasa kankara. Wannan kasuwanci cibiyar Yamal da kuma Amderminsk polynya, teku, da kuma a cikin cibiyar - da Likitan mata da Yenisei a polynya. Wannan ba ya nufin cewa akwai wani kankara a nan. Ya drifts. Matsakaicin kauri daga game da mita biyu - na bakin ciki, sosai matasa. Novaya Zemlya massif kankara ya narke a lokacin rani a kan tabo. Kuma a arewacin yankunan teku kankara mai ƙarfi ne. Ya ke ko da yaushe akwai.

Arctic shiryayye

Yanzu a duk tekuna m ga Arctic Ocean, akwai karfi canje-canje na kankara murfin. Babu togiya da Kara Sea. Rasha yana da fiye da saba'in cikin dari na Arctic shiryayye, wanda ya kamata a bincika. Shin sosai tartsatsi ritaya daga cikin kankara baki daga Coast a lokacin rani. A babbar sararin ruwa, wanda har yanzu kebe. Canjin yanayi, Warming yana zuwa, kuma da shi canza da kuma ayyukan mutane a cikin Arctic. Kara Sea ne ma halayyar ba m, da rashin alheri.

bincike

Da farko, a nan da giant hydrocarbon adibas - Leningrad, ya kuma Rusanovskoe - a kan shiryayye daga cikin tsakiyar da kuma yammacinta teku. Saboda haka, nan da nan za a bututun, jihar Kano da kuma motocin dakon. Arctic yanayin kasa - shi ke nan ba tsakiyar latitudes, inda sakamakon wani hatsarori an cire, ko da yake shi ne wuya. A nan shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu.

A farkon da filin ci gaba da tsare-tsaren, a shekaru goma, amma lokaci iya muhimmanci kusa. Rosneft ya riga ya yi wata sanarwa cewa shirya aikin a kan rami zai ci gaba da ba da taimakon da Amurka kamfanin ExxonMobil, wanda kwangila ga hadin gwiwa na kungiyar na adibas aka yi kafin takunkumi. Za a bincika ciki har da Kara Sea.

matsalolin muhalli

Shan wata babbar ruwa tare dake kwarara yankin, da teku ne ƙazantar dukan abin da aka kafa a cikin sararin ƙasa na masana'antu Siberia. Saboda haka, duk yanayin matsaloli, duk masana'antu hatsarori da kuma ko da fama, wucewa ta cikin waterways, ana ajiye a cikin Arctic. Kuma sama da dukan, shi da dama a cikin Kara Sea. Matsalolin muhalli an fara. Samu da nauyi karafa daga ruwan Likitan mata da Yenisei tsiro tare da kowane wucewa shekara.

Petroleum kayayyakin

A Arewa Sea Route da ta yau da kullum Cunkoso na jiragen ruwa musamman bad sakamako a kan yanayi. Petroleum gurbata dukan sararin yanki na motsi. Amma da Fauna da Flora, wanda yana cikin Kara Sea, da muhalli matsaloli iya kashe. Ko da yake ga ~ ar teku dauke moderately ƙazantar (auna kullum gudanar kauyuka kusa Amderma da Dixon), amma a babban yankin ba bisa ga Maritime masana'antu, riga gurbata barga. Kuma wanda ya san abin da mafi detrimental sakamako a kan Kara Sea. Matsalolin muhalli an warware tukuna talauci.

Yenisei-uba

A taro na nauyi karafa a cikin bãkunansu na Likitan mata da Yenissei ƙaruwa biyu quantitatively da qualitatively. Copper, tutiya, manganese, gubar, da kuza, da baƙin ƙarfe - wannan ba dukan jerin abubuwan da cewa samun a cikin Kara Sea. Matsalolin muhalli da kuma kawo karfe samarwa a Norilsk, a nan gudana mai cutar aerosol ruwa kayan.

Kusa da wannan birni, da dukan koguna da tabkuna masu najasa ne sosai, ko da ɓarna,, amma suna gudãna daga nan zuwa Yenisei Gulf, babban kogin kulawa sosai tsarkake ko ta yaya hanyar mu'ujiza.

radioactive

The sama ne ba a manyan bala'i, wanda yake shan wahala da Kara Sea. Matsalolin muhalli da gaske ya fara da rediyoaktif samu. Tun da sittin daga cikin karni na ashirin da aka za'ayi yawa kusa-surface, iska, karkashin ruwa, kuma a karkashin kasa nukiliya fashe a Novaya Zemlya. A sakamakon kawai wani m yanayi a kan goma sha uku da miliyan curies Cesium-137. Yaya shi shafi albarkatun na Kara Sea - za ka iya tunanin.

A game da wannan lokaci guda a duk arewacin tekuna a can aka zuba daga dukan nau'i na rediyoaktif tõzarta. Gabas shiryayye a New Duniya - babban wuri don wannan dalili: to saba'in bisa dari na duka radioactive flooded nan daga goma sha biyu zuwa hudu ɗari mita zurfin. Special hadari - sosai reactors na nukiliya submarines tare da ciyar da makaman nukiliya man fetur.

Ga ta'allaka da icebreaker "Lenin" da kuma goma sha dubu kwantena tare da m kaya. Ko da yake yau da kullum da iko ma'aunai da kuma ba nuna wuce haddi na matakin radioactivity a duk bays na Kara Sea, amma yiwuwar suka kawo mutuwa a dukan abubuwa masu rai a babban nisa daga wurin jana'iza.

kankara garma

Da dama da suka gabata a cikin Kara Sea wofintar biyu iko da kungiyoyi da Tarayyar Soviet: farar hula da kuma na sojan ruwa nukiliya jiragen ruwa. Akwai ba kawai kwantena binne shi, amma kuma sifantu ta fuska uku cewa ba za a iya sake yin fa'ida. Duk wannan ya ta'allaka ne tare da bakin wahalhalu na New Duniya. Duk abin da aka aza dogara kamar yadda zai yiwu. Babu sabawa daga baya radiation a tsibirin da aka samu a kusa da shi. Duk da haka, mutumin da ya taɓa iya doke da abubuwa.

Mutane da yawa burials aka sanya a cikin kududdufi ruwa, kuma akwai daga lokaci zuwa lokaci faru kankara exaration - vypahivanie, watau daga halakar da kankara kankara a kan gado na gleiser. Ta hanyar gouging gleiser samun 'yanci da ya fara motsa. Tare da kayayyakin halaka. Yadda yake aiki: kafa ba ma lokacin farin ciki kankara daga iskar tsakuwa a karya, sai ya tsaya kafa babbar hummocks - m filayen irin wannan babbar hakora.

Sa'an nan da hadari calms ƙasa a takaicce kuma da tabbaci hummocks daskare tare a babbar talakawa da kankara, kama da m size da garma. Kuma da hadari sake. Kuma ci gaba sake. Tsaye lumps ne ze tashi da kuma yankan kasa a cikin kududdufi ruwa zuwa zurfin goma sha biyar mita. Kuma ga bututun da suke da zurfi fiye da goma zuwa goma sha biyu mita ba nutsa, shi ne mai hadarin gaske. Amma idan akwai haka nome kwantena da radioactive - shi ne ma fi tsoratarwa.