Yellowstone Park. Yellowstone National Park

Kimanin shekaru 640,000 da suka wuce, lokacin da Amurka ta Arewa ta "tafiya" daga tarin tsaunuka da girgizar asa, wani dutse mai girma da kusan kilomita 2,000 ya bayyana kusa da Dutsen Rocky. Yawancin lokaci, ya zama tudun, inda mutane da yawa suna tayarwa a yau, fumaroles, geysers, ruwaye da ruwaye da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa masu zafi suna tasowa daga ƙasa. Don haka ya bayyana Yellowstone Park, wanda aka gabatar da wannan hoton a wannan labarin.

A bit of history

Akwai labari cewa shekaru 200 da suka wuce mafarauci ya motsa don neman ganima ta wurin Dutsen Rocky kuma ya zo wurin tudun Yellowstone. Yanzu dai ya fahimci labarun Indiyawa game da "ƙasar shan taba da ruwa", amma yanzu ya gaskata da su. Hoton da aka bude masa ya nuna tsoro a cikin shi. An cika shi da gwangwadon bishiyoyi, duniyoyin da ke cikin duhu, da gandun daji wadanda suka hada da ruwa mai tsawa a cikin tuddai na dutsen tsaunuka, da magungunan tururuwan tururuwa suna fitowa daga halittu. Sama da wannan duniya ta duniya akwai wari na qwai maras kyau - wani "ƙanshi" na hydrogen sulfide. A nan gaba, labarin St. John game da wannan ban mamaki da ban mamaki a cikin yankunan da suke kewaye da shi ya ba da izgili da rashin amincewa. Za a iya samun irin wannan abu a cikin duniya da Allah ya halitta? Kuma idan zai iya, to, ina ne Yellowstone Park yake?

Bayan shekaru 50 kawai rahotanni na ƙididdigar kimiyya zasu iya tabbatar da labarun wannan shaidar shaida. Bayan haka, da yankin tare da bambance bambancen shimfidar, located a ƙasashe na uku jihohi: Montana, Idaho da kuma Wyoming, majalisar dokokin Amurka a 1872 aka kafa ta farko a duniya da National Park, wanda aka mai suna Yellowstone National Park, wanda ke nufin "rawaya dutse ". Saboda haka, a Amurka, ci gaba da bin ka'idojin muhalli ya fara, da kuma adana ƙasa tare da yanayin da ba ta da kyau. A yau, kowa ba zai iya samun Yellowstone Park a kan taswirar ba, har ma ya ziyarci can. A shekara ta 1976, an ba wannan wuri matsayin ajiyar wuraren da ake amfani da su. Shekaru biyu bayan haka an ƙara shi da jerin sunayen UNESCO.

Bayani

Yankin Yellowstone National Park, wanda yake da siffar square, yana jagoranci hanyoyi guda biyar, kuma zaka iya samun nan daga ko'ina.

A arewacin akwai kyawawan gorges, tare da Madison da Yellowstone koguna suna gudana a kasa, da kuma daruruwan ruwa a cikin canyons. Mafi yawancin su shine Lowerfallfall, wanda girmansa kamar 94 m! A daidai wannan wuri kuma suna da maɓallin wuta na Mammoth.

Kira

A wannan lokaci nau'in yana da wadata a ƙididdiga. Domin dubban shekaru a cikin ruwan zafi na marmaro mai yayyafa, gurasar ta rushe. Saboda haka, lu'ulu'u ne masu kyalkyali, an gina wuraren tuddai masu kyau, wanda aka gina su da tsaunuka masu tsalle-tsalle tare da tarwatattun wurare irin na stalactite. Ga alama cewa adadi mai banƙyama ya kamata a yi launi mai launi, amma yawancin su ana fentin su a cikin dukkan inuwar bakan gizo. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin tsarki na microorganisms da ƙananan da ke zaune a cikin maɓallin Mammos. Launiyarsu ya dogara ne akan yawan zafin jiki a ruwa, saboda haka, wasu fentuna suna fentin a cikin zane-zane mai launin zane-zane, sa'annan kuma hasken yana da haske da launin rawaya da ƙananan furanni.

A gefen arewa maso gabashin wurin shakatawa za ka iya samun gandun daji mafi girma a duniya. Wannan ya faru ne a yayin da aka rabu da shi, wanda ya faru sau daya lokaci da yawa, ash ya rufe bishiyoyi, bayan haka suka zama maƙara, juya zuwa gumaka.

West Yellowstone

Bugu da ƙari, Yellowstone Park yana da masaniya ga yankin West Yellowstone, wadda take a ƙofar yammacin wannan tashar. Daga nan za ku iya zuwa ga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai mahimmanci, wanda zamu yi magana akan kasa.

Grand Canyon

Idan muna buƙatar taswirar gefen Arewacin Amirka, to, a gabashin gabashin gabashin gabashin Yellowstone za mu yi alama da Grand Canyon. Tsawonsa tsawon kilomita 20 ne, kuma zurfin nisa 360 m! Wurin daga wurin ya sami sunansa - a cikin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa suna nuna hasken rana. A kudancin wurin shakatawa yana da tudun dutse wanda ke rufe dusar ƙanƙara. Ya yi mamaki tare da kyakkyawar kyakkyawa mai kyau.

Geysers

Yellowstone yana daya daga cikin wurare guda biyar a duniyar duniyar da manyan filayen geysers suka shimfiɗa (maƙerin kwalliya na Arewacin Amirka na waɗannan wurare ya ƙunshi sassaƙaƙƙun dutse). A nan ne magma ta zo kusa, sabili da haka, yawan zafin jiki na ruwa da aka dakatar da shi ya fi girma fiye da maɓallin tafasa, maimakon haka, shi ne tururuwa fiye da ruwa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ƙananan maɓuɓɓugai suna "aiki" a kai a kai, kuma manyan mutane - spontaneously. Akwai kimanin 3000 daga gare su.

Tsarin ruwa, mafi girma a cikin duniya, yana fitar da ruwa 5,000 zuwa mita mita 50-1, tare da tsawon wannan rashin tabbas - daga kwanaki 4 zuwa rabin karni.

Wani abu mai ban sha'awa shi ne Excelsior, wanda yake tsakiyar tsakiyar kyakkyawan tafkin dutse. A maɓallin ruwa mai zurfi ya kai 90 m, yayin da wannan tsari yana tare da wasu abubuwan musamman na musamman - murya, rowa da ƙasa suna rawar jiki.

Maganin mai ban mamaki, wanda ake kira Eye, shine hakikanin sarki na wannan kwari. Microorganisms da kwayoyin da ke cikin ruwan zafi, ana fentin shi a cikin launuka mai haske. A cikin tsari, yana kama da babban ido. Akwai jin cewa wani daga ƙasa yana kallon abin da ke faruwa akan shi.

Babban tide

Yellowstone National Park a kan taswira tsaye daga wata mu'ujiza - wata babbar lake da wannan sunan.

An located a tsakiyar filin jirgin sama. Akwai babbar Wuraren da tides da ruwa a ko da bãya daga bakin gaci, ko cika shi. Yellowstone Lake bai yi biyayya da dokokin ba. A nan, ruwa yana canza layin a zigzags - a kan wasu tudu na iya zama lokaci guda kusa da tide tare da ruwa mai zurfi. Makirci a wannan sau da yawa canza wurarensu.

Har yanzu baza a iya warware wannan asiri ba ta hanyar manyan masana kimiyya. Daya daga cikin zato yana bayyana yanayin wannan tafkin ta hanyar aikin geological. Abinda ke cikin tafkin kifaye yana zaune a ciki bazai tsoma baki ba - akwai wata babbar adadi na farin ciki da yawancin masunta.

Tsire-tsire da kuma warketai

A farkon karni na karshe, kullun ya haifar da wargajewar warketai a can. Cizon daji da ƙwaya sun lalatar da bakin tekun Lamar, yayin cin duk tsire-tsire na gida. Sa'an nan kuma, kamar dai a sarkar, masu ƙugiya sun fara mutuwa, wanda ya ɓace musu. Wuraren da wadannan ma'aikatan da suka yi aiki sun bushe, kamar yadda dams ba su gamsu ba. Mun fara bace ba tare da ruwa shuka tsire da cewa ciyar grizzly bears. Ta haka ne, Yellowstone Park ya kasance a gefen wani mummunan yanayi na muhalli.

Bayan wannan, Ofishin Kasa na Kasa na Amirka ya kawo warkokai daga Kanada. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, suna rage yawan mutanen da ba'a da dura. A cikin kwarin reappeared shuke-shuke, bayan wanda ta muhalli balance fara warke.

A halin yanzu a cikin wannan ajiyarki zaka iya ganin dabbobi daban-daban: musa, buffalo, grizzly bears, deer, snow rams, coyotes, beavers and wolves. Yana gida zuwa wasu dabbobi: dutsen zakoki, bobcats, cougars. Mutane da yawa a wurin shakatawa da kuma tsuntsaye - game da 200 jinsuna daban: pelicans, trumpeter swan, m mikiya da sauransu.

Facilities ga masu yawon bude ido

Shigar da wurin shakatawa Yellowstone, kowane mai shayarwa yana samo jagorancin da zai taimake shi ya kewaya filin sararin samaniya. Kusan dukkanin yankuna za a iya wucewa ta hanyar hanya mai tuddai, ta rungumi "takwas" duk wurare mai ban sha'awa: da caldera da tafkin, dubban geysers, gandun daji, da ruwa da maɓuɓɓugar zafi. Ginin yana kewaye da babbar hanya, tsawonsa tsawon kilomita 150 ne.

Ya kamata a lura cewa yin ziyara yana daukan kwanaki 4. A wannan wuri yana yiwuwa a yi hayan mota, dauki doki, da kuma tafiya tare da hanyoyi, wanda tsawonsa ya kai 1770 km. Ya kamata a shirya cewa a hanya akwai wasu dabbobin daji - budurwa ta buɗe dabi'ar budurwa a cikin girmanta mafi girma.

Yana ba da tafiye-tafiye, tafiyar jiragen ruwa, ziyara a cikin kogo, doki, kifi - ga kowane baƙo zai kasance wani aiki wanda yake neman ran, wanda zai ba da damar yin amfani da sha'awa, da kuma samun lafiyar da karfi.

Lokacin da kake zuwa a Yellowstone Park, kana bukatar ka kasance a shirye domin gaskiyar cewa ziyartar ziyartar zata dogara ne akan lokacin da za a zauna a can. Ana ba da sabis na masu yawon bude ido ta hanyar hotels, farauta lokatai, sanduna, bungalows, gidajen cin abinci, cafes, dakunan mai da shaguna. A wannan wuri, za a iya ɗora ɗakin kwana a gaba. An bude wurin shakatawa daga watan Mayu zuwa karshen watan Satumba, lokacin da akwai masu yawon shakatawa miliyan 3.

Wasu masanin halitta sun yarda cewa caldera na iya farka a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Wannan zai zama masifa, a cikin sikelin da za a iya daidaita da apocalypse. Haddadda kamar haka: rabi na Amurka za a share su daga duniya. Har ila yau, Turai za ta sha wahala saboda ƙudarin wuta za ta ƙare a cikin tasirin da kuma rufe rana na dogon lokaci, bayan haka "yanayin hunturu" zai zo cikin dukan duniya.

Yi hanzari don sha'awar wannan mu'ujizar yanayi, yayin da har yanzu akwai damar!