Yadda za a yi pinhole kyamara da hannunsa: biyu cikakken rayuwa shiga ba tare da izini ba

Pinhole kamara, pinhole kyamara - a san da dama shekara ɗari bil'adama samfur na kamara. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu ba su ne kawai a kusa look at ta tarihi da kuma manufa na mataki, amma kuma dubi yadda za a yi pinhole kyamara da hannuwansu daga ya da kayan a hanyoyi da dama.

Mene ne wata kamara obscura

A kamara obscura (Latin kyamara -. "Room", obscura - "duhunta, duhu") - mai sauki Tantancewar na'ura, a samfur kamara. Yana iya zama wani akwatin ko kirji, a daya garun wanda aka yanke glazok- kananan rami, kuma a maimakon wani tensioned allo na translucent abu, da kuma wani duhu dakin da guda kananan ido da allon.

Wani suna na wannan na'urar - Pinhole kamara (English pinhole kyamara -. "Bẽne, da ciwon wani rami").

The aiki manufa da kamara obscura

Kafin ka yi pinhole kyamara da hannunsa, shi ne zama dole mu fahimci yadda yake aiki. Ta aikin dogara ne a kan sanannun makaranta da dokar da rectilinear yaduwa daga haske haskoki. Ta hanyar rami-ido kyamara wuce a jam'i na kunkuntar haske bim. Kowace daga cikinsu ya fita a kan m bango allo haske tabo daidaita a size peephole. Irin wannan specks daga mahara bim zoba juna a kan surface na pinhole kyamara allo, ta haka ne samar da on shi wani Tantancewar gani-kwafin abu ko kwanon rufi located a gaban wannan irin na'ura.

The mutum ido da kuma pinhole kyamara

Pinhole kamara, ta hanyar, kamar manufa na da aikin da mutum ido - hoton a kan ta allo kuma samun ta cikin kananan rami, da kuma juye. Wannan na faruwa ne daga gaskiya cewa haske samun a cikin idanu, da kuma a cikin na'ura a wani kwana - haskoki nuna daga saman abubuwa nuna saukar da haskoki nuna abubuwa kusa da qasa, directed zuwa gaba. su kẽta cikin ɗakin kwanana, don haka da cewa image a kan kamara allon jũya juye. A jikin mu image a daidai wuri dawo da kwakwalwa, da kuma a cikin kyamara - madubi.

Tarihi na pinhole kyamara

Yadda za a yi pinhole kyamara da hannunsa, da tunani, da kakanninmu - karo na farko da wannan sabon abu ne lura da Aristotle a IV karni. BC

A almara Leonardo Vinci farko aka bayyana a cikin algorithm da ginshikai na ta aikin. Ya firtsi amfani a tsakiyar zamanai, artists - kamara obscura taimake su yin hotuna-kofe na wasu abubuwa.

Don koyon yadda za ka yi da hannuwansu da kamara obscura a cikin wani more "ci-gaba" version, masana kimiyya tunani daga baya. A 1568 da manufa na pinhole kyamara an inganta - Venetian kirkiro De Barbaro maye gurbin allo plano-convex ruwan tabarau. Wannan} ir} muhimmanci inganta tsabta da kuma jikewa na image. Da na'urar da aka kira pinhole kyamara-kamara. Shi ya zama fatar dutse da zamani kamara.

Yadda za a yi pinhole kamara daga cikin akwatin da hannuwansu

Domin yi da kansa pinhole kyamara za a bukata:

• kwali akwatin daga karkashin shayi ko ruwan.
• bakin ciki translucent takarda - m vellum ko takarda.
• almakashi.
• manne.
• Scotch.

Saboda haka, yadda za a yi pinhole kamara daga cikin akwatin da hannuwansu daga shayi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da sauransu. Sauransu.:

1. Yanke a kananan taga da akwatin katangu.
2. By ta amfani da m ko m tef, rufe bude yanki na wani m takarda, juya shi a cikin wani allo jam'iyya nan gaba.
3. A tsakiyar gaban bango yin wani rami diamita ba fiye da 1 mm. Dauki amfani da wannan allura, fil, pushpin.

Wannan duk da wa'azi gaya maka yadda za ka yi pinhole kamara daga cikin akwatin da hannuwansu. Yi amfani da sabuwar dabara a wani daki mai duhu - nuna shi a mai haske da kuma contrasting haske Madogararsa - kamar wani kona kyandir. Its inverted image dole ne a nuna a cikin takarda allo.

Yadda za a yi pinhole kyamara da hannunsa: kamara

A wannan rayuwa shiga ba tare da izini ba mu tattauna halittar wani karin hadaddun, amma kuma mafi ban sha'awa pinhole kamara, da wanda za ka iya samun hakikanin hotuna. Don fara, tãra dole kayan:

• Aluminum jar.
• wani yanki na roba.
• matchbox.
• 2 "ganga" ga fim;
• 35 mm film kanta.
• baki fenti, wani goga.
• stationery wuka.
• lantarki tef.
• da allura.
• almakashi.
• line.
• fensir.

Yadda za a yi pinhole kyamara da hannunsa, karanta on:

1. Yanke wani taga a cikin ciki na akwatin. Nagari ta size - 36h24 mm. Its gefuna iya duka biyu bar sakaci tsage (shi zai ba da wani sabon abu da sakamako na nan gaba Shots), kuma suka gyãra for sawing ko wuka stationery.
2. A ciki na akwatin gaba daya fenti da baki fenti. Amfani da wani Matte maimakon m launuka.
3. Dauki wani yanki na roba, kaifafa ajalinsa. Bi da "ganga" tef, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, da kuma kaifi tip, ƙugiya bude film, baya saka a cikin akwati. Lokacin da rewinding zai ji akafi - don ƙirƙirar sabon frame a kan bukatar gungura ta cikin film 8-9 akafi.
4. Koma waje da akwatin - tsananin a tsakiyar, yanke wani murabba'i mai dari 8x5 mm.
5. Na aluminum iya yanke wani square 15x15 mm. A tsakiyar, yi da allura rami - karami shi ne, mafi alhẽri.
6. Yanzu fenti da baki fenti da kuma m ɓangare na akwatin da aluminum akwatin.
7. Manne da aluminum zuwa ɓangare na m ɓangare na akwatin peephole tef.
8. Make rufe - yanka wani yanki na kwali, bi da shi zuwa ga rami "ruwan tabarau", tsaya ga "masallãci". Take a tsiri na kwali 10h30 mm, cikakken baki fenti da shi a cikin, saka wannan improvised na'urar rufe a matsayin misali.
9. Don baya cikin fim ciki da "ramuka" yin irin wannan rike da kwali da kuma tef.
10. Yadda za a yi pinhole kyamara daga kwali da hannuwansu? A nan, a karshe, kuma da karshe ma'ana. Saka film tsakanin m da ciki na rami-matchbox allo. Don amfani da fim ba magana, za a iya a haɗe zuwa wancan gefe na biyu kyamara "ganga" domin ta Tuddan. Tam acikin sarƙa duk sassan da tef.

Saboda haka muka dismantled hanyoyi biyu, ya gaya maka yadda za ka yi pinhole kyamara da hannunsa. A karshen ne mafi alhẽri ga harbi amfani da taži da rufe bude ga wani tsawon lokaci - a rana weather for 6 seconds, a hadari - 7-8 seconds.