Tarayya Constitutional Shari'ar Rasha Federation

A kowace jiha na da tsarin da dokar, shi dogara ne a kan al'ada, da matakin da ãdalci, zaman lafiyar harkokin siyasa, da kuma wasu al'amurran. Duk da haka, wani muhimmin kashi a wani irin tsarin ne a shari'a kayan aiki ikon cibiyoyin.

Legal akai Jihar

Rasha - wata kasa tare da wani tarayya tsarin. Wannan yana nufin cewa wani ɓangare na shi, akwai 'yan wasan kwaikwayo tare da wasu mulkin kai, ciki har da doka. Wannan ya kawo game da canje-canje a cikin dokar-yin tsari. Babban dokar mu kundin tsarin mulki da aka amince a shekara ta 1993, wanda ya kafa asali procedural da kuma hanyoyin da iri dokokin, aiki a cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation. A wannan lokacin, a kasar mu akwai wani musamman kula jiki - da kotun tsarin. Yana ne aka yi nufi ga gudanar da wani zaman kanta bangaren shari'a bisa ka'idojin da suka shafi na Basic Law. A sabon kundin tsarin mulki na kasar mu kafa ka'idojin aiki na jiki, da kuma a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1994, Tarayyar Law "A tsarin mulki Kotun na Rasha Federation", wanda kayyade babban maki a cikin wannan doka naúrar. A musamman, shi ya kafa hanya ga samuwar tsarin mulki Kotun, da gwada yawa da kuma gwajin kwari abun da ke ciki na da alƙalai, kazalika da hanya ga ajalin da shugaban kotun.

Nau'in na Rasha dokokin

A dokar kafa a raba duk doka ayyukan a cikin iri biyu: dokoki da kuma dokoki. Dalilin wannan bambantawa aka bayyana quite kawai: duk abin da ya dogara da doka da karfi na wani normative yi. Kuma ta, bi da bi, aka ƙaddara da jiki, ko hukuma, ko sami wani doka kayan aiki, ko ya zama mafi daidai, da matsayin jiki ne, ko hukuma a matsayi na gwamnati. Saboda haka, akwai wani fairly sauki manufa: mafi girma da matsayi na ofishin makarantarku, ko da iko, da ƙarfi doka karfi na yi. A kasar, da ikon ne zuwa kashi 3 kungiyoyin: shari'a, zartarwa da kuma yan majalisun dokoki, kowane a cikin ta fanni na iyawa iya daukar daban-daban da dokokinta. Duk da haka, ya bayyana sarai cewa majalisar tana da jagorancin, haka ta shari'a dokoki ne babba game da wasu ayyukan rassan da kuma ado a cikin nau'i na dokokin, wanda za a iya raba iri biyu: tarayya kundin tsarin dokokin da dokokin na tarayya.

A nuances na lawmaking

Saboda haka, mun gano wani matsayi na 'yan majalisu tsarin na Rasha. Babban jiki na wannan ikon ne Tarayya Majalisar, wanda a nuna ne zuwa kashi biyu da bẽnãye: jihar Duma (m gidan), wanda ya kunshi 450 wakilai, zabe kan daidai m takardar za ~ en, da kuma Federation Council. A karshen kunshi 170 senators zabe daga wakilin da 'yan majalisu jiki na Rasha Federation batu. The dokokin a kasar mu yarda da DG, wanda, bi da bi, shi ne babban dokar-yin jiki na jihar, don haka wadannan takardu da mafi girma doka karfi da tasiri a kan dukan ƙasa na kasar mu. Duk da haka, daga gare su, kuma suna da doka bambantawa. A saman doka Olympus ne Rasha kundin tsarin mulki, babu wata dokar da yi ba zai iya musanta shi, in ba haka ba za a soke. Daya matsayi a kasa shi ne mai tarayya kundin tsarin dokar. Wadannan dokokin tsara da doka da dangantaka, yake kunshe a cikin na asali majalisu yi a kasar, amma sun concretise su yi zurfi da kuma da raya. Ko ƙananan ne tarayya dokokin da duk sauran iri doka hadin gwiwa.

dokokin

ERPs (tarayya kundin tsarin dokokin) na Rasha Federation cikin sharuddan lambobin zauna da karami girma a cikin sauran dokokin tsarin da ke jihar. Duk da haka, kasar mu ne Tarayya a tsarin, don haka da tsarin na dokokin da sharu gabatar da Rasha Federation. Saboda haka, a cikin ƙasa na jihar, da manufa na iyawa da su bambantawa. Menene wannan yake nufi? A gaskiya, duk abin da yake quite sauki. Da fari dai, akwai kawai gudanar da RF batutuwa ga wanda tarayya kundin tsarin dokokin, FL (dokar tarayya). Babu normative yi na kasashen dake yankin ba zai iya musanta shi, amma idan ta faru, to, shi ne batun sakewa. Abu na biyu, akwai abubuwa na dual iko na tarayya da kuma ta batutuwa, wanda kuma dauki da kuma tarayya kundin tsarin dokar da dokar tarayya a duk su bambancin, kamar yadda a cikin hali na saba wa juna wannan manufa kamar yadda a farko version. Na uku, akwai abubuwa na reference kawai batu na Rasha Federation, da kuma nan, idan akwai rikitarwa, da karfi zama n / yi na batun na Rasha Federation. Amma har a cikin wannan harka, ba zai iya musanta Rasha kundin tsarin mulki.

Secondary dokokin

Yanzu bari magance tare da normative ayyukan bayar da zartarwa reshe. A nan ne wannan akida, na yi banza, kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da majalissun irinsu. Babban m na zartarwa da iko a Rasha Federation ne shugaban kasar na kasar, don haka ya bayar da umarnin zai yi da mafi girma da iko. A matsayin na ƙananan zai kasance cikin tsari na gwamnatin kasar, wanda, tare da shugaban bada zartarwa iko. Ko ƙananan - oda tarayya ma'aikatu da. Similar sharu kawai zuwa yankuna na yankinsu, da kuma vzaimopodchineny karkashin wannan makirci. A mafi ƙasƙanci matsayi a cikin matsayi zai zama takardun na gida kai gwamnati a cikin nau'i na mafita. Duk da doka ayyukan soma da zama ƙarƙashin jikinsu da kuma jami'an da za a iya juyawa zuwa mafi girma kotu, da irin wannan hanya da aka ayyana ta tarayya kundin tsarin dokar "A cikin doka akai na wani tarayya Jihar"

Ana zargin wani tsaiko na yi

A Rasha, da dokar-yin ke ta biyar, saukarwa: majalissun himma, tattaunawa (uku karatu), zabe, promulgation da ɗaba'ar. akwai procedural bambance-bambance a lokaci guda. Tarayya Constitutional Shari'ar Rasha Federation da aka soma ta ƙwararren mai rinjaye, shi bukatar yardar kashi biyu cikin uku (2/3) na kuri'un da aka kada a jihar Duma, da kuma kashi uku (3/4) na RF Federation Council. Its peculiarity shi ne cewa shugaban kasa ya ba zai iya kãfirta da shi. A cikin hali na mai dokar tarayya da shugaban kasar ba zai iya yarda ta zuwa ga tallafi, sa'an nan ya ke don wani retrial na biyu da bẽnãye. Kuma idan aka amince da wani rinjaye na biyu da bẽnãye na majalisar dokokin kasar, a wannan yanayin, da za a sanya hannu da shugaban na Rasha Federation. Dokar da kuma sauran shari'a takardun za dauki sakamako bayan da karewa kwana goma daga ranar ta promulgation. Wannan ne inji ga halittar da dokokin a kasar.