Pupillary reflex da ãyõyin kashi

Eyes ne fairly muhimmanci jiki ga al'ada aiki na jiki da kuma biyan bukatar rayuwa. Babban aiki - da fahimta haske samuwar kasashe, kuma ta haka akwai wani hoto.

tsarin fasali

Shi ne da na gefe sashen gani a wani musamman rami na kwanyar, da ake kira da falaki. C. laterally kewaye ido tsokoki, da wanda shi ne aka gudanar da koma. Eye kunshi dama sassa:

1. Nan da nan eyeball, wanda yana da wani mai siffar zobe siffar game da 24 mm a size. Ya kunshi vitreous, ruwan tabarau, da kuma mai ruwa-ruwa mutumci. Duka wannan yana kewaye da uku membranes: na furotin, jijiyoyin bugun gini raga da kuma shirya a baya domin. Abubuwa, godiya ga wanda ya jũya hoton, located a kan ido duka. Wadannan abubuwa ne da rabe da suke da mahimmanci ga haske.
2. M na'urar, wanda ya kunshi manya da ƙananan eyelids, ido soket.
3. Adnexa. Babban aka gyara ne lacrimal gland shine yake da ducts.
4. Oculomotor tsarin, wanda yake da alhakin da motsi na da eyeball, kuma aka hada da tsokoki.
5. Na gani jijiya.

asali ayyuka

Babban aikin yi da wahayi - bambanci tsakanin daban-daban jiki halaye na abubuwa, kamar haske, launi, da kuma siffar, size. A tare da tare da mataki na sauran analyzers (ji, wari, da dai sauransu) damar tsara da matsayi na jiki a sarari, amma kuma ƙayyade da nisa zuwa abu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa rigakafin ido cututtuka kamata a da za'ayi tare da enviable tsari.

Gaban pupillary reflex

A lokacin al'ada aiki na ido, karkashin wani waje halayen faruwa don haka ya kira pupillary reflexes, a cikin abin da almajiri da aka quntata ko widened. Pupillary reflex, reflex baka cewa ne daga ilimin Halittar Jiki substrate na dauki na almajiri zuwa ga haske shaidar ido kiwon lafiya da kuma dukan kwayoyin. Shi ya sa a wasu cututtuka likita abu na farko a cikin cak wannan reflex.

Mene ne amsawa?

almajiri dauki, ko ake kira pupillary reflex (sauran sunayen - raduzhkovy reflex, reflex iritichesky) ne wasu canji a mikakke girma daga cikin ido almajiri. A ƙuntatawa mafi yawa ana sa da ƙanƙancewa na Iris tsoka, kuma baya da tsari - shakatawa - kaiwa zuwa fadada daga cikin almajiri.

yiwu haddasawa

Kira da hade da wasu reflex samuwar kasashe, mafi yawan abin da aka dauke su canje-canje a cikin matakin da haske na sarari. Bugu da kari, canje-canje a cikin almajiri size iya faruwa ga wadannan dalilai:

• mataki na wasu kwayoyi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka yi amfani a matsayin Hanyar diagnosing Jihar wani yawan abin sama na magani ko wuce kima zurfin maganin sa barci.
• canza da mayar da hankali ra'ayi na mutum;
• wani tunanin, sakamakon, duka biyu korau kuma m daidai.

Idan babu amsa

A rashin dauki na almajiri zuwa ga haske iya nuna daban-daban a jihohin mutanen da suke da wani hadari ga rayuwa da kuma bukatar nan da nan baki kwararru.

Students pupillary reflex

Tsokoki da sarrafa aiki na almajiri iya shafar da darajar idan sun shiga wani musamman mai kara kuzari daga waje. Wannan ba ka damar daidaita da inflow haske wanda ya shige kai tsaye zuwa cikin ido. Idan ido garkuwa daga mai shigowa hasken rana, sa'an nan kuma bude shi, da almajiri, wanda shi ne pre-kumbura a cikin duhu, da zarar rage a cikin size lokacin da wani haske. Pupillary reflex, reflex baka cewa zai fara a cikin ido duka, ya nuna al'ada aiki na jiki.

A Iris yana iri biyu tsokoki. Daya kungiyar ne da wani annular tsoka zaruruwa. Innervating parasympathetic zaruruwa na na gani jijiya. Lokacin da wadannan tsokoki kwangila, wannan tsari yana sa constriction da almajiri. Wani rukuni ne alhakin fadada daga cikin almajiri. Yana hada radial tsoka zaruruwa wanda ake innervated da m jijiyoyi.

Pupillary reflex kewaye shi ne quite hankula, a cikin wadannan domin. Hasken da ya wuce ta yadudduka da ido da kuma refracted cikinta da dama kai tsaye a kan haske a jikin. Photoreceptors, wanda aka located a nan, a cikin wannan harka, ne farkon wata reflex. A wasu kalmomin, wannan shi ne inda hanya zai fara kuma pupillary reflex. Innervation na parasympathetic jijiyoyi rinjayen aiki na sphincter na ido, da kuma pupillary reflex baka hada da shi a cikin abun da ke ciki. A tsari kanta da ake kira efferent hannu. Akwai kuma abin da ake kira cibiyar na pupillary reflex, bayan da daban-daban jijiyoyi canza su shugabanci: wasu daga cikinsu, suka tafi ta cikin kwakwalwa tushe da kuma wani ɓangare na ido soket ta hanyar saman Ramin, da sauran - ga sphincter na almajiri. A wannan hanya ƙare. Wannan ne pupillary reflex aka rufe. Babu irin wannan dauki iya nuna wani hakki na jikin mutum, wanda aka sa shi dora sosai muhimmanci.

Pupillary reflex da ãyõyin kashi

A wani binciken da wannan reflex aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi da dama da halaye na dauki:

• darajar constriction da almajiri.
• siffar.
• uniformity na dauki.
• motsi na ƴan.

Akwai da dama rare pathologies bayar da shawara cewa rungumar pupillary reflexes kuma gaji da damuwa, na nuna cewa malfunctions a cikin jiki:

• Amavroticheskaya immobility na ƴan. Wannan sabon abu ne da asarar da gaba dauki a lokacin da hasken makafi ido da kuma sada zumunci tare da dauki wahayi matsaloli idan ba a lura. A dalilai ne sau da yawa mafi bambancin cututtuka na akan tantanin ido da kuma na gani hanya. Idan unilateral immobility ne sakamakon amaurosis (retinal raunuka), da kuma a hade tare da fadada daga cikin almajiri, ko kananan, akwai yiwuwar anisocoria (ƴan ne daban-daban masu girma dabam). Lokacin da warwarewarsu sauran pupillary dauki ba za a shafa. Idan amaurosis tasowa a garesu (ie, duka biyu idanu suna shafa a lokaci guda), na gina almajirin ba su amsa, ko da lokacin da fallasa su da rana ta haskoki suna mika, wato, da pupillary reflex ne gaba daya fakowa ba.
• Wani irin amavroticheskoy immobility na ƴan - gemianopicheskaya immobility na almajiri. Zai yiwu akwai wani shan kashi na na gani fili, wadda yana tare da hemianopsia, watau makafi da rabi na gani filin, wanda aka bayyana da rashi na pupillary reflex a duka biyu idanu.

• Robertson immobility reflex ko ciwo. Yana da yake a cikin cikakken rashi na biyu kai tsaye da kuma sada dauki na ƴan. Duk da haka, sabanin baya irin shan kashi, a haduwa da martani (constriction na ƴan a yayin da ganinsu mayar da hankali a kan wani takamaiman batu) da kuma masauki (canza waje yanayi a cikinta akwai wata mutum) ba karya. Wannan alama ne ya sa ta gaskiya cewa canje-canje suna faruwa a cikin parasympathetic innervartsii idanu idan akwai halakar parasympathetic tsakiya, ta zaruruwa. Wannan ciwo iya nuna gaban tsanani mataki syphilis juyayi tsarin, da wuya rahoton encephalitis ciwo, kwakwalwa ƙari (wato, a kafafu), kazalika da traumatic kwakwalwa rauni.

• Cikakkar ko cikakken immobility na almajiri (cewa shi ne, shi ne ba quntata, kuma ba ya fadada a duk). Lokacin da fallasa su da wani katako haske haskoki almajiri kamu da rashi na biyu kai tsaye da kuma sada martani ga kara kuzari. Tasowa irin wannan dauki ba nan da nan ba, amma sannu a hankali. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi zai fara ne da take hakkin physiological pupillary halayen - mydriasis (almajiri dilation), da rashin motsi na ƴan.

A dalilan iya zama kumburi a tsakiya, da kashin baya, ko gangar jikin na jijiya alhakin ido ƙungiyoyi, da mayar da hankali a ciliary jiki, marurai, abscesses na baya ciliary jijiyoyi.