Pianist Nikolai Rubinstein: biography, kerawa da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Nikolai Rubinstein - a rare Rasha mawaki kuma shugaba. An sani a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na Moscow Conservatory (aiki a matsayin na farko darektan).

manhaja vitae

Nikolai Rubinstein aka haife Yuni 14, 1835 a birnin Moscow a cikin iyali na da wani manufacturer. Tun da farko, da iyali na Nicholas zauna a cikin ƙasa na wani karamin kauye Vyhvatintsy (Dnipro), amma shekaru 3 kafin a haifi wani yaro da iyayensa suka yanke shawarar komawa zuwa nan gaba, babban birnin kasar Rasha.

A lokacin daga 1844 zuwa 1846 Nicholas tare da mazan wa Anthony da mahaifiyarsa ya rayu a Berlin.

A cikin shekaru 12 da shekaru, Rubinstein da iyalinsa sake koma zuwa Moscow, inda nan gaba makadi da kuma ciyar da kusan sauran rayuwarsa.

Wanda ya Nikolay Grigorevich Rubinshteyn sana'a? A shekaru 20, saurayin sauke karatu daga Moscow University kuma karbi doka sana'a.

Tun da dukan rai na wani saurayi da aka riddled tare da music, sa'an nan a cikin layi daya da horo ya zama wani lauya, sai ya tafi a kan yawon shakatawa, da kuma a 1858 (shekaru 3 bayan rasit na sana'a), ya yanke shawarar ya kebe kansa don concert ayyukan.

A 1859, Nicholas ya sanya kowane kokarin bude wani musamman reshe na mallaka Rasha Musical Society a Moscow.

Mai karatu daga na farko Lines daga cikin labarin da aka bayar da rahoton cewa kafa Nikolay Grigorevich Rubinshteyn. A 1866, wani mutum ya hau kan darektan na Moscow kide. A post da ya gudanar har mutuwarsa.

Alheri ga pianist ya a 1872, lokacin da ya buga a sanannun concert a Vienna da kuma shirya wani shagali a World Music Fair a Paris.

A mutuwa wannan fice makadi da ke rubuce a 1881 a kan ƙasa na Faransa babban birnin kasar, amma mutumin da aka binne shi a Moscow, a cikin sararin Novodevichy hurumi.

Relationship tare da ɗan'uwansa,

Rubinsteins (Anton da Nikolai) ya kasance kullum kyawawan kyau abokai, domin biyu ba zai iya kwatanta rayuwata ba tare da music.

Lokacin da Nicholas aka 9 shekara, ya kuma ɗan'uwansa, Anton koma Jamus, to Berlin, inda boys karatu music. A lokacin da suka yi rangadin a kusan dukkanin kasashen Turai birane.

Nicholas ko da yaushe ya dauki wani misali daga wana, ko da ya halitta Moscow kide da aka yi wani yunkurin maimaita nasarar da ɗan'uwansa. Bayan Anton bude Conservatory a St. Petersburg shekaru 14 a baya.

Musical ayyuka

Ya m aiki Nikolai Rubinstein, ban sha'awa facts za ka iya koya daga wannan labarin, ya fara a matsayin farkon a matsayin 4 shekara karkashin tsauraran uwarsa iko, kamar yadda ya rigaya 7 yaro dan shekara da ɗan'uwansa aka kira su zuwa ga dukan kide biyu a Rasha da kuma a} asashen Turai.

A lokacin zaman a Berlin yaron ya yi karatu da irin wannan shahararren mutane kamar yadda Theodore Kullak (koya kayan yau da kullum na buga fiyano da piano) da kuma Zigfrid Den (nazarin msar tambayar tushe na music). A Moscow ya koma ya yi karatu tare da shahararrun Rasha music malami Basil Villuana.

A cikin shekaru da shekaru 23 da haihuwa saurayi aka riga cikakken ayyana su da manufa a rayuwa, kuma ya bar doka ikon yinsa, don wani na yau da kullum concert aiki.

A 1859, Nicholas aka nada shugaba na taron makada orchestras a sashen na mallaka Rasha Musical Society.

A 1866 aka nada lecturer a piano a Moscow kide.

A kan wani rayuwa, Rubinstein ya ciyar a game da 250 kide a matsayin shugaba. Kide da aka gudanar a Moscow da wasu birane Rasha.

Kuma a cikin 1870, Nicholas da wani 33 wasan kida da kuma duk Saide aka bayar don biyan kudin Red Cross.

A} asashen waje, mutumin bai son rike kide, kadai kasashen da abin da ya yi da aka ware sun Austria da Faransa. Amma ko da wasa kide a kasashen waje, ya har yanzu falala a kansu Rasha music, ga abin da ta kira wani mabiyin farfagandar.

Nikolai fĩfĩta su gudanar da wani da aka sani guda na music. Lokacin da yake rayuwa, ya rubuta kawai 'yan kwaikwaiyo da kuma songs yi wasa da Piano.

The m sadarwa makadi

Pianist Nikolai Rubinstein ya kullum na musamman da basira: ya iya shige a tare da kowane mutum, ko da kuwa shekaru, jinsi, da kuma zama na gaba a rayuwa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa matsayin matasa mawaki gayyace su shiga cikin "matasa Editorial ma'aikatan" wallafa a mujallar Pogodin "Moskvityanin". Kuma a sa'an nan matasa mutum kuma ya zama memba na m da'ira, wanda mambobin sun fi fice m mutane daga cikin lokaci.

An lura da cewa a shekarar 1859, a lokacin da Botkin, Tolstoy da Obolensky raya aikin bẽne, Music Society a Moscow, shi ya Rubinstein gan a surarsa. Abin baƙin ciki, ko sa'a, rayuwa ta ci gaba a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa Nicholas kishin kansa ga Moscow kide.

Gabancin Moscow Conservatory karkashin shugabanci na Rubinstein

A lokacin da a 1866, Nikolai Rubinstein, wanda biography ne cike da ban sha'awa facts, da gudummawar da bude daga cikin Moscow-kide na da aka nada da darektan, kusan ba wanda (ba ko da ɗan'uwansa) bai yi imani da cewa wani mutum sai kadan gaba da music masana'antu don talakawa.

Amma bayan 'yan shekaru, godiya ga wani musamman upravlenskim kungiya basira mutumin kide zama mafi kyau m ma'aikata ba kawai a Moscow amma kuma a kusan dukkanin na Rasha.

Yana da aka Nikolai Rubinstein gudummawar da gaskiya cewa Conservatives da aka ba da dama don ya koya bisa ga nasu manhaja - ɓullo da neposredstenno malamansu na ma'aikata. Bugu da kari, akwai daya kawai a kan ƙasa na Rasha Department of tsoho coci music an halitta.

The tawagar Conservatory malamai su ne mafi kyau composers da kuma masu kida na lokaci.

fitina

Duk da girma nasarori maza musically, ba duk wakilan da hukumomi na cewa lokaci mutunta Rubinstein. Ga wata 'yar alamar kuskure Nicholas nan da nan ya tuna cewa shi nasa al'ummar Yahudawa, kuma mafi ƙasƙanci daraja.

Musamman mai haske da wannan ra'ayi bayyana a cikin lokaci daga 1869 zuwa 1870 a lokacin fitina. The fitina da aka saboda gaskiyar cewa Rubinstein koro daga ofishinsa dalibi wanda ya warware duk data kasance dokoki, wasu PK Schebalskuyu. A duban farko, bai isa a kula halin da ake ciki ne batun kai kara saboda gaskiyar cewa dalibi 'yar wani general, da kuma mawaki ne kawai a lardin Sakatare.

A kotu ta yanke shawara aka sanya ba a cikin ni'imar Nicolas. A kotu mulki cewa Rubinstein kamar ƙananan daraja sãmar da zagi da janar 'yar da aka yanzu zamar masa dole ya biya su tara, a cikin adadin 25 rubles. Idan Nicholas zai ba da kudi, ya zai yi ya ciyar 7 kwana a kurkuku.

A cewar jaridar Clippings na lokacin, kusan duk Muscovites sun tattauna wannan al'amari, da kuma kawai godiya ga baki na majalisar dattijai soke hukunci.

Na biyu karo ne da dalĩli

Ba jima yana Nikolai Rubinstein ya motsa daga baya na kunya, kamar yadda aka dauke a cikin despotism.

A 1879 da majalisar furofesoshi na Moscow Conservatory, an yanke shawarar zuwa ban malamin da ma'aikata Shostakovskii yi magana a bainar jama'a, domin kada su bani kunya kaina ko kide.

Shostakovskii amma bai yarda da wannan matsayi, da kuma sanar da cewa Rubinstein despot da kuma m, saboda ba su so ne daidai da shi a cikin wani ƙarfi pianist ya zama shahararren. Shostakovskiy kalmomi da aka gyarawa har ya ma dan general, da kuma iyalinsa yana ƙarƙashin taimaka wa ɗan'uwansa Alexander II.

Sa'an nan, shi duk ya tafi zuwa zagaye na biyu. Yana fara hounding mawaki a cikin jaridu da kuma a kan idanu. Sa'an nan, majalisar dattijai da ya sanya baki.

Nikolay Rubinstein da Tchaikovsky

Daga cikin malaman Moscow Conservatory, wanda suna cikin Rubinstein abokai, halarci mashahuriyar Rasha mawaki Pyotr Tchaikovsky.

Lokacin da Bitrus Ilyich koya game da zalunci na Rubinstein saboda zargin despotism da hassada, ya kamar ba zai iya jure da ƙiren ƙarya, sai na rubuta wata wasika zuwa ga Rasha art zargi Vladimiru Vasilevichu Stasovu, wanda shi ne kusan karfi fiye da duk cin mutunci Rubinstein.

Harafin hada da wadannan Lines: "Ina da ni yana buɗewa da haske, da kyau da kuma mafi girma girmansa, ka gani kawai duhu, wata cũta har ma da wasu laifi. Amma ina so in gaya maka cewa duk abin da kuke zargi directed a Rubinstein, da tushe. Na ciyar shekaru 12 a karkashin shugabancinsa, kuma ina kawai wuce yarda da m su ji munanan zargin zuwa ga haske da mutum. Irin wannan zargin ne kawai zai iya kai wa ga gaskiyar cewa Nicholas jefa zũriyarsu. Lokacin da tunanin a kan wani ɓangare daga cikin aiki, wani abu da kawai ya za ta motsa har, amma ba na so in mutu hali haka cherished by shi. "

koyarwa damar iya yin komai

Mutane da yawa dalibai Rubinstein jãyayya da cewa ya kasance kamar wani m malami, musamman, da aka bayyana a cikin wadannan abubuwa:

1. Rubinstein yi imani da cewa dalibai bukatar fahimta duk yankuna na music, ba kawai su mayar da hankali a kan wani abu daya.
2. Nicholas nema na dalibai bayyana individuality, maimakon mara kwaikwayo na sauran manyan mutane.
3. Ya aka m. Idan dalibi ya ba a shirye domin zama, shi lodi shi don haka da ya kwarara daga bayanai da kuma ayyuka da cewa na gaba lokaci irin wannan dubawa babu daya a yarda.
4. Ya jaddada babbar sha'awa. Idan dalibi ya aikata wani abu kamar shi, sa'an nan ya za ci.

Sayings Rubinstein dalibai

Duk da tsananin daga cikin pianist, duk dalibai da aka yarda da koyarwarsa. Wannan a fili take a cikin wasu daga maganganunsu:

1. E. Sauer: "Yana da musamman flair cewa zai iya gane da karfi na kowane dalibi. Ya da'awar: kowa da kowa - da nasa. Kowane mutum iyawa na bukatar wani mutum tsarin kula, da kuma idan shi ne ya tabbatar da cewa iyawa za sparkle da haske launuka. "
2. A. Ziloti: "A cikin aji Nikolai Rubinstein ya nuna mana irin wannan fasaha da cewa involuntarily so a cimma a kalla karamin adadin ya damar iya yin komai. A wannan yanayin, kowane daga cikin dalibi, ya taka leda a hanyoyi daban-daban, to shafi mutum kirtani na rai. "

jana'iza Rubinstein

Duk da shubuha hali zuwa pianist, a cikin rãyuwar jana'izar da aka gaske girmama.

A wata ãyã makoki cikin Moscow lit titi fitilu. A wani tunawa sabis mutane kawo wata babbar lamba na Laurel wreaths kusa da akwatin gawa aka folded a dubun launuka.

Don Nikolai Rubinstein, a takaice biography wanda aka gabatar da hankali da labarin, ya ko da yaushe ya kasance a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuma zukatan mutane, Tchaikovsky rubuta a cikin girmamawa ya Trio a-moll «A memory mai girma artist."

Wannan mutumin ne ya cancanci girmamawa, kuma da gaske ne har yanzu ya kasance a cikin zuciyar kowane music lover.