Mene ne zazzabi ma'auni na'urorin

Daya daga cikin muhimman zahiri sigogi da cewa an fi yi karatu, ya lura da gyara, ko yau da kullum iyali adam rayuwa, da samar hawan keke ko dakin gwaje-gwaje da bincike, shine nuna alama na zazzabi. Dangane da dũkiyarsu da kuma fasaha fasali fassara aiki inji wanzu a wasu rarrabuwa na na'urorin don ji daga zazzabi for wasu iri: al'ada ruwa na'ura ko rikitarwa, m lantarki da kuma Laser aunawa na'urorin, wanda cancanta madadin zama saba iyali ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. Hakika, a muhimman hakkokin da m factor ne wuri na aikace-aikace na irin wannan na'urorin.

Irin na'urorin don ji daga zazzabi

Inji for dauke fitar da dole karatu, ciki har da wani na'urar ga aunawa da yawan zafin jiki na iska, bambanta da fasali kazalika manufa na aiki da ake amfani da ma'aunai. Isa yadu a yi amfani lamba kuma nesa thermometers, in ba haka ba ya kira pyrometers. Bugu da ƙari, rarrabuwa na na'urorin ga aunawa da yawan zafin jiki ya hada da:

• Glass da karfe ma'aunin zafi da sanyio fadada ruwa gudu a kan dukiya na girma canji jikuna a daban-daban yanayin zafi. Da bakan mataki na daga -190 zuwa +500 ° C.
• Manometric thermometers, ta amfani da dangantakar dake tsakanin sãɓãwar launukansa zafin jiki na gaseous abu, sanya shi a cikin rufaffiyar girma da kuma matsa lamba. Su aiki a dabi'u daga -160 zuwa +600 ° C.
• Banana juriya thermometers suna dogaro da ikon da kayan musanyãwa ga lantarki juriya da shugaba lokacin da dumama da kuma sanyaya. Tasiri ga dabi'u daga -200 zuwa +650 ° C.
• Thermoelectric converters - thermocouple. Ana amfani a cikin kewayon 0 to +1800 ° C. Wadannan kayan aka yi amfani da su domin auna zafin jiki da dukiya na biyu daban-daban karafa da kuma ferro gami janye electromotive karfi a lokacin da ya canja wani mataki na dumama da maha? Ar.
• An inji for kayyade zazzabi na daga +100 zuwa +2500 ° C - radiation pyrometer (photoelectric, Tantancewar, radiation). A mataki ne saboda gaskiyar cewa gyarawa da kudi rinjayar da adadin zafi jefarwa da jiki. Yana nufin wani maras lamba irin ji. Rarrabe tsakanin landline da kuma mobile, kanana da high-zazzabi pyrometer.

Thermometers da kuma na'urori masu auna sigina

A cewar wani rarrabuwa na zafi-raka'a gudanar da rabuwa a kan thermometers da kuma yawan zafin jiki masu auna sigina.

A farko - shi ne inji kayan aiki, ciki har da iskar gas-cika na'urorin Barometric, bimetal, zazzabi gauges, gilashin da kuma hade masu kula.

Zazzabi na'urori masu auna sigina - shi ne matsananci-madaidaici m na'urorin lantarki ga rikodi da zazzabi yi a taya da daskararru. Su ya kamata a bi Thermometers na juriya, thermocouples, riwayar da na'urori masu auna sigina da kuma gane, sanye take da gudun ba da sanda sunadaran.

Bugawa zazzabi gane suna sanye take da kebul-dubawa, wata ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ga adanar da nazarin bincike, Laser aimer-sojan igwa.

Aunawa ruwa zazzabi

Kowane raba na'urar ga aunawa da ruwa zazzabi, mura da kuma zafi mafita halin da musamman manufa na aiki. Akwai m na'urorin da cewa su dace da ma ga iska yi ma'aunai.

ruwa ma'aunin zafi da sanyio

Glass ruwa ma'auni na'urorin aka sani a matsayin mafi asali da kuma m thermometers wanda suke samuwa a cikin kwana da kuma mike. A filin na aikace-aikace - da bincike na aiwatar kayan aiki, kazalika da utilities (ma'aunai a cikin bututun). Na'urorin dace da dabi'u daga -35 zuwa +600 ° C, da kuma matsayin gabansa kashi Mercury da aka yi amfani da karin sau da yawa fiye da wasu, da kuma karatu, an rubuta su a kan sikelin.

Ya danganta da wurin da amfani da tsarin siffofin rarrabe na'urorin kiwon lafiya, aikin injiniya lantarki lamba, ruwa, kara da sauransu.

A takamaiman kayan aiki ga aunawa da ruwa zazzabi zaba bisa ga kuskure halatta a ma'aunai.

Na'urorin don kayyade waje zazzabi

A farko na'urar ga aunawa da iska zazzabi - gilashin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, ruwa mai aiki rabi wanda zai iya zama Mercury, ethyl barasa, toluene da sauran abubuwa.

Daidaici ma'auni kida ne Mercury kara da saka gilashin sikelin. Su ne a bukatar a dakin gwaje-gwaje da karatu a fannoni daban daban na samar da magani. Cane ma'aunin zafi da sanyio sanye take da wani zafi-resistant m kammala karatunsa capillary tube, da kuma na biyu irin mita ne halin a cewa sikelin rabo shirya a baya shi a raba farantin, kuma dukan inji aka kare 'yar jakar da mai karko gilashi.

A gaban lantarki lambobi a nema shi ne ake kira termosignalizatorom kuma m ruwa a cikin tafki da capillary nuna halin yanzu zafin jiki na sarari.

Features thermostats da ƙararrawa

Bayan sama, akwai wanzu wasu na'urorin don aunawa da yawan zafin jiki. Alal misali, kamar yadda masu auna sigina da kuma yawan zafin jiki masu kula suna amfani da kara dilatometers m abubuwa na jũna ferro gami wanda aka mika a lokacin dumama da daban-daban yawa.

A wannan manufa ne halin da wani irin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio - Bimetallic, tare da saka da zazzabi-m spring, welded tare da biyu daga karfe faranti da daban-daban thermal bazuwa. A lokacin dumama zuwa kwano spring an lankwasa kasa termokoeffitsienta kuma ta lankwasawa girma suna so bangaren zazzabi.

lantarki ma'aunin zafi da sanyio

Domin m thermal kayyade muhalli Manuniya a cikin kewayon daga -15 zuwa +125 ° C ne m contactless na'urar auna zafin jiki - tsammãni lantarki ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. A cikin na'urar ake juna da igiya mita kuma haska.

The m kashi ne sosai lafiya jan waya ma'auni stranded Helix tufka da firam.

Mene ne na'urorin ga aunawa da yanayin jiki

Jikin zazzabi da aka auna ma'aunin zafi da sanyio habitually. Amma a yau akwai da yawa wasu thermometers, iri dabam-dabam a cikin bayyanar da ka'idodi na mataki.

Mafi na kowa na'urorin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio abin da nasa mu, aiki a kan thermal fadada Mercury, kananzir, da barasa da sauransu. Taya. Su ne m, m da kuma isasshe m, musamman Mercury, ko da yake mai guba abinda ke ciki a cikin m gilashin jiki daukawa da shi da wasu hadarin.

Lantarki ko dijital na'urar auna zafin jiki jiki nuna so darajar ta hanyar da hadedde haska, amma koda halin kaka da yawa fiye da farashin ruwa "yan'uwa". Wadannan lamba thermometers.

Infrared pyrometers ba ya bukatar kai tsaye lamba tare da wani mutum aiki mugun. Supersensitive haska for 2-15 seconds karanta radiation darajar, outputting sakamakon da nuni. Wadannan ba lamba da zazzabi ma'auni kida ne manufa ga iyalai da yara matasa, lokuta da barci da lafiya, da dai sauransu Bugu da kari, suna da amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum a kan aiwatar da dafa abinci, kuma mafi iko iri -. A ikon masana'antu, a kan yi shafukan, a metallurgy da sauran masana'antu .

Lokacin da zama dole m ma'aunin zafi da sanyio

Sau da yawa akwai sau lokacin don auna zafin jiki na lamba Hanyar ba zai yiwu ko shi ne m. A irin haka shi yana bukatar ma'aunin zafi da sanyio - na'urar ga m zazzabi ji, wato:

• lokacin da ma'aunai Manuniya karfi mai tsanani jikinsu ko guba yanayi.
• da wuya damar, da kuma tare da karamin kuskure na iya sa ma'aunai a nesa na dubun mita.
• a lokacin da sa idanu sunadaran dake motsi, da kuma zai dauki wani tsaga biyu;
• a cikin ganewar asali na lantarki da ginin lokacin da shi ne don haka dace don mita m scanning a mahara m shafukan.

Wanne na'urorin iya auna zafin jiki na karfe

A metallurgical masana'antu da gudanar da nazari zubi ferro gami bukatar robust ma'auni na'urar for high yanayin zafi.

Lalle ne, waɗanda dauke baya aka bayyana pyrometer. Suna gyarawa da zafi radiation yankin, wanda characterizes da ainihin yawan zafin jiki na karfe. A wuya yanayi ultrahigh yi zafi contactless Hanyar shi ne manufa. A cikin ruwa crystal nuni nuna da wadannan bayanai:

• da ainihin yawan zafin jiki a kan Fahrenheit da Celsius.
• iyakar yawan zafin jiki.
• baturi.

Iyaka daidaito na auna m za a iya cimma kawai a lokacin da abu tsakanin m na'urar da babu tsangwama a cikin nau'i na tururi ko zafi mamaye daskararru. Idan ya zama dole a yi ma'aunai na ferro gami a cikin kai ladle ko zuba, shi wajibi ne don yarda da sharadin cewa da yawan zafin jiki ne kasa da ainihin adadi da kuma za a ƙaddara da lissafin.

Domin kauce wa rashin dacewar wannan hanya, ta amfani da wani kayan aiki ga aunawa da yawan zafin jiki na karfe, wato na'urar kwaikwayo blackbody. An nutsa cikin narke da aka wakilta a matsayin mai tube tare da soldered ko bude ƙarshen m mazugi bututun ƙarfe ko tsaurin karfe. A wani embodiment termoizmeritel kamata da wani ƙara zafi juriya, sunadarai juriya da kyau kwarai thermal watsin to nuna wani musamman m bayanai.

An aunawa da yawan zafin jiki na engine

Dogon lokacin da aiki, kazalika da lokaci-lokaci gyare-gyare na kayan bukatar na musamman kayan aiki, wanda hada da - a na'urar auna zafin jiki na engine. Wadannan sun hada da thermocouples, thermistors da kuma fadada thermometers.

Thermocouples - sosai dace da yadu da aka sani daga masu motoci da na'urorin for aunawa da yawan zafin jiki na saman na Tuddan da kuma na ciki motor kogo. Tare da wadannan zazzabi na'urori masu auna sigina iya gyarawa data, ko a wuya a kai wurare na engine, a cikin GROOVES da kuma tsakiya. Wakiltar biyu daban-daban ya zama ruwan dare karfe wayoyi da soldered a daya gefen iyakar abin da aka sanya a wani takamaiman batu na ji. Na biyu na ƙyallen maƙalawa an haɗa ka da wani millivoltmeter da wani ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, da kuma Naira Miliyan Xari da Manuniya kayyade ainihin zazzabi.

Mercury kuma barasa thermometers fadada ne sosai dace domin zama dole ma'aunai a kan samuwa shafukan: Tuddan fallasa surface na daban-daban abubuwa, kazalika da fita (ko mai shigowa) daga wani iska rafi na engine. Thermistors wani jan karfe waya Tuddan ne a haɗe a wurare da dama daga cikin engine, ciki har da su bi da bi, gyarawa da shan karatu kuma da kayyade talakawan darajar.

Secondary na'urorin amfani ga zafin jiki ma'aunai

Mu yi kokarin ba da maanar abin da yake masana'antu sakandare kayan aiki ga aunawa da yawan zafin jiki. A gaskiya, wannan atomatik na'urar ne wani muhimmin Baya ga babban mita, yi garkuwa da mayar rubuce yi a mutum-zaa iya karanta form. Wajibi ne a yi daidai iko, yi sigina kuma dace da zazzabi tsari a cikin wadanda na kwarai lokuta inda sabawa faruwa daga ba aiki yanayin sigogi. Dabam ware tsit kuma šaukuwa sakandare kayan.

Yawanci, da sakandare da zazzabi aunawa na'urorin da wani karfi m casing da karfe sanye take da wani kammala karatunsa sikelin. Rajistar dabi'u faruwa bisa ga ginshiƙi rubuta thermocouples, iri gauges, juriya thermometers, transducers da kuma sauran na'urori.

La'akari hanyoyi daban-daban da gabatar da bayanai, shi wajibi ne su raba na biyu da na'urorin a cikin rikodi da kuma nuna, guda kuma Multi-tashar, biyu-aikin da guda-fuska. A gaban wani yi sigina inji for data na'urorin nan take nuna unacceptable canji a zazzabi daban-daban daga cikin so darajar. Wannan taimaka wajen kula da ma'ana kwarara daga halayen da kuma matakai a cikin abin da suka suna da hannu.

Tare da duk iri-iri na na'urorin da cewa rikodin zazzabi karatu na gas, taya da daskararru kamata ba tsanani shawara ga selection na so dabara. A farko abubuwan da dole ne a dauki la'akari ne da ya halatta iyãkõkin zafin jiki da dabi'u, matsakaicin nesa a wadda ma'aunai za a iya za'ayi (wurin), da daidaito. Kuma, ba shakka, la'akari da ikon yinsa, daga amfani da wani musamman irin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio.