Hawking radiation: asirin ba wanzu

Stiven Hoking - mafi girma cosmologist da msar tambayar likita na lokacin mu. An haife shi a shekara 1942, a nan gaba masanin kimiyya riga a cikin shekaru 20 da fara fuskanci matsalar lafiya. Amyotrophic a kaikaice sclerosis ne karfi impeded ilimi a sashen Irfanin Physics a Oxford, duk da haka, bai hana Stephen kai wani sosai aiki, cike da rai events. Ya yi aure a shekarar 1965, ya zama memba na Royal Society a 1974. A wannan lokaci ya riga ya mai yar da kuma 'ya'yanta maza biyu. A shekarar 1985, masana kimiyya tsaya magana. Yau, a cikin jiki da motsi aka kiyaye shi daya kawai fuska tsokoki a kan kunci. Yana da jũna da cewa gaba daya immobile kuma bebe mutum hukuncin. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1995 ya auri sake, da kuma a shekara ta 2007 ... tashi a weightlessness.

A duniya, babu wani mutum bã tãre da motsi, wanda zai rayu haka cike da amfani da kuma ban sha'awa rayuwa.

Amma dai ba duka. Hawking mafi girma ci gaban da aka ka'idar baki ramukan. "A ka'idar Hawking," kamar yadda yanzu ake kira, ya revamped shekaru masu yawa na masana kimiyya 'ra'ayi game da baki ramuka talikai.

A farkon aiki a kan ka'idar koyo, kamar mutane da yawa daga cikin abokan aiki, ya bayar da hujjar cewa baki ramuka har abada hallakar da dukan abin da ya faxa cikin su. Wannan bayanai paradox aka bar soja da kuma masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya. An yi imani da cewa kowane Properties na sarari abubuwa, ban da nauyi, shi ne ba.

Samun aka tsunduma a cikin binciken na baki ramuka a shekarar 1975, Hawking samu cewa sun kullum emit wani rafi da photons cikin sararin samaniya da kuma wasu sauran na farko barbashi. Duk da haka, ko da mai ilimin kimiyya da kansa ya hakikance cewa, "Hawking radiation" shi ne bazuwar, unpredictable. Birtaniya masanin kimiyya farko tunanin cewa wannan radiation ba ya gudanar da wani bayani.

Duk da haka, da m ingancin hankali - ikon kullum shakka. Hawking ci gaba da bincike da kuma gano cewa, da danshin da baki ramuka (watau, da Hawking radiation) ne jimla yanayi. Wannan ba shi damar kammala da cewa, bayanai samu ga baki rami ba tare da an halakar da kuma canza. A ka'idar cewa jihar na rami kullum, shi ne gaskiya idan muka yi la'akari da shi daga ra'ayi na ba-jimla kimiyyar lissafi.

A view of jimla ka'idar, da wuri mai cike da "rumfa" barbashi cewa emit daban-daban jiki filayen. annuri tsanani dabam kullum. Lokacin da ta zama da karfi, kai tsaye daga injin kan taron sararin sama (iyaka) na b iya haife barbashi-antiparticle nau'i-nau'i. Idan jimlar makamashi na guda barbashi ne m, da kuma na biyu - korau idan barbashi sun auku a cikin baki rami, suka fara nuna hali daban. Korau antiparticle fara rage makamashi na sauran b, kuma m barbashi o ƙarin tabbatar da rashin iyaka.

A wani ɓangare na wannan tsari kama danshin, ya fito daga cikin baki rami. Yana da wannan danshin da ake kira "Hawking radiation." Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa wannan "danshin" karkatacciyar bayanai na da zafi, a bayyane na'urorin, bakan, a wasu zazzabi.

Hawking radiation, bisa ga masanin kimiyya, ya shaida cewa ba duk bayanai da aka rasa da kuma vuya har abada a wani baki rami. Shi ne tabbatar da cewa jimla kimiyyar lissafi ya tabbatar da rashin yiwuwar darkãkẽwa ko asarar bayanai. Wannan yana nufin cewa, irin wannan bayani, albeit a modified tsari, ya ƙunshi Hawking radiation.

Idan masana kimiyya da dama, da suka wuce da kuma nan gaba na baki ramukan za a iya yayi nazari kazalika da tarihi na wasu taurari.

Abin takaici, shi watsi da ra'ayi na yiwuwar tafiya ta hanyar lokaci da kuma a cikin sauran kaunun yin amfani da baki ramukan. A gaban Hawking radiation ya tabbatar da cewa duk wani abu da ya auku a cikin rami, ya koma da mu duniya a cikin nau'i na sauya bayanai.

Ba duka masana kimiyya raba da imani na Birtaniya likita. Duk da haka, su ma suka kalubalanci su ba su warware. Yau dukan duniya na jiran sabon wallafe Hawking, a cikin abin da ya alkawarta zai daki-daki, kuma rinjawarwa tabbatar da objectivity na kimiyya duniya a juya ka'idar.

A mafi cewa masana kimiyya sun kasance iya samun Hawking radiation a cikin Lab. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 2010