Football sharuddan da su da ma'ana. Football sharuddan in English tare da fassarar a cikin Rasha. Dictionary kwallon kafa sharuddan

Don ƙarni, kwallon kafa da aka samun in shahararsa, jawo magoya jiran "burodi da kuma circuses". Kwallon kafa wasa ne wani muhimmin taron a cikin rãyuwar birnin: faruwa ga taron magoya, gyara da jadawalin na jama'a kai, suna kasaftawa ƙarin kayayyaki, akwai wani m rashin ma'aikata a wajajen ayuka saboda dauki wani hutu ko compensatory lokaci kashe a wasan da kuka fi so tawagar.

A tarihin abin da ya faru

Rituals, wanda ake harbawa a ball ko wasu siffar zobe abu, ya dade kowa a kusan ko'ina cikin duniya. A kasar Sin, misali, wani abu kamar cewa an kẽwayãwa a matsayin horarwa ga sojoji, wasan da aka kira "tsutszyu". Masana fassara da sunan kamar yadda "turawa saukar".

Daya daga cikin yiwu jihohin da progenitor na wasanni da aka dauke su Italiya. A can farko ya tashi a wasan da aka sani da "Calcio Fiorentino", wanda aka wajabta matsayin na tawagar 'yan. A waɗannan kwanaki, ya fara bayyana a karon farko wasan sharuddan. Football magoya riga tearing kururuwarta da rostrum.

Goma sha biyu karni kwanan wata daga cikin tarihin kwallon kafa a Birtaniya a daban-daban bukukuwa da kuma idi. Duk da haka, shi ne daraja ambata babu dokokin wasan a matsayin irin wannan a cikin waɗannan kwanaki, cewa tsokani m zubar da jini a tsakanin biyu da 'yan wasa da kuma magoya baya. Wannan ya kai ga wani ban da irin wannan fun da gwamnatin dokoki.

A karo na farko a cikin tarihin na Oxford da kuma Cambridge kwallon kafa teams ayyana guda ya kafa dokoki da kuma tsara da daban-daban sharuddan. Tawagar 'yan kwallon har zuwa wannan lokaci sun yarda da kansa dokoki kõma sama. A karshen, wadannan ayyuka sun kai ga rikice a cikin dokoki, domin da yawa teams, don haka da yawa dokoki na wasan.

da farko sa na dokokin soma da wakilan da daban-daban da makarantu na taron da aka hukuma da rubuce a 1846. The sharuddan, kwallon kafa dokoki da kuma rawar da mahalarta gabatar a wannan vault, da aka dauka a matsayin tushen dokoki na Turanci Football Association. A sakamakon haka, halin da ake ciki koma ga al'ada, saboda tawagar riga dogara a kan wani guda ya kafa dokoki.

terminology

Football sharuddan da wurãrenta halartar wani gagarumin yawan canje-canje a cikin daban-daban bugu, kafin daga karshe kunshe a cikin zamani version. A zamani kwallon kafa za ka iya saduwa da wadannan sharuddan:

• Own - burin zira ta Ƙofar nasa tawagar. Da farko an zaci cewa idan ball ya ratsa player (kafin bugawa da ball a net), an mallaka burin kidaya. Duk da haka, a kan lokaci da wannan ra'ayi da aka gyara ba. A zamani kwallon kafa, wani mallaka burin da aka zira a lokacin da wani player da gangan ya buga kwallo a cikin nasa net. In ba haka ba, da attacker ya sha da burin da sabani cikin tawagar ya aikata wani harbi da ball.
• Goalscorer - ajalin ya dauka tushen ba kawai 'yan wasa ko magoya, da yawa yan jarida da suka lit kwallon kafa tarihin. Ma'anar kalmar gane lamirinsu.
• Antifutbol - yawanci wannan kalma denoted wani m wasa tare da bayyana take hakkin da dokoki, tare da m duka, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa allon (yawanci ɓadda a matsayin misali "magance"), kazalika da gangan boorish magani daga mahukunta da kuma fafatawa a gasa. A lokaci zo a cikin wurare dabam dabam ta hanyar ci gaban da masu sana'a kwallon kafa, ta haifi wani hali zamani sabon abu, a matsayin resale na player a cikin sauran tawagar, da kuma wani lokacin a wata kasa. Wannan ya kai ga cewa mutum dokokin musamman kwallon kafa kungiyoyin wuce su kwarewa da tawagar cewa rufe da ra'ayin kwallon kafa a matsayin gasar, kuma a farko sa a gaba da ra'ayin kasuwanci amfani. Wadannan kwallon kafa ashana sun janyo hankalin mai yawa kallo ya kuma yi alkawarin babbar kudade a matsayin 'yan wasa da kuma masu clubs. A sakamakon haka, 'yan wasa sun nemi a kwace nasara a wani farashi da kuma ba su yi shakka tambaya ne a fili haramta dabaru. M taron, da wanda lokaci ne da tabbaci shiga wurare dabam dabam, da aka wasan tsakanin kungiyoyin na Buenos Aires, kuma Glasgow a 1967, a lokacin da bai dakatar da zafi dunkulallen hannu a zagaye na uku na gasar. Teams fada domin Intercontinental Cup. A cikin gwagwarmayar da manyan 'yan wasa kudin da ba su yi shakka karya dokokin, saboda alkalin wasa da za a cire daga filin na shida' yan wasa zuwa karshen wasan: hudu daga Glasgow da kuma biyu daga Buenos Aires.
• Alkalin wasa - talakawa hukunci a kan filin kwallon kafa, wani mai shaida domin gudanar da dokoki na wasan kuma don gabatar fanarite for maras yarda daga gare ta.
• Attack - Matsar player da ƙofofin da makiya da manufar wata manufa.
• Bank - wannan lokaci lakabi ne benci domin ya kiyaye.
• Bisikletka (daga Portuguese bicicleta) - kuma aka sani da "almakashi harbi" cewa ta aika da ball wallon keke harbi. Translation kwallon kafa sharuddan daga wannan harshe zuwa wani - wani sabon abu tartsatsi, amma masu sharhi kwallon kafa ashana fi son yin amfani da wannan kalmar "duka almakashi" for sauki ji na viewer bayanai.
• Farkon burin - ne da za a sanya wata manufa, idan ball ne a ƙofar maƙiyi har goma sha tara minti na wasan, har zuwa.
• Air duel - fitowan na ajalin da aka zamar masa dole ya ga al'adar 'yan wasa yãƙi a cikin ball ba kawai a kan ƙasar amma kuma a cikin iska. Muna magana ne game kokarin doke yawo ball shugaban. Sau da yawa tsayi 'yan wasa zuwa na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin iska duel, amma akwai lokuta lokacin da ball ƙara zuwa' yan wasa tare da low girma da kuma wanda zai iya tsalle high. Wannan wani kwallon kafa player daga Italiya Filippo Inzaghi. A yawa a raga da abokan hamayyarsu ya aika daidai kansa, ya lashe m duel.
• Golan (daga English Goal -. Goal, ci gaba - store) - wannan lokaci a cikin zamani kwallon kafa da aka kira wani block.

• Dirty game - dukan da 'yan wasa a filin wasa, ba su haura zuwa keta dokokin, amma ɓarna ne a cikin wasa. Wadannan sun hada da: na batsa kukan cikin abokan hamayyarsu adireshin, feigning rauni, ƙoƙarin tsoma baki tare da free harbi, da ganganci jinkirta lokaci. Popular sau da yawa 'yan wasan sun koma ga wulãkanci play saboda wani rashin kwarewa. Domin manufar jinkirta lokacin (su ci gaba da ci) 'yan wasa da gangan labarun sirri rauni, jãyayya da mahukunta damar da su zuwa da ƙarfi kira daga abokan hamayyarsu domin dame shi ko da gangan zuga damunsu kallo, fata kunna komowar ruwa a cikin ni'ima. Stories san yanayin da Tarayyar Soviet kasa tawagar wakĩli a kansu. A gasar Olympics a Melbourne Nikolay Tishchenko ya buga kusan dukan biyu da rabi na taron da kuma wani ƙarin lokaci da fashe karankarma. Misalai na irin wannan feats na kwallon kafa tarihi da aka sani zuwa yawa.

• Derby - Kwafa wasan wannan lokaci kananan sikelin, wanda shi ne wajen da muhimman hakkokin yanayi fiye sana'a. Alal misali, tsakanin kungiyoyin na daya birni ko daya yankin.
• With - kunnawa daga benci, iya juya wasan a cikin ni'imar da tawagar.
• Legionnaire - kalmar da aka kira wani player da kwallon kafa kulob din cewa ba shi da dan kasa na kasar a cikin kasa gasar wadda ya ke taka rawa.
• Infirmary - abin da ake kira 'yan wasa da suka ji rauni a lokacin wasan.
• Matattu ball - kasa barazana lokaci ne da ake kira ball tashi sosai da sauri kuma, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a wuri na hadin gwiwa babba crossbar kuma post. Wannan ball, da wuya a yaqi kashe. Game da Goalkeeper, wanda ya iya hana wata manufa, suka ce, "Na dauki wani matattu ball" cewa shi ne, don a hana makawa manufa.
• Zana - umurnin taron sakamakon ƙare babu na lashe. Yawanci, a taye.
• Irinta - wata nasara ko a Draw, sun gaji kawai da hatsari.
• Sharp izinin - canja wurin ball a lokacin wasan da daya player zuwa wani a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa player karbar ball ne a wani sosai dace matsayi na harbi daga makiya.
• Replay - sake nada ta gamuwa da teams. A wannan yanayin, sakamakon na baya game ne sake saiti. Yana da musamman rare, domin yanke shawarar soke wasan za a yi kullum saboda zaman kanta da shirya da teams yanayi. Alal misali, ba zato ba tsammani washe yanayin yanayi.

Turanci kwallon kafa sharuddan

A Turanci da fassarar a cikin Rasha da kuma sauran harsuna ne na kowa saboda da high yanki na rarraba wannan wasanni.

Wasu suna haka saba wa Rasha mutane cewa su asalin ba dole ba ne ko da tunani game da.

• Fita (daga English fita -. "Shin"). Abin da ya aikata a kwallon kafa Kalmar "daga", ya sani duk wanda a kowace hanya fuskanci kwallon kafa a general. Yawa ball for band iyakance filin kwallon kafa. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, wasan da aka tsaya muddin ball ba koma baya ga wasan. Wannan na bukatar shaƙewa da ball daya daga cikin sabani tawagar 'yan wasa da hannayenku daga baya ya kai. Yawancin lokaci akwai ko da yaushe a wasan, musamman zaba domin wannan mataki, domin shaƙewa ball da hannunsa (musamman idan ta auku ba a cikin abokan hamayyarsu gefen) iya kaddamar da wani cin nasara hade da wasa da ball da tafiya ƙasa kõ kuwa shugaban, wanda zai sa mai kyau manufa. Very m lokuta lokacin da, bayan shaƙewa da ball wofi burin da aka cika da daya touch.
• Efes (daga English wuce -. Miss, aika da) - canja wurin daga daya ball zuwa wani player tawagar wasa a play ko a lokacin da motsi zuwa ga abokan hamayyarsu burin. Akwai uku iri: bayyanãwa (ya hada da talakawa birgima cikin ball daga daya player zuwa wani a kan aiwatar da motsi zuwa ga burin da sabani cikin tawagar), hinged (a lokacin da wani player aika ball a cikin iska player to tawagar) da kuma wuce counter (cikin akwati inda player "harbe" da ball da free zone, sau da yawa tsakanin 'yan wasa da abokan gaba, kuma ta guje, ta hanyar wani player da tawagar Picks shi da kuma motsa shi zuwa ga burin).
• Hukunci (daga English azãba -. "Azãba, azãba, azãba") - harbi a kan makasudin daga nesa na goma sha mita, da nada wani mai sulhu na take hakkin da dokokin wasan tawagar a kansa azãba area (filin yanki a gaban ƙofar). Wannan free-harbi riko da daya player, shi ya hana kawai golan da sabani cikin tawagar. Sauran 'yan wasan ne a waje da azãba yankin. Idan azãba hõre a karshen wasan, karin lokaci da aka kasaftawa. Penaltistom mafi kyau a cikin tarihi na cikin gida da kwallon kafa yana dauke Glazkov Georgy Fedorovich, wanda ya taka leda a Moscow "Spartak" a cikin lokaci daga 1935 zuwa 1947 (sai dai 1945).
• Forward (daga English gaba -. "Forward") - gaba.

A Turanci kasashen da aka ma yada kalmar kori - kwallon kafa wa'adi ga shan tafi da ball abokin gaba ba tare da ikon lambobi. Rasha ƙamus fassara wannan mataki a matsayin interception.

Akwai da yawa kwallon kafa sharuddan in English, tare da fassarar a cikin Rasha ma'anar wanda dabam dangane da wasanni. Alal misali, harbe lokaci (daga English -. "Kwamfuta") an saita zuwa "shura" a lokacin da dangantaka da wasan kwallon kafa. Idan ya zo ga kwando, ajalin da aka riga juya cikin wani "block harbi" (Eng. An katange harbi).

Wani misali - da magana janar manajan, wanda fassara a matsayin "babban manajan", a lokacin da ta je kwando, ko hockey. Duk da haka, a lokacin da ta je kwallon kafa, ya fassara a cikin Rasha a matsayin "babban jami'in nasiha". Idan manajan ta ayyuka unsa wasu ƙungiya ayyukan, da nauyi na kocin an rage na musamman ga shiri na tawagar da daidaituwa na ayyuka na 'yan wasa a filin wasa.

Italiyanci kwallon kafa sharuddan

A Italian akwai da yawa phrases da alaka da kwallon kafa. Mafi yawa daga cikin kalmomin da riga yana da wani daidai a cikin harshen Turanci, kuma an yi amfani da gabaɗaya a cikin Italian-kasashe da bauta kawai translation na kasa da kasa Concepts a cikin harshen da kallo. Wasu kalmomi zo a cikin kwallon kafa saboda Italian harshe.

• Kattenachio ko catenaccio (daga Italian catenaccio -. "Deadbolt, sakata") - a na dabara rawar daji, a cikin abin da tawagar Halicci ƙofar tsaron gida, da kuma wasan wanda shi ne mafi kusa ga ƙõfa ayyukan matsayin tsabtace. Da farko tactic shahara Italian tawagar a shekarar 1982, inda ya lashe duniya gasar. Rawar daji ne da cewa tawagar scores abokin gaba, sa'an nan ya gina a cikin catenaccio, tun tafi a kan tsaron gida, rike da jagorancin ci.
• Libero (liberou - "free") - CLEANER, shinge 'yan} ungiyarsu a lokacin da kisan catenaccio dabara.
• Kaikaice (laterale - "goyi") - da wakĩli a kansu, wanda shi ne a gefen, shi ne iya rayayye goyi bayan hari da kuma kare gefen filin.
• Feint (finta - "kafirta mãkircinsu, yaudara, fiction") - a m dabara ko motsi, cike da player tare da makasudin zuwa buga makiya rikita batun kuma buga himma.
• Na karshe (na karshe - "karshen, da ƙarshe, da ƙarshe") - da karshe gasar teams.

Germanisms terminology

Football sharuddan a Jamus sun shagaltar da ba na karshe wuri. The sharuddan a bit, amma suna yadu da aka sani. Kuma su German asalin shi ne sau da yawa m.

• Bombardier (Jamus Bombardier.) - mafi m hari player. Kalma zo da wasanni na manyan bindigogi, wanda nufi da harbe-harben da nauyi da makamai a kan abokan gaba (da bom). Akwai game da goma Soviet 'yan wasa, bombarding ƙofofin maƙiyi ga wani mutum ɗari ko fiye a raga a da yawa ashana a lokacin wasan da Tarayyar Soviet. Da rikodin-mariƙin aka dauke su Aleksandr Semonovich Ponomarov, wanda ya zira kwallaye ashirin da uku a raga a kakar wasa ta bana.
• Rod (Jamus Mutu Stange.) - kamar yadda yake yawanci kira post.

Magana kwallon kafa sharuddan a Jamus gane wuya ga Rasha kunne, amma jawabin da lokaci a cikin hali na Jamus, akwai wasu shafukan cewa bayar da fassarar sharuddan.

• Fußballspieler - wannan lokaci na nufin wani talakawa tawagar wasan, cewa shi ne kwallon kafa.
• Torwart - golan. Tor - fassara a matsayin "ƙofofin", tusar jaki - short ga warter - "matsara, masu tsaron fāda."

Mutanen Espanya sharuddan

Spain ne babban magoya wannan wasanni da kuma ciwon fun dakatad da dukkan muhimman abubuwa da damar da za gaisuwa ga ka fi so tawagar a gaban TV ko a filin wasan kwallon kafa. Duk da haka, wani kamus na sharuddan a Spain kwallon kafa, shi ne talauci sosai. Akwai ne kawai da kalma "duniya gasar". Wannan kalma tana nufin gasar cin kofin duniya - wata babbar kasa da kasa gasar a wannan wasa.

Duk da haka, idan kana da muradin ka ciyar lokaci tare da Spanish kamfanin a kan gilashin sayar da giya da kallon wani kwallon kafa wasa a cikin Internet zaka iya samun babbar dama articles, kyale koyi wasu Spanish da kwallon kafa sharuddan.

• el Final - wannan magana ta nuna wata azãba, free harbi daga nesa na 11 mita.
• el arco - shi ne, ba wuya a tsammani cewa tana nufin zuwa Ƙofar saboda kama da kalmar "baka".
• el papanata - wadannan sharuddan ne sosai m wani tunanin Spaniards yayin da kallon wasan, shi ne ba wuya a tsammani darajar kamar wata kalma kira da m 'yan wasa ko a lokacin da wani ya gaza kai.
• cual es el resultado? - kazalika da Spanish masu sauraro mamakin abin da lissafi.

Rasha-harshen sharuddan

A tartsatsi ci gaban kwallon kafa a Rasha. Ya kamata a lura da wani yawan sharuddan da cewa suna da wani ban sha'awa tarihi na asalin.

• Sauyawa - aukuwa a filin a lokacin da wurin da suka ji rauni player ne iya ci gaba da hamayya, akwai wani sabon. Na dogon lokaci ta kasa da kasa da hukumar kwallon kafa bai amince da sauyawa daga 'yan wasa a lokacin wasan. Duk da haka, ciki wasan na kasashe daban-daban, ba kawai aikata da sauyawa, amma shi ne karfi da nema don a halatta shi. Abin da ya faru a sakamakon a shekarar 1960.
• Lura - koya player a kan take hakkin da dokoki. A dokoki ba su bayar, amma a yi, kafa da tasiri na comments domin kula da oda a cikin filin. Yawancin lokaci, 'yan lura sun kai ga wani tsayawar wasa, da kuma zuba a cikin wani gargadi a cikin wani nau'i na yellow card.
• Wakĩli - player, wanda shi ne ke da alhakin harkokin tsaron yanki da ƙofofin da tawagar. Wannan lokaci ne gaba daya maye gurbin su waje takwarorinsu, "Bey" (English baya -. "Ago") na cikin gida da kwallon kafa a farkon thirties, ƙara wa Soviet Dictionary na kwallon kafa sharuddan. Bugu da kari ga aikinsu daina kai hare hare da abokan gaba, kuma shi ne ma alhakin ikon matsawa a walƙiya gudun daga tsaron gida ga m, don ya taimaka wa tawagar bunkasa da hari da kuma ball a cikin ragar abokan hamayyarsu. Kusan shekaru sittin da Ƙofar kiyãye ta biyu tsaro shawara, sa'an nan akwai sabon dabara, kare ya zama uku, kuma bayan kusan kwata karni, su yawan karu zuwa hudu. A zamani kwallon kafa biyu da tsakaitãwa (dama da hagu) da kuma biyu tsakiyar.

Akwai ma daban-daban kwallon kafa sharuddan a Rasha tare da fassarar a cikin harshen Turanci. Alal misali, sharuddan kamar "m", a "free-baya" ko "sweeper" suna nufin abu ɗaya daga cikin wannan lokaci a cikin harshen Turanci sweeper.

The kalmomi "golan" da kuma "mai tsaron" ba kama da tsarin rubutu na daban-daban 'yan wasa, da kuma masu synonymous. English - golan.

castle Rapallo

Football sharuddan da su muhimmancin zai bambanta dangane da kasar da kuma wasanni a kulob din. A wasu kamata zauna raba. Alal misali, "Rapallo Castle."

Dictionary kwallon kafa sharuddan bayyana abin da wani dabara rawar daji, samu da sunan, aka farko amfani da Austria kocin Karl Rappani. A qa'ida ta fasahar kunshi a rufi har da hari sau daya cikin hudu Yan wasan shiga ta daya ko biyu 'yan wasa a cikin ci gaban da harin.

A cikin wannan shirin Rapallo, dabara ne duniya duka biyu da tsaro da kuma kai hari. Game da tasiri na dabara ce m nasarori a cikin Swiss gasar a 1933 da kuma 1934. Tun da 1935, Karl Rappan aka sani da wani bajimi kocin na Swiss kulob din "fara" for goma sha uku shekaru da kulob din sau biyar lashe farko wuri a cikin gasar na Switzerland.

Waje na Switzerland "Rapallo Castle" ya zama shahararren godiya ga cin nasarar yaki a kan teams na Jamus, Faransa da kuma Ingila, a 1934 da kuma 1935. Tun daga nan, wannan ra'ayi yana nufin da sharuddan na kasa da kasa hali.

A hankali dabara "Rapallo castle" ya fara amfani da sauran kwallon kafa teams, da kuma a shekara ta 1938 hijira zuwa Brazil Dori Kirchner horar da rawar daji na Kudu American kwallon kafa. An yi imani da cewa "Rapallo Castle" shine tushen zamani Brazilian tsarin.

kwallon kafa hangen nesa

Special ambaci cancanci irin wannan muhimmanci factor kamar yadda gani a kwallon kafa. Kalmar "hangen nesa na kwallon kafa" yana nufin da ikon da sauri tantance halin da ake ciki, a filin wasa da kuma sauri amsa ga shi.

The masana kimiyya suka gudanar da binciken mutane tsunduma a iri daban-daban wasanni, an bayyana cewa 'yan wasan suna iya rufe idanu ne yafi sarari fiye da wasu. Wannan shi ne saboda da m horo na ido: wani hanzari matsar kusa da ball na bukatar m taro, da kuma halin da ake ciki a game take kaiwa zuwa gaskiyar cewa ƴan ne sau da yawa a kan tafi.

Saboda haka, wasan kwallon kafa taimaka wajen inganta hangen nesa da kuma tasowa cikin ikon rufe babban fili look.

Tarihi ya sani kwallon kafa da 'yan wasa da low hangen nesa. Dutch player Edgar Davids samu a dama ido rauni a 1995 to Ka Davids a cikin babban wasanni sun taimaka wajen musamman sanya fitattun idanu, ƙarshe zama wani ɓangare na image na kwallon kafa player. Godiya a gare su, Davids zama akai-akai zakara na Italiya a cikin "Juventus". Kuma daya daga cikin kamfanonin kwarewa a kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, ya sanya hannu a Multi-miliyan dollar talla kwangila player.

ƙarshe

Game da kwallon kafa da kuma sharuddan za mu iya magana har abada, saboda wannan wasa ne sosai kahu sosai a cikin rayuwar zamani al'umma. kwallon kafa sharuddan zama wanda aka rabu amfani da nassi na lokaci da kuma fita daga amfani, ana maye gurbinsu da wasu. Ko ta yaya kulawa don sharuddan zama har abada a inda suke, to, suna da haka tam yanka a cikin mutum ƙwaƙwalwar cewa magoya ba ko tunani game da asalin kalmar, idan akai la'akari da lokaci ɓangare daga cikin kasa harshe.

A taqaice, saboda wannan dama sharuddan mun tsira kusan karni da kuma sun tsira m.

Duk da haka, dukan ayan canza - biyu, zuwa ga wasanni, da kuma dokoki da sharuddan. Zai yiwu gobe a yawan gyara warware duk wani al'amari na kwallon kafa (ko ƙara ja), kuma da saba fan sharuddan za su ce ban kwana, cikin shahararrun kwallon kafa sharuddan an tafi, kuma a cikin su wuri zai zama sabon ma'anar. Ko da wuri zai zama fanko, da kuma kalmomi da kawai tuna.

A cikin wani hali, kwallon kafa ne ba jawo hankalin hankalin magoya a duniya, saboda tun zamanin da da kuma a wannan rana shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m events.