Fadamun: description, halaye. Ciyayi da kuma kasa cika da ruwa fadamun

River kwaruruka, a shekara flooded a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa, ne mai arziki tushen high quality-ganye, wanda ke da hay. Makiyaya a kowane lokaci da aka dauke wani muhimmin ɓangare na yankunan karkara rayuwa. Brigade hay mowers samar da dabbobi duka a ƙauyen. Hayayyafa dauke musamman natsuwa da ciyawa Clippings a kan su - mafi gina jiki ga dabbobi.

ra'ayi

Makiyaya, located a kusa da kusanci zuwa ga floodplain na kogin da kuma ruwanta flooded kowace shekara, da ake kira floodplain. Idan muka kwatanta shi da sauran fadamun, shi zai duba matalauta a kan su bango. Akwai wuya tsiro manyan yawan shuka iri. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da m ambaliya ba ga duk ciyayi.

Amma ingancin makiyaya ciyawa da kuma hay daga shi ne mafi girma, kamar yadda amfanin ƙasa. Shi ma yana da wani bayani. Kowane lokaci, a lokacin da ruwa ke bãya, floodplain fadamun aka rufe da alluvial adibas, da ake kira silt. Yana amfanin jiki da ƙasa, da kuma a Bugu da kari ga danshi ne m ga m, kuma m shuka girma.

Ya danganta da inda cikin floodplain makiyaya gona iya bambanta a abun da ke ciki. Amma sabanin sauran iri makiyaya, duk da ƙasa m, sako-sako da kuma da-ventilated. A kogin kwaruruka iya bambanta a ambaliyar ruwa ta sharuddan.

A tsawon lokaci da ambaliyar ruwa

Dangane da abin da lokaci da ruwa ya zo daga cikin bankunan, fadamun kasu kashi:

• A kratkopoymennye, shi flooded don har zuwa kwanaki 15. An same su a kusa da koguna ko kananan tafkunan a high bankuna.
• Srednepoymennye rufe da ruwa na tsawon 15 zuwa 25 days. Wadannan fadamun sun fi na kowa a cikin floodplains na manyan jikin ruwa.
• Dolgopoymennye fadamun iya zama a karkashin ruwa ta 25 days ko fiye. Irin wannan nau'in ne ya fi kowa, kuma suna located kusa da manyan koguna.

Daga lokacin ambaliya dogara a kan ganye fili, ciko floodplain makiyaya. Akwai shuke-shuke da suke da sauki kawo dogon zube. Wadannan sun hada da kujera ciyawa, fadama daraja, manna talakawa, trostnikovidnogo Canary da sauransu. A gaskiya, a cikin yanayi akwai iri iri ganye da cewa zai iya tsayayya submergence for 40-50 kwanaki.

By sredneustoychivomu ci gaban da ciyawa, cika floodplain makiyaya, sun hada da Reed da kuma makiyaya fescue, masu rarrafe kuma matasan Clover, makiyaya ciyawa da sauransu.

Daga cikin low kwanciyar hankali ga ambaliya da ganye samu ryegrass sown alfalfa, ja Clover da gõnaki ciyawa.

Resistance zuwa sanyi makiyaya shuke-shuke

All tsirin floodplain fadamun kuma za a iya raba daban na hardiness:

• Very resistant zuwa sanyi - brome, Siberian daji hatsin rai, wata katuwar lankwasa ciyawa, babban kujera ciyawa, Beckmann talakawa, fescue, Clover da alfalfa rawaya.
• Ganye da suke resistant zuwa sanyi, - makiyaya Timothawus, ja fescue, Lotus corniculatus da sauransu.
• Srednezimostoykie shuke-shuke - fescue, matasan alfalfa, ja Clover, gõnaki ciyawa.
• Malozimostoykie ciyawa - makiyaya da kuma mnogoukosny ryegrass.

A mafi girma ganye, ya kuma inganta yawa da kuma ingancin da hay fadamun ana shuka da Hardy jinsunan shuke-shuke. Amma ko da na wadannan sosai low yanayin zafi ko high Layer na snow iya zama haɗari, kuma zai iya shafar yawan aiki.

Riverine ɓangare na floodplain

By wuri iri kasu kashi ruwa-fadamun tare da kogin gado, da kuma tsakiyar ɓangare na tsakiyar floodplain.

Riverine part aka located a kusa da kusanci zuwa kogin gado. Yawancin lokaci ya mamaye a kananan tsiri na ƙasar tare da m laka. Mafi a riverine floodplains girma hatsi. Bi da bi, wannan yanki za a iya raba 3 iri:

1. Babban matakin - wani makiyaya, located ko dai a cikin gandun daji ko mai rufi m tsirin (poreznik, cowparsnip) ko steppe zone inda cakuda ya auku daga makiyaya ciyawa, ganye, da steppe wakilan (bulrush, Tonkonogov, tiptsa da sauransu).
2. Floodplain makiyaya talakawan. Ga akwai ciyawa, legumes, hatsi m broadleaf.
3. low fadamun. Suna halin dampness, wanda kamar yawancin pyreyu, fari bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Beckmann, Canary da sauransu.

Riverine grasslands ne mafi dace don ci gaban da rhizomatous ciyawa da laima da kyau-raya tushen tsarin.

Fadamun tsakiyar floodplain

Wannan shi ne mafi girma yanki na flooded fadamun, kuma shi ne located kawai a waje cikin kogin yankin. A nan ne ya fi kowa m-lãka adibas tare da mai girma view of ganye. Tun da shi ne kalla flooded yankunan, sau da yawa suka fuskanci wani rashin danshi, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani wajen low girma da ciyawa.

A nan a manyan lambobin girma ryhlokustovye ciyawa: Timothawus, ryegrass tsayi, makiyaya fescue, gõnaki ciyawa, makiyaya foxtail, kowa lankwasa da sauransu. Wasu daga cikin su, kamar foxtail, ba 2 amfanin gona da kakar, wanda ba ka damar tattara 20 zuwa 50 centners na hay a kowace kadada. Duk wadannan Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana suna girma a wuri guda har zuwa 10-15 shekaru, bada high forage da ake samu daga shekara zuwa shekara.

A tsakiyar da kuma ƙananan matakin na floodplain

Fadamun, located a tsakiyar ɓangare na floodplain, suna dauke da mafi kyau cikin sharuddan yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma ingancin da ciyawa. Mafi sau da yawa za ka iya saduwa da daga Timothawus ciyawa, makiyaya da kuma ja fescue, Kentucky bluegrass kuma foxtail. Legume iyali, za ka iya samun yellow alfalfa, ja da fari Clover, vetch, rank, Lotus corniculatus. Ganye - buttercup, geranium makiyaya, cornflower, bedstraw, daisy, Yarrow da sauran. Irin wannan bambancin da jinsunan ne saboda wani musamman high abun ciki na silt a cikin ƙasa, wanda settles bayan janyewar ruwa.

Domin ƙananan matakin da ambaliyar ruwa (nearterrace zone) halin depressions, wanda sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa waterlogging da kuma a wasu lokuta ma da samuwar peat swamps.

Ga gona ba su da irin wannan aeration kamar yadda a cikin sauran iri ambaliyar bayyana fadamun, don haka ba za mu iya cika wadannan thickets na Willow, alder, nettles da rarrafe da ƙayar. Well-yi girman "ji" a cikin wadannan wurare hatsi - fadama bluegrass, makiyaya foxtail, pickerel turfy, rarrafe bentgrass.

Idan muhalli da yanayi yarda, da floodplains na terrace za a iya samu a manyan lambobin hygrophytes - sedge, Reed, kara, auduga ciyawa.

moorland

Scotland fadamun suna yawanci located a cikin mafi flooded yankunan inda ruwa zai iya zama daga 50 zuwa 95 days. Suna halin glei peaty kasar gona, a cikin abin da ruwa matakin zai iya isa har zuwa 2 m, kuma mafi. Bayan Ruwan Tsufana, wannan yanki ya rage sosai moisturized na dogon lokaci. Mafi sau da yawa za ka iya saduwa da wadannan iri na shuke-shuke:

• Hatsi: Reed Canary, makiyaya foxtail, pickerel turfy, sag darɓa da makiyaya bunting.
• Ciyawa: m zobo, chickweed hatsi, porucheynik, manta-ni-fadama, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla kai tsaye da kuma ulmaria meadowsweet.
• Na jinsunan sedge: gero, fox, zomo, m kuma farkon.

Saboda wadannan Scotland fadamun suna da wuya amfani ga dabbõbin, hay yayin da girma da tsire-tsire su dace da da sinadirai masu darajar high.

Kula floodplain makiyaya

Abin da halaye na floodplain fadamun da wuri ko duration da flooded da bukatar a inganta. Wannan shi ne musamman gaskiya ciyayi a tsakiyar da kuma babba yankin na floodplain. Gogaggen kwararru san cewa 30% na fadamun zauna Clover da ciyawa. Don bunkasa su girma, su ciyar da tsoratar game da kamar wata waƙoƙi, a cikin abin da a lokaci guda karba sharan kuma idan aka kwatanta bumps.

Don gudanar da wannan aikin da aka bada shawarar nan da nan bayan da ruwa ya janye. A cikin taron cewa bayan ruwan tsufana a can ne ta ƙara girma da ciyawa kada ta kasance tsoratar game, da kuma shi ne mafi alhẽri matsawa wannan aiki a kan bayan haymaking.

Yanka ciyawa a karon farko wajibi ne kafin flowering, kamar yadda idan ka yi haka, alhãli kuwa shi ne je, sa'an nan ƙarshe makiyaya rage yawan da jinsin.

Idan amfani dvuhukosnuyu fasahar, a farko yanke wajibi ne ya bar mai tushe 4-5 cm a tsawo, yayin da na biyu -. 6-7 cm Wannan zai ba da damar da shuke-shuke a kiyaye da matsakaicin gina jiki da cewa tara a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na kara saukin canja wurin daskararre.

Taki floodplain fadamun

Ya kamata a yi taki a cikin ƙasa to inganta ingancin da kuma yawan aiki na floodplain fadamun. Wannan zai ba kawai bunkasa ci gaban da ciyawa, amma kuma shafa ta sinadirai Properties. Takin zai taimaka wajen inganta yawan aiki, wanda daga shekara zuwa shekara za kawai girma, da kuma yin shuke-shuke fiye da resistant zuwa m halitta dalilai.

A cewar masana, na yau da kullum aikace-aikace na phosphate da potash takin a farko 2-3 shekaru qara yawan amfanin ƙasa na 0.5 ton a kowace kadada. Bayan shekara ta biyar da adadi ne da matsakaita da 2.6 t / ha. An lura da Littafi hatsaisai increment wanda inganta gona nitrogen kam, wanda qara girma na hatsi da kuma ciyawa.