Douglas Engelbart shine mai kirkirar linzamin kwamfuta

A yaro na XXI karni sau da yawa samun amfani da su yi amfani da wata kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta kafin fara magana. Amma ba kowane tsofaffi ya san sunan mai kirkirar wannan na'urar ba, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ma'amala tsakanin mutum da kwamfuta.

Douglas Engelbart shi ne mawallafin sauran abubuwan da suka shafi duniya na zamanin komputa - shafukan zane-zane, editan rubutu, hypertext, taro na layi, da dai sauransu. Abin ban mamaki, ba ya zama dan biliyan biliyan, amma ya cancanci aikinsa na godiya ga yawan dubban masu amfani.

Ɗan mai aikin gona daga Oregon

Ya aka haife Janairu 30, 1925 at cikin iyali gona na Charles da kuma Gladys Engelbart. A cikin iyalin gidan akwai mutanen Arewacin Turai - Jamus, Norwegians da Swedes. Wataƙila daga magabatan, Douglas ya sami sha'awar cikakke da daidaito cikin aikinsa, ko da yake ba a lura da kwarewa na musamman a lokacin yaro ba.

Duk da haka, ya samu digiri na biyu daga Makarantar Sakandaren Franklin a Portland a 1942 kuma ya shiga Jami'ar Oregon a 1942, yana nufin ya zama injiniyan lantarki. Bayan nazarin shekaru biyu, an tilasta shi ya shiga cikin yakin duniya na biyu, ya ragu daga iyakar Amurka. An shirya Douglas Karl Engelbart a matsayin mai rediyo a cikin jirgin ruwa a Philippines.

"Ta yaya za mu yi tunanin"

Ya kasance mai yiwuwa ga Douglas ya zama sananne da wani asalin injiniya da masanin kimiyya na Amurka, daya daga cikin mahimmancin ci gaban kwakwalwa ta hanyar Weinivar Bush (1890-1974), mai suna As We May Think, da aka buga a watan Yulin 1945. Ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambancen na fassarar Rasha na taken wannan aikin hangen nesa ya ji murya - "Idan muna iya tunani".

Yawancin ra'ayoyin da ke ƙunshe a cikin littafin Bush sun yi kama da dan gidan rediyo mai zaman kansa yana zaune a cikin wani karami a kan karamin tsibirin tsibirin Pacific, rabin hauka. Babban tasiri na hankali na wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar al'ummomin watsa labarai na gaba, wanda marubucin wannan labarin ya yi magana game da, Douglas Engelbart yayi la'akari ne kawai don nesa mai zuwa. Amma da tabbaci da makamashi da suka fito daga kalmomin Bush suka kama shi, kuma ya kasance cikin sannu-sannu da ƙaddarar abubuwan da ke cikin rayuwarsa ta zaman lafiya.

Bachelor's Degree a Engineering Engineering

Bayan ya dawo daga yakin, yaron ya ci gaba da samun ilimin jami'a. Douglas Engelbart, bayan kammala digiri a digirin injiniya, ya sami wani aikin injiniya a NASA Amé Laboratory, inda ya yi aiki daga 1948 zuwa 1951. Wannan karamin karamin ne wanda ke gaba da NASA mai ba da wutar lantarki a nan gaba.

A cikin shekaru uku ɗin nan, ya ƙarfafa burinsa ya ba da gudummawa ga bunkasa kwakwalwar kwamfuta, warware matsalar matsalolin ƙungiyar bayanai, wanda ya karanta game da Waynevar Bush. Ya tuna yadda a lokacin aikin soja ya lura da nuni na jiragen saman iska a kan hotunan radar. Daga baya, ya shiga aikin injiniya a cikin aikin CALDIC (California Digital Computer na Sabon Halitta). Ƙara sauri da sassauci na haɗin kai tsakanin masu aiki da kwakwalwa sun sami matsayin matsayi mai mahimmanci don aiki don injiniya.

A Jami'ar Barkley

Ayyukan kimiyya sun kasance kamar shi ya fi dacewa da burinsa. Douglas yana da digiri na Master (1952), sannan likita (1955) ya shiga aikin injiniya na injiniya da kuma Farfesa a Jami'ar Barkley a California. Engelbart ta samu kimanin goma sha biyar takardun shaida don na'urori na dijital plasma na BI, wanda ya ga abubuwan da aka tsara na kwakwalwa na gaba.

Ya shiga aikin da jami'a ke yi don ƙirƙirar sabon na'ura mai kwarewa. Abubuwan da Douglas Engelbart yayi tare da jagoranci da abokan aiki suna ganin irin wannan hanya ne mai ban mamaki da kuma "mummunan hali," kuma an tilasta shi ya shiga aikin fasaha a kan wani sabon na'ura yayin da ya kasance mai launi tare da hankali na kwari yana cin katunan fadi.

A Cibiyar Nazarin Stanford

Don neman goyon baya ga ra'ayinsa, ya bar jami'a. A shekara ta 1957, a Stanford Research Institute (SRI - Stanford Research Institute), dake a cikin garin Menlo Park a kan gaba na San Francisco Bay, an shirya da kimiyya rukuni na 47 mutane, jagorancin Engelbart Duglas zama. Ayyukan da aka yi da shi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa sune juyin juya hali a yanayi kuma a hanyoyi da dama suna tantance ci gaba da fasaha ta kwamfuta.

Tashar injiniyar Engelbart ta hannun ma'aikatan soja na Amurka ta hanyar Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Tsaro da Ci gaba (DARPA). Wannan tsarin gwamnati ya nuna sha'awar rahoton masanin kimiyya, wanda ake kira Fassara Mutum Mai Girma: Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin - "Ƙarfafa tunanin mutum: tsarin tsarin tunani." Ya ƙunshi wani tsarin bincike game da inganta fasaha ta kwamfuta.

Na farko "linzamin kwamfuta"

Matsayin da ya fi dacewa na rayuwar masanin kimiyya ya fara. An fara ne tare da ci gaba da na'urori masu kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa da kuma ƙwarewar na'urorin sarrafa kwamfuta, ɗakin binciken ya fara bincike mai zurfi a cikin tsarin NLS (ON-Line System) da Douglas ya bayar. Ya haɗa da ci gaba da sabuwar tsarin aiki da tsarin sabon tsarin don sarrafa na'urorin dijital. Sakamakon tsaka-tsaki na aikin dakin gwaje-gwajen shine ƙaddararrun juyin juya halin: fitarwa zuwa allo na saka idanu na hotunan raster, wanda aka samo asali a kan wannan mahimmancin hoto, hypertext, yana nufin haɗin aiki da dama masu amfani.

Tun daga ranar 9 ga watan Satumba, 1968, tare da gabatar da sababbin na'urori don shigar da bayanai, wanda Douglas Engelbart ya gudanar, labarin da kwamfutar ke yi ya canza. Ya gabatar da "mai nuna alama ta XY don tsarin nuni", wanda ya sami linzamin kwamfuta mai suna "linzamin kwamfuta" tsakanin masana kimiyya. Wannan na'urar ta zama akwati na itace mai goge tare da ƙananan waya wanda yake fitowa daga gare ta, wanda aka haɗa da ƙafafun karfe biyu. Lokacin da motsi a saman teburin, ana jujjuya da juyawar ƙafafun, yana shafi matsayi na siginan kwamfuta a kan saka idanu. Kwayar gani ta shigar da bayanai a cikin yanayin yanar gizo ya haifar da furore.

Lissafi

Idan Douglas na da makasudin wadatawa kuma ya san yadda za a sayar da kayan aikinsa, zai zama mutum mafi arziki, kamar Bill Gates. Amma shi da iyalinsa dole ne su jimre wa matsalolin wahala lokacin da aka rarraba kungiyar, wadda ke aiki a cikin sashin tsaro. An ba da goyon baya ga Douglas Karl Engelbart a lokacin da aka tsara zamanin kwamfyuta ba a cikin farkon 90s na karni na XX ba. Ya zama laureate na kyauta masu yawa, ya ba da sunayen sarauta da yawa da kyaututtuka.

Ya ci gaba da yin aiki har sai mutuwarsa ranar 2 ga watan Yuli, 2013, wanda ya zama sananne ga mutanen da suka zo daga ko'ina cikin duniya.