A da yawa majalisai: iri, iri, schemas, kuma su yi amfani da. Wadanne ne abubuwan? Knotability for "dummies"

Nodes a tarihin 'yan adam suka bayyana sosai a farkon - mafi tsufa da aka sani da aka samu a Finland kuma kasance a cikin marigayi Stone Age. Tare da ci gaba da wayewa da kuma ci gaba hanyoyi saƙa, daga sauki ga hadaddun, zuwa kashi iri, daban da kuma ikon yinsa, daga amfani. The most category da yawan bambancin - kullin.

Da muhimmancin da nodes a cikin al'adu da kuma addini

Akwai ne al'umma wanda hanyoyi na dauri igiyoyi bai wa sufi Properties, amfani a cikin rayuwar dukkan sassa na al'umma. Akwai sun kasance wayewar da suke da su taboo. Mafi shahara misali na karshen - Ancient Roma, firistocin a cikin Haikalin Jupiter da aka haramta da tufafi akalla daya kumburi.

Al'ummai da yawa na duniya akwai addini, tsarki shafukan: Sin "da farin ciki kulli", da alama na kabilar Yahuza a Yahudanci, tying strands na gashi kuma kulli tying game Larabawa da sauransu.

harka tarihi

Big tura hali na saka ta ba da ci gaban sailing kewayawa - da bukatar wani abin dogara da kuma mai amfani-friendly "kayan aiki" halitta dukan tarin sabon nodes. Wani babbar shift faru a cikin XIX-XX ƙarni tare da ci gaban da yawon bude ido.

By lokacin sailing sailing tafi sha'awa, da kuma qulle-qulle ne kawai daga yin amfani - yanzu a cikin Nautical School nazari ne kawai game da 38 kullin. A halin yanzu, a cikin "Littafi na Ashleya nodes", da aka buga a 1944, ya bayyana 700 zabin na tying igiyoyi da matsakaicin sani da yawan kai 4000. Duk da haka, a lokacin da yawon bude ido zo, duk abin da ya canja.

A ci gaba da takamaiman iri hutu (yin yawo, caving, wasanni kama kifi) ya kawo wa rai da manta da kuma "halitta" sabon iri Hadin.

Knotability zama irin wasanni - daya daga cikin records an rajista a cikin "Littafi na Records" Guinness a 1977, tabbatar da ganin cewa American Clinton R. Bailey Sr. daura shida kullin a 6.1 seconds.

Ina nodes

Bigiren ya hada da dukan fannoni na rayuwar dan Adam. Nodes zahiri bi mu a ko'ina - tare da su taimako daura bakuna a kan takalma, da hulunansu, dangantaka, sanya dressings, da su taimaka ci gaba da dabbobi a kan wani leash da gashi a cikin gashi. Marine raka'a har yanzu suna a cikin shakka daga sailing.

A karafa, ruwa wasanni, caving da kuma hawa dutse kullin a kowane mataki. Su - ɓangare na kama kifi, farauta, samar da kayan ado da tufafi. A daidai wannan lokaci, kowane aiki na bukatar da kansa irin nodes.

Iri madaukai da kuma sadarwa

Knotability tsananin ɗã'a ga dokokin na topology - tushen kowane daga cikin mafi hadaddun taro ne mai sauki kulli. Daga wannan zo up farko rarrabuwa - jijiyoyin ne mai sauki (asali) da hadaddun.

Duk wani kumburi za a iya raba a wani hade da biyu abubuwa - samar da mai lankwasa siffofi igiya (yi), da kuma ƙarin samuwar lokacin ƙanƙancewa mai lankwasa (kafa).

Squeezing take kaiwa zuwa matsawa, nakasawa da igiya a shafin na mannewa. A sakamakon - tare da wata igiya kulli ƙananan ƙarfi a hutu fiye da ba tare da shi. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani Hanyar rarrabuwa - bisa ga mataki na aminci.

"Practical" da kuma na ado

Za a iya ware da kuma wani janar rarrabuwa - rabuwa da iri aikin raka'a. A wasu kalmomin, da nodes kasu kashi amfani ga wani aiki da kuma kayan ado.

Recent cikakke ga ado kyautai, furanni, m ado da tufafi, da kayan ado halitta. Daga cikin su da wani wuri na musamman mizuhiki: su za a iya amfani da su haifar da ayyukan art dukkan siffofi da kuma dalilai - daga ado a cikin nau'i na malam da cranes, zuwa ga masu arziki da kuma ornamental madaukai a kan tufafi.

Akwai sauran sukayi fassara - bisa ga cewa abin da ta ɗaure da makõma, da sauransu ..

Nau'in raka'a, iri

A general, wadannan iri ya zama ruwan dare nodes:

• domin dauri da igiyoyi tare.
• domin tying wata igiya zuwa support.
• madauki.
• sababbin shiga (ga goyon bayan, weighting, riƙewa igiya madauki coils, da dai sauransu ...).
• Necktie.
• ado.

Tsohon, bi da bi, za a iya raba: nodes ga dauri igiyoyi na wannan diamita, daban-daban diamita, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa (ga birgima bonding tare guda na wannan igiya), shugaba da kuma musamman.

Wannan, duk da haka, amsar wannan tambaya, abin da su ne aka gyara ba iyaka. Its musamman raka'a akwai tayi da kuma kama kifi, ciki har da na ado da kuma a can ne mai babbar iri-iri na mahadi.

Uku da manyan marine site

A gaskiya ma, akwai mutane da yawa "teku" sites, da iri da suke dole da kuma rare a cikin kwanaki na sailing jiragen ruwa, amma sun rasa su munasaba a zamaninmu. A gaskiya adadin jijiyoyin an daina amfani da shi, amma akwai uku na asali, wanda ake amfani da kusan ko ina, a kowane lokaci. Wannan shi ne wani "bowline", "albasa" da "takwas".

"Bowline" rundunar, wanda shi ma wani bowline, kuma aka sani da "Sarkin kullin" - ba tsawo ko da a karkashin karfi mikewa, sauki shige, m, ba-zamewa, ba ya lalata waya kanta ba ya jinkirta shi ne sauƙin untied. Wannan shi ne - da real sarki, yana da dukan zama dole m halaye da kuma ba da ciwon kusan babu aibu. Wannan kumburi da ake amfani da inshora a lokacin hawa Uphill ko downhill a kan gefen, kuma shi ne ma dace da shiga guda biyu igiyoyi na daidaita ko daban-daban diameters da kayan.

"Albasa" taro ne sosai dace domin attaching wata igiya zuwa santsi saman, kamar wani mast ko pgg. Yana da dangantaka da embodiment na nodes, da iri da za a iya amfani da a amince ba tare da tsoron matsaloli tare da zamiya ko samorazvyazyvaniem. Sunan ya sami asali daga gaskiya cewa sun dade da aka lazimta da mutane ratlin (sassan na tarred igiya amfani don ya dauke kan mast). A wannan site akwai wani drawback - shi ne abin dogara ne kawai a karkashin m tashin hankali. A Maritime kasuwanci da ake amfani da fenders, tying da jirage da tari.

"Takwas" - da kulle taro muhimmi goma sha biyar more hadaddun embodiments. An dauke da wani classic, kuma ta babban amfani ne da cewa ko da tare da wani karfi dirka ya ba ganimar da igiya da kuma saukin untied. A rayuwar yau da kullum, shi ne mai kyau hanya na fastening da igiya zuwa guga rike da yaro ta seleji, kirtani zuwa Colca violins, mandolins, garayu, da misãlinsa.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, iri kullin iya raba karin a haɗa igiya da juna da kuma kullawa da na USB zuwa support.

Basic gyara a hawa dutse

A dutsen wasanni amfani da irin wannan iri matings. Ko da yake wasu daga cikinsu ya zo daga teku, da kuma sani na shekaru masu yawa, kuma suna da "kansa", tsara da kuma ƙirƙira by yawon bude ido da kuma sana'a 'yan wasa. The hawa za a iya gano 17 babbar kiwo:

• Layin (connect da igiyoyi, da igiyoyinsu da wannan size. Lalle ne haƙĩƙa, don amfani da iko raka'a. A karkashin load, ƙwarai jinkiri, "rarrafe").
• Kurangar inabi (daga category kumburi iri wanda ake amfani da dauri da igiyoyi na wannan kuma na daban-daban diameters).
• Bramshkotovy (hidima su ɗaure daban-daban diamita igiyoyi. Don shi ne ake bukata saƙa da iko nodes).
• Explorer (aikace-aikace - fastening da igiya zuwa wani abu da sauki acikin sarƙa a kan kowane sashi na USB ƙwarai jinkiri a karkashin load da "rarrafe" ..).
• Takwas shugaba (ba su ƙulla da kulli "rarrafe" da kuma ba yawa jinkiri a karkashin load. Ana amfani da inda bukatar m madauki).
• "Rabbit kunnuwa" (ikon yinsa -. Duk inda ka bukatar mai kyau m madauki ba "ja jiki", ƙwarai jinkiri a karkashin load).
• Bowline (da shi da ake amfani da attaching da igiya zuwa zobba a kusa da kayyade goyon baya. Wannan shi ne mai kyau, sauki ne kuma abin dogara taro, wanda aka karfi ba tsaurara karkashin load, amma "rarrafe" idan kaya ne m).
• Kalaman Garda (da shi da ake amfani da inshora, ja da igiya kuma birki. Works da kyau tare da ɗora Kwatancen na USB, dace da amfani a wani na jihar).
• Prusik kumburi (amfani da lanyard An ba da sa a kan garin kankara igiyoyi da kuma mummunan - .. A tukuru Wannan taro motsa yardar kaina da kuma aka tsaurara tare da wani kaya, ta cire bayan sake saiti ba tare da wahala).
• Albasa ( "ku yi jihãdi." Good for fastening da igiya zuwa wani yawan tana goyan bayan, kamar itatuwa. A karkashin load ba ya jinkirta shi ne quite m m).
• Austria Sanin naúrar (ga tensioning da igiya a lokacin tsallaka kungiyar. Rasu motsa tsaurara karkashin load da kuma ya koma ga ta asali matsayi bayan kau. Daya daga cikin mafi m nodes. Iri irin wannan zamiya na kama da jijiyoyin ne Popular tsakanin matuƙan, tsakanin speleologists).
• Samorazvyazyvayuschiysya (wannan kumburi ne knitted daga core igiya tsawon da ake amfani da su kauce wa inadvertent mararraba girka Santa. Yana da kyau decoupled ko da a karkashin m kaya da kuma isasshe m. Amfani da wani Reef kulli ko shotgun).
• igiya alama (a sosai sauki da kuma dace hanyar ci gaba da igiya domin. knits a kan wani skein igiya, kintinkiri, kama kifi line, da sauransu. d.).
• Kulle ISS (da hanyar da hanya na bundling inshora. Akwai da dama zažužžukan).
• Control - zamiya, kurãme, Carbines (asali raka'a a wani filin alaka da amfani da igiyoyi ba tare da lura da halin kaka ne kawai, wanda bã ya saƙa a bukatar nodes Su aiki - .. Hana kwatsam girka na babban taron jama'a don amfani da iko dole tare da wasu nodes a cikin .. overall, suna amfani da lokacin da akwai shakka a aMINCI da zuciyar, musamman idan aka daura a rigar, m, garin kankara, a cike da laka kuma m. p. igiya).

Key gyara a Caving

Iri igiya kullin amfani speleotourists, sosai kama da "dutse", ko da yake dangane da tawagar da shugaban makaranta ne hanyoyi daban-daban na ma'abota iya mai suna. Duk da haka, zai zama akwai wani kuskure to kira a cikin na asali, zama tilas, don nazarin duk wadanda suke so su tafiyar da caving, da wadannan: kai tsaye, bowline, "takwas" (a kulle, biyu kuma a kanta), tara Austria shugaba.

Dukan su biyu "takwas" - kusan mafi used a caving rayuwa. Idan yadda ya kamata a kafa, yana da kyau untied bayan motsa jiki. A kan yi amfani da magudi, har ma a lokuta da dama.

mike

Direct kumburi, kuma aka sani da Hercules, kunshi biyu Semi-haše-haše, knotted sequentially daya sama da sauran, a daban-daban kwatance. Wannan dangane hanya ne kawai dace da daya diamita igiyoyi - in ba haka ba bakin ciki m hawaye karkashin load. Lokacin da igiya ko na USB da aka yi wa lodi, wannan madauki ne yiwuwa ga samorazvyazyvaniyu.

A wannan gaskiya ne idan igiya samun rigar - kumburi zai iya ja jiki. Yi amfani da zama dole, tare da iko. Roba igiyoyi unreliable, amma a lokacin da amfani sosai, shi ne m, kuma mun gwada da sauki kwance.

Known kama amma unreliable zaɓuɓɓuka: Teschin da kaka kulli. Yana kuma dauke da Admiralty alaka kai tsaye da kuma m raka'a.

"Takwas"

Daya daga cikin mafi sauki kulle majalisai, yana da dama indisputable abũbuwan amfãni: shi ne mai sauki saƙa, shi ya dubi kyau, da kansa ya jinkirta, ba ma Ganĩma da igiya. Don amfani da kaya daidai talauci, kamar yadda a cikin wannan hali, ƙwarai jinkiri kuma a sakamakon shi da wuya a kwance.

"Takwas", a matsayin Reef kulli, da aka sani tun lokacin da. Akwai irin wannan madauki a kan shi tare da wannan sunan, wanda aka yi amfani da hawa dutse, yafi zuwa amince da carabiner a kan babban igiya.

Mene ne bisa "takwas" raka'a? A general, shi hidima a matsayin wani kashi na mutane da yawa more hadaddun bindings, misali, a kanta, kuma wani biyu "takwas".